CN112358730A - 一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,包括聚烯烃树脂、聚有机硅氧烷、改性聚硅氧烷、长链烷基硅油、硅树脂和聚合物加工助剂。本发明还公开了硅酮母粒的制备方法。该硅酮母粒能够有效改善线缆体系中各个组分间的相容性,均分模口挤出压力,有效改善口模析出,且可以有效提高基体的阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,具体涉及一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
低烟无卤阻燃线缆料口模析出是线缆制造中常见的一种故障问题,这种故障会引起多种产品缺陷,如挤出产品表面缺料、加工流程中断和产品完全开裂等。口模析出与模口处的应力分散及组分间的相容性有关,熔体在挤出机内从相对慢速到模口区时突然加速运动,而这种加速运动会在熔体内产生一种应力,在应力作用下,体系间相容性较差的组分会相互分离,并在离模时膨胀,产生熔体破裂,形成口模积料。
目前规模较大的公司会根据自己产品特点,选择定制化口模模具的方案,以解决熔体流动在口模区的应力分散问题,但是此类方法投资成本比较高,而且适应性比较窄,一旦产品配方变更或者升级时,有可能就不适用。主流操作只能依靠人力进行现场清理,此类方法需要经验丰富的操作人员才可执行,否则容易导致产品表面进一步受到破坏。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是:针对现有技术存在的不足,提供一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,本申请采用聚有机硅氧烷、改性聚硅氧烷为基体,并添加聚烯烃树脂、硅树脂以及聚合物加工助剂和改性阻燃填料,制得的硅酮母粒分散性好各组分相容性好,能有效改善聚烯烃线缆加工过程中模口区的应力分散,进而降低模口析出,提高产品质量。
本发明要解决的技术问题之二是,针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒的制备方法,该方法制得的硅酮母粒分散性好,且制备工艺简单,对设备要求低。
为解决上述第一个技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,以重量份数计,包括以下组分:聚烯烃树脂0-60份,聚有机硅氧烷20-50份,改性聚硅氧烷20-80份,长链烷基硅油2-10份,硅树脂5-20份,聚合物加工助剂1-5份。
作为上述技术方案的改进,还包括1-5份的改性阻燃填料;所述改性阻燃填料为聚硅氧烷包覆的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述改性阻燃填料的制备过程如下:
(1)将二硫化钼粉末和无水乙醇混合进行球磨处理,干燥后超声分散在四氢呋喃中制得悬浮液;随后向悬浮液中加入六氯三聚磷腈的四氢呋喃溶液,在60-80℃下超声反应1-5h,之后烘干,并将固体置于马弗炉内氩气气氛下,首先以2℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃,保温处理1h,之后以8℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃,保温处理2-3h,制得二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料;
(2)将上述制得的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料分散在无水乙醇中,然后加入马来海松酸,室温下搅拌处理30-50min,随后加入氨基聚硅氧烷,并升温至70-90℃,搅拌反应3-6h,反应结束后冷却至室温,将反应液过滤,并依次采用无水乙醇、去离子水洗涤沉淀,干燥后得到改性阻燃填料。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(1)中,所述二硫化钼粉末、六氯三聚磷腈的质量比为1:(0.1-0.5)。
作为上述技术方案的优选,步骤(2)中,所述二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料、马来海松酸、氨基聚硅氧烷的质量比为10:(10-15):(2-3)。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述聚烯烃树脂为PP、PE、POE、EVA中的一种或多种混合物;进一步优选为PE和EVA中的一种或两种混合物;所述聚烯烃树脂的熔融指数优选为2.16kg/190℃,熔体指数为2-35g/10min。基体树脂的熔体指数过高或过低都会影响到硅酮母粒的性能,进而影响到线缆料在加工过程中口模析出的性能。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述改性聚硅氧烷为聚合物接枝超高分子量有机硅,所述聚合物为PE、EVA、EMA、EEA、POE中的一种或多种混合物;进一步优选为EMA、EVA、POE中的一种或多种混合物,所述超高分子量有机硅分子量为8-150万。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述长链烷基硅油的碳数为8-30,分子量为2000-50000,进一步优选为15000-50000。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述聚合物加工助剂为含氟聚合物PPA,其粒径<250μm。
为解决上述第二个技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按配比称取聚烯烃树脂、聚有机硅氧烷、改性聚硅氧烷、长链烷基硅油、硅树脂、聚合物加工助剂和改性阻燃填料,将称好的原料放入捏合机内搅拌均匀,搅拌时间为8-15min,得到预混物;
2)将预混物通过锥双喂料机加入到双螺杆挤出机中,控制双螺杆挤出机的温度为160-220℃,熔融挤出,切粒、脱水得到硅酮母粒。
进一步的,所述聚有机硅氧烷为甲基乙烯基硅橡胶,其分子量在8万-150万;所述硅树脂为球型硅树脂,粒径在1-10μm;
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明公开的硅酮母粒包括聚烯烃树脂、聚有机硅氧烷、改性聚硅氧烷、长链烷基硅油、硅树脂、聚合物加工助剂以及改性阻燃填料;所述改性阻燃填料为聚硅氧烷包覆的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料。聚有机硅氧烷的加入可有效改善体系的润滑特性,从而降低体系与挤出机之间的摩擦,降低设备损耗,延长设备使用寿命,改性聚硅氧烷则可以提高材料组分间的相容性,聚合物加工助剂则与金属有较好的亲和力,可在材料与挤出机内壁间形成持久动态的润滑层,与聚有机硅氧烷起到协效润滑的效果。本发明采用聚硅氧烷包覆的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料作为阻燃剂,可有效提高体系的阻燃性能。
为了制备分散性好的硅酮母粒,本发明首先在二硫化钼纳米片上原位制备聚磷腈纳米粒子,磷和氮的掺杂有效改善了二硫化钼纳米片的分散性;二者协同偶联,不仅可以提高材料的阻燃性能,还可以改善材料的力学性能。为了进一步提高体系中各组分的相容性,本发明将制得的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料采用马来海松酸进行修饰表面,随后在其表面接枝氨基聚硅氧烷,将有机聚硅氧烷包覆在二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料表面制得改性阻燃填料,该阻燃填料分散性好,热稳定性好,有效提高机体的阻燃性能以及机械性能。
本发明制得的硅酮母粒应用于线缆生产中,能够有效改善线缆体系中各个组分间的相容性,降低口模析出,提升拉线速度,减少线径波动,提升氧指数,进而改善线缆的阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
下述实施例以及对比例中所采用的材料的性能如下:
所述聚烯烃树脂为线性低密度聚乙烯,其熔体流动速度为20g/10min;
所述聚有机硅氧烷为甲基乙烯基硅橡胶,挥发分<1.0%,乙烯基含量为0.034%;
所述改性聚硅氧烷为EMA接枝高分子量有机硅,高分子量有机硅分子量在120万,高分子量有机硅的含量为50%;
所述硅树脂为球形树脂,其粒径为3μm;
所述长链烷基硅油为碳原子数为14的长链烷基有机硅,分子量为30000;
实施例以及对比例的各组分的用量如表1所示,其中,各组分的用量采用重量份计算。
表1
制备方法为:按配比称取实施例以及对比例中的各原料,并将各原料放入捏合机内搅拌均匀,搅拌时间在10min;将混合好的原料置于长径比48:1的双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出造粒,挤出机螺杆各段温度如下:加料段150-180℃,输送段180-200℃,熔融段200-210℃,机头190-200℃,整个挤出过程的停留时间为1-2分钟,模头压力为4-9MPa,挤出机末端抽真空排气,排气真空度为-0.08~-0.04MPa,得到硅酮母粒。
应用例1
将EVA 19份、LLDPE 12份、PE相容剂8份、氢氧化铝60份、黑色母0.5份,再添加2份上述实施例和对比例制备的硅酮母粒,在135-145℃的密炼机内密炼15min,后经120-130℃单螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出、模面热切风冷冷却造粒,制得低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料。并在螺杆直径加工温度为110-145℃的线缆单螺杆押出机上进行挤出拉线,记录挤出时的稳定电流和口模析出情况。
并以不添加对比例和实施例中制得的硅酮母粒作为空白对照组1。
应用例2
将EVA 25份、LLDPE 15份、PE相容剂10份、氢氧化镁50份、黑色母0.5份,再添加2份实施例和对比例制备的硅酮母粒。在150-180℃的密炼机内密炼15min,后经170-180℃单螺杆中熔融挤出、模面热切风冷冷却造粒,制得低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆料。并在螺杆直径加工温度为110-145℃的线缆单螺杆押出机上进行挤出拉线,记录挤出时的稳定电流和口模析出情况。
并以不添加对比例和实施例中制得的硅酮母粒作为空白对照组2。
将上述应用例1、应用例2、空白对照组1、空白对照组2中制得的线缆粒子在在70-80℃的真空干燥箱中干燥4h,然后将干燥好的粒子在平板硫化机上模压成样板和样片,最后由切刀裁成相应的测试样条,进行性能测试。
测试方法以及测试结果如下:
1、熔融指数测试:
熔融指数测试按GB/T 3682-2000进行,应用例1测试条件为150℃*21.6kg,应用例2测试条件为190℃*21.6kg。
2、力学测试:
力学测试按GB/T1040.3-2006的规定进行,采用5型样条,厚度为(1.0±0.1)mm样条,拉伸速度为(200±50)mm/min。
3、氧指数测试:
氧指数测试按GB/T2406.2-2009的规定进行,采用Ⅳ型样条,厚度为(3.0±0.25)mm,宽度为(6.5±0.5)mm。
测试结果如表2所示:
表2
从上述测试结果来看,本发明硅酮母粒可以有效的降低线缆挤出时的口模析出现象,同时也能够有效的改善体系的流动性,协效提升体系的氧指数,起到阻燃协效的结果。改性阻燃填料不仅提高了体系的力学性能,且提高了材料的阻燃性能。其中有机硅的润滑特性也有助于降低体系与挤出机之间的相互摩擦,降低设备损耗,延长设备使用寿命。
此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:以重量份数计,包括以下组分:聚烯烃树脂0-60份,聚有机硅氧烷20-50份,改性聚硅氧烷20-80份,长链烷基硅油2-10份,硅树脂5-20份,聚合物加工助剂1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于,还包括1-5份的改性阻燃填料;所述改性阻燃填料为聚硅氧烷包覆的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:所述改性阻燃填料的制备过程如下:
(1)将二硫化钼粉末和无水乙醇混合进行球磨处理,干燥后超声分散在四氢呋喃中制得悬浮液;随后向悬浮液中加入六氯三聚磷腈的四氢呋喃溶液,在60-80℃下超声反应1-5h,之后烘干,并将固体置于马弗炉内氩气气氛下,首先以2℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃,保温处理1h,之后以8℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃,保温处理2-3h,制得二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料;
(2)将上述制得的二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料分散在无水乙醇中,然后加入马来海松酸,室温下搅拌处理30-50min,随后加入氨基聚硅氧烷,并升温至70-90℃,搅拌反应3-6h,反应结束后冷却至室温,将反应液过滤,并依次采用无水乙醇、去离子水洗涤沉淀,干燥后得到改性阻燃填料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述二硫化钼粉末、六氯三聚磷腈的质量比为1:(0.1-0.5)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述二硫化钼/聚磷腈纳米杂化填料、马来海松酸、氨基聚硅氧烷的质量比为10:(10-15):(2-3)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:所述聚烯烃树脂为PP、PE、POE、EVA中的一种或多种混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:所述改性聚硅氧烷为聚合物接枝超高分子量有机硅,所述聚合物为PE、EVA、EMA、EEA、POE中的一种或多种混合物;所述超高分子量有机硅分子量为8-150万。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:所述长链烷基硅油的碳数为8-30,分子量为2000-50000。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒,其特征在于:所述聚合物加工助剂为含氟聚合物PPA,其粒径<250μm。
10.根据权利要求1至9任一所述的一种用于改善低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃线缆口模析出的硅酮母粒的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)按配比称取聚烯烃树脂、聚有机硅氧烷、改性聚硅氧烷、长链烷基硅油、硅树脂、聚合物加工助剂和改性阻燃填料,将称好的原料放入捏合机内搅拌均匀,搅拌时间为8-15min,得到预混物;
2)将预混物通过锥双喂料机加入到双螺杆挤出机中,控制双螺杆挤出机的温度为160-220℃,熔融挤出,切粒、脱水得到硅酮母粒。
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CN118325338A (zh) * | 2024-04-18 | 2024-07-12 | 高州市兆翔新材料有限公司 | 一种阻燃硅酮母粒及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118325338B (zh) * | 2024-04-18 | 2024-09-10 | 高州市兆翔新材料有限公司 | 一种阻燃硅酮母粒及其制备方法和应用 |
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