CN112341568B - 一种体育器材用含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种体育器材用含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112341568B
CN112341568B CN202011227859.8A CN202011227859A CN112341568B CN 112341568 B CN112341568 B CN 112341568B CN 202011227859 A CN202011227859 A CN 202011227859A CN 112341568 B CN112341568 B CN 112341568B
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maleimide
azobenzene
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徐培明
王伟
宗传永
翟丛丛
毛德伟
于飞
赵建民
耿梦娇
史凯丽
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Shandong Sports Goods Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Institute
Shandong Taishan Sports Goods Engineering Technology Research Center Co ltd
Taishan Sports Industry Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种体育器材用含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物及其制备方法。本发明通过马来酸酐与4‑偶氮苯胺采用醋酸酐和无水乙酸钠催化体系反应得到MAB;再将MAB与含氟单体、引发剂、溶剂混合反应最终得到本发明的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物。本发明将具有光响应性的偶氮苯基与具有疏水性的马来酰亚胺进行合成得到含偶氮苯基马来酰亚胺,再将其与具有较好的耐化学腐蚀性的含氟化合物进行共聚,共聚物具有出色的光响应性,大大提高了含氟聚合物的使用范围,并将聚合物用于体育用品纺织的涂覆,具有较好的耐酸碱腐蚀效果,具有较好的应用前景。

Description

一种体育器材用含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物及其制 备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,特别是涉及一种含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
含氟材料具有优异的耐高温、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀等性能,广泛应用于石油化工,航空航天、涂料等领域。偶氮苯基团是一种光响应性官能团,在紫外可见光刺激下能够快速实现结构的异构化,而且光刺激是一种无污染绿色环保的一种刺激手段,偶氮苯是用来制备功能材料的一种重要官能团。马来酰亚胺作为中间体,广泛应用于医药、农业化学品、染料、工程高分子材料等生产领域。马来酰亚胺结构中的五元环上具有1,2-二取代乙烯基,这一碳碳双键负电性很强。这一特点使得RMI在适当条件下可以通过多种聚合机理进行共聚反应,例如自由基聚合,阴离子聚合,稀土催化聚合等。近年来,关于含氟聚合物的研究主要集中于利用氟材料的耐腐蚀、耐酸碱、耐紫外等领域,而对于含氟功能聚合物的报道比较少见。因此合成含有光响应性的偶氮苯基的含氟聚合物材料对进一步拓宽含氟材料的应用范围具有较深远的意义。基于此,将需要制备一种含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物,对进一步拓宽含氟材料的应用具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供一种含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物及其制备方法。大大提高了含氟聚合物的使用范围,使其具有光响应性,拓展了含氟聚合物的应用范围,使其能够用于体育器材的防腐蚀。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
本发明的第一方面,提供含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将马来酸酐溶解在丙酮中得到马来酸酐丙酮溶液,4-偶氮苯胺溶解在丙酮中得到4-偶氮苯胺丙酮溶液,并将其逐滴加入马来酸酐丙酮溶液中室温下反应,反应结束后旋蒸得到黄色固体;将黄色固体与无水乙酸钠、乙酸酐和四氢呋喃混合,加热并进行回流反应,反应结束后冷却至室温,再加入去离子水,搅拌产生黄色固体,抽滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺与含氟单体、引发剂、溶剂混合,氮气保护下加热反应,反应结束后冷却至室温,在乙醇中沉淀,抽滤得到黄色固体粉末,真空干燥得到含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述马来酸酐与丙酮的加入量之比为100~120mmol:280~320mL;所述4-偶氮苯胺与丙酮的加入量之比为90~110mmol:50~70mL。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述马来酸酐、4-偶氮苯胺、无水乙酸钠和乙酸酐的摩尔比为110:100:50:(100~110);所述乙酸酐与四氢呋喃的加入量之比为100~110mmol:300mL。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述室温下的反应时间为1.5~2.5h。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述加热的温度为55~65℃,回流反应的时间为5~7h。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述真空干燥的温度为55~65℃。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺、含氟单体与溶剂的加入量之比为0.02 mol:0.004mol:(25~30)g;所述引发剂的用量占单体总摩尔量的0.1~5%。
优选的,所述溶剂为DMF、四氢呋喃、DMSO或1,4-二氧六环;所述含氟单体为甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸八氟戊酯或甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯,所述引发剂为AIBN、BPO或TBPPI。
更为优选的,所述溶剂为DMF;所述含氟单体为甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯;所述引发剂为AIBN。
优选的,步骤(2)中,所述加热反应的反应温度为55~65℃,反应时间为7~9h。
本发明的第二方面,提供上述的制备方法制备得到的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物。
本发明的第三方面,提供上述含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物在体育器材防腐蚀中的应用。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.本发明将具有光响应性的偶氮苯基与具有疏水性的马来酰亚胺进行合成得到含偶氮苯基马来酰亚胺,通过对现有制备方法进行改进,采用醋酸酐和无水乙酸钠催化体系,对后处理进行改进,得到了高产率的偶氮苯基马来酰亚胺;并且提高了含偶氮苯基马来酰亚胺的产率。再将其与具有较好的耐化学腐蚀性的含氟化合物进行共聚,经紫外分析,共聚物具有出色的光响应性,大大提高了甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)的使用范围,具有较好的应用前景。
2.本发明的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物浸染布料后,可使布料具有耐酸碱的性能。使布料在pH值在1~12的环境中,仍不褪色。本发明的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物可用于体育器材的耐酸碱、防腐蚀。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的 MAB的核磁氢谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物的核磁氢谱谱图;
图3为实施例1制备的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物的傅里叶变换红外,其中,虚线的为均聚物PTFEMA的红外谱图,黑色实线为聚合物P(MAB-co-TFEMA)的红外光谱图,由图可知,在1720cm-1处出现了马来酰亚胺结构中羰基的吸收峰,而在1595 cm-1也出现了偶氮苯基的红外吸收峰,由此证明,在聚合物中有偶氮苯基马来酰亚胺官能团,成功的制备了含氟偶氮聚合物。
图4为实施例1制备的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物在紫外光照射下的紫外吸收曲线(THF溶液)。
图5为实施例1制备的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物在可见光照射下的紫外吸收曲线(THF溶液)。
图6中a为样品织物耐酸碱(pH值从1到12)浸染48h后样品照片;b为样品植物耐酸碱后的颜色变化。
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本申请的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本申请的技术方案。如果实施例中未注明的实验具体条件,通常按照常规条件,或者按照试剂公司所推荐的条件;下述实施例中所用的试剂、耗材等,如无特殊说明,均可通过商业途径获得。
实施例1
1. N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺(MAB)的制备
马来酸酐(110mmol)、丙酮(300 mL)在磁力搅拌下溶解,4-偶氮苯胺(100 mmol)先溶解在丙酮(60 mL)中,逐滴滴入含有马来酸酐的丙酮溶液中,逐渐生成淡黄色的沉淀物,控制室温反应2小时,反应结束后旋蒸得到黄色固体;向黄色固体中加入无水乙酸钠(50mmol),乙酸酐(105 mmol),四氢呋喃(300mL)将反应体系加热到60 ℃,回流反应6小时;反应结束后,冷却至室温,将上述溶液加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌,有大量黄色固体产生,抽滤,用去离子水重新洗涤2次,真空干燥(60℃),称重,产率达90%;
2. 含氟功能聚合物的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入TFEMA(0.02 mol),MAB(0.004mol),AIBN(3wt%),DMF(27g),加入氮气保护,在70℃下反应8小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,在乙醇中沉淀,抽滤得到黄色固体粉末,真空干燥(产率87%)。
图4为聚合物四氢呋喃溶液在紫外照射下的吸收曲线,由图可知,在紫外光的照射下,吸光度在350nm逐渐下降,而在440nm处的吸光度逐渐升高,这是由于在紫外光的照射下,偶氮苯的反式结构逐渐变为顺式结构。而图5为聚合物溶液在可见光的照射下的吸收曲线,由图可知,在可见光的照射下,吸光度在350nm处逐渐变大,而在440nm处逐渐变小,这是由于顺式结构在可见光的照射下逐渐变为更稳定的反式结构。通过不停的调换紫外光和可见光对聚合物溶液的照射,使得聚合物溶液不断形成由反式到顺式、再由顺式到反式结构的可逆变化。
实施例2
1. N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺(MAB)的制备
马来酸酐(100mmol)、丙酮(280mL)在磁力搅拌下溶解,4-偶氮苯胺(110 mmol)先溶解在丙酮(70 mL)中,逐滴滴入含有马来酸酐的丙酮溶液中,逐渐生成淡黄色的沉淀物,控制室温反应1.5小时,反应结束后旋蒸得到黄色固体;向黄色固体中加入无水乙酸钠(50mmol),乙酸酐(100 mmol),四氢呋喃(300mL)将反应体系加热到65℃,回流反应5小时;反应结束后,冷却至室温,将上述溶液加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌,有大量黄色固体产生,抽滤,用去离子水重新洗涤2次,真空干燥(65℃),称重,产率达85%;
2. 含氟功能聚合物的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入TFEMA(0.02 mol),MAB(0.004mol),BPO(1wt%),四氢呋喃(25g),加入氮气保护,在70℃下反应8小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,在乙醇中沉淀,抽滤得到黄色固体粉末,真空干燥(产率81%)。
实施例3
1. N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺(MAB)的制备
马来酸酐(110mmol)、丙酮(320mL)在磁力搅拌下溶解,4-偶氮苯胺(90 mmol)先溶解在丙酮(50 mL)中,逐滴滴入含有马来酸酐的丙酮溶液中,逐渐生成淡黄色的沉淀物,控制室温反应2.5小时,反应结束后旋蒸得到黄色固体;向黄色固体中加入无水乙酸钠(50mmol),乙酸酐(110 mmol),四氢呋喃(300mL)将反应体系加热到55℃,回流反应7小时;反应结束后,冷却至室温,将上述溶液加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌,有大量黄色固体产生,抽滤,用去离子水重新洗涤2次,真空干燥(55℃),称重,产率达87%;
2. 含氟功能聚合物的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入TFEMA(0.02 mol),MAB(0.004mol),TBPPI(5wt%),DMSO(30g),加入氮气保护,在70℃下反应8小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,在乙醇中沉淀,抽滤得到黄色固体粉末,真空干燥(产率83%)。
实施例4
1. N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺(MAB)的制备
马来酸酐(110mmol)、丙酮(300 mL)在磁力搅拌下溶解,4-偶氮苯胺(100 mmol)先溶解在丙酮(60 mL)中,逐滴滴入含有马来酸酐的丙酮溶液中,逐渐生成淡黄色的沉淀物,控制室温反应2小时,反应结束后旋蒸得到黄色固体;向黄色固体中加入无水乙酸钠(50mmol),乙酸酐(105 mmol),四氢呋喃(300mL)将反应体系加热到60 ℃,回流反应6小时;反应结束后,冷却至室温,将上述溶液加入去离子水中,磁力搅拌,有大量黄色固体产生,抽滤,用去离子水重新洗涤2次,真空干燥(60℃),称重,产率达90%;
2. 含氟功能聚合物的制备
在100mL单口烧瓶中加入甲基丙烯酸八氟戊酯(0.02 mol),MAB(0.004mol),AIBN(3wt%),DMF(27g),加入氮气保护,在70℃下反应8小时,反应结束后冷却至室温,在乙醇中沉淀,抽滤得到黄色固体粉末,真空干燥(产率85%)。
说明:实施例1~4中,引发剂的用量单位以wt%表示,表示引发剂的用量占全部单体总摩尔的百分比。
应用例
本发明的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物浸染布料后,可使布料具有耐酸碱的性能。
浸染过程:
将实施例1制备的含氟聚合物溶于四氢呋喃溶液中,配成浓度为5-10wt%的溶液,将布料浸于溶液中20分钟并超声处理,使聚合物均与稳定的粘附在布料表面,结束后将布料取出,在烘箱中烘干(温度60-80℃)。
浸染后的布料耐酸碱测试,置于不同PH的溶液中48小时,未有褪色等现象的发生,见图6(a),说明具有较好的耐酸碱性能。
在浸泡后未发现样品有褪色现象,不同PH的溶液颜色几乎和之前一样,见图6(b),说明浸染的织物除了具有耐酸碱性能之外,还很好的粘附在布料表层,具有较好的附着性能,可用于体育器材防腐。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将马来酸酐溶解在丙酮中得到马来酸酐丙酮溶液,4-偶氮苯胺溶解在丙酮中得到4-偶氮苯胺丙酮溶液,并将其逐滴加入马来酸酐丙酮溶液中室温下反应,反应结束后旋蒸得到黄色固体;将黄色固体与无水乙酸钠、乙酸酐和四氢呋喃混合,加热并进行回流反应,反应结束后冷却至室温,再加入去离子水,搅拌产生黄色固体,抽滤,洗涤,真空干燥得到N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺与含氟单体、引发剂、溶剂混合,氮气保护下加热反应,反应结束后冷却至室温,在乙醇中沉淀,抽滤得到黄色固体粉末,真空干燥得到含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述马来酸酐与丙酮的加入量之比为100~120mmol:280~320mL;所述4-偶氮苯胺与丙酮的加入量之比为90~110mmol:50~70mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述马来酸酐、4-偶氮苯胺、无水乙酸钠和乙酸酐的摩尔比为110:100:50:(100~110);所述乙酸酐与四氢呋喃的加入量之比为100~110mmol:300mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述室温下的反应时间为1.5~2.5h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述加热的温度为55~65℃,回流反应的时间为5~7h,所述真空干燥的温度为55~65℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述N-(偶氮苯基)马来酰亚胺、含氟单体与溶剂的加入量之比为0.02mol:0.004mol:(25~30)g;所述引发剂的用量占全部单体总摩尔量的0.1~5%。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为DMF、四氢呋喃、DMSO或1,4-二氧六环;所述含氟单体为甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸八氟戊酯或甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯,所述引发剂为AIBN、BPO或TBPPI。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述加热反应的反应温度为65~75℃,反应时间为7~9h。
9.权利要求1~8中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物。
10.权利要求9所述的含偶氮苯马来酰亚胺基的含氟聚合物在体育器材防腐蚀中的应用。
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