CN112341290A - Microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The microbial fertilizer for rice in saline-alkali land consists of strain WH2, strain WH4, strain WH8, strain WH18, sugar filtering mud produced with ardealite and sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder and magnesium powder. The manufacturing process of the microbial fertilizer comprises the following steps: WH2, WH4, WH8 and WH18 strains are mixed into WH flora according to a proportion, secondary strain culture is carried out on the WH flora, and finally phosphogypsum and sulfur-method sugar filter mud or crop straws, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder, magnesium powder and active bran fungi of the WH flora are mixed according to a formula, fermented for 10-15 days at normal temperature, crushed and packaged to prepare the microbial fertilizer. The microbial fertilizer can prevent soil hardening, adjust the pH value of the soil, reduce the alkalization degree of the soil, increase the content of organic matters in the soil, has good transformation effect on saline-alkali soil, improves the disease resistance of crops, and improves the quality of the crops.

Description

Microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biofertilizer preparation, in particular to a microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice and a preparation method thereof.

Background

China has wide inland saline-alkali soil, but leaves the impression of no land for people. The inland saline-alkali soil has large salt content, high underground water level, low contents of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus, unbalanced nutrient elements, poor physical and chemical properties of the soil and easy waterlogging in spring drought and summer. Inland saline-alkali soil generally mainly contains sodium sulfate, the pH value of the soil rarely exceeds 9.0, and the main harm is that the salt content in the soil is too high. Because the harm of sulfate radicals to crop roots is less than that of chloride ions, if the salt content is reduced to be within 0.5%, crops such as rice, wheat, cotton, sweet potatoes, sunflowers, Hami melons, watermelons, tomatoes, corns, soybeans and the like can be planted. Inland saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in northwest areas, and the occupied area of Xinjiang is large.

The treatment and improvement of saline-alkali soil are a worldwide difficult problem. China is a big country with saline-alkali land, the saline-alkali land has the remarkable characteristics of large area, wide distribution, large cultivated land occupation ratio and the like, and the research and the improvement of the utilization of the saline-alkali land have great significance for ensuring the ecological safety of China, especially ensuring the total balance of cultivated land.

Based on the existing naturally-surviving wild rice with high saline-alkali resistance, the genetic engineering technology is utilized to breed rice varieties which can be popularized in industrialization, can normally grow under the condition of seawater irrigation with salinity of not less than 1 percent and can reach the yield of 200-300 kg/mu. There are 9.5 hundred million hectares of saline and alkaline land worldwide, of which 1 hundred million hectares (15 hundred million acres) can be developed and utilized in China, and 2.8 hundred million acres.

The fertilization of rice is a very complicated problem, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are nutrient elements which are needed by rice in large quantity and are lacked in soil, so that proper fertilizer varieties, fertilizing amount, fertilizing time and fertilizing method need to be determined according to the characteristics of rice varieties, soil, climate and the like, so that the applied fertilizer obtains the highest utilization rate and the best economic benefit, and further, the purposes of high yield, high efficiency and high quality are achieved. However, at present, the seawater rice fertilizer suitable for inland saline-alkali soil is still lacked in China, and meanwhile, a conditioning matching technology for improving and stabilizing fertilizer efficiency is also lacked. Therefore, how to improve fertilization technology, increase the yield of seawater rice and improve saline-alkali soil is becoming increasingly important and urgent.

The phosphogypsum contains nutrient elements required by the growth of crops such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, silicon, sulfur and the like, provides surplus effective phosphorus, effective calcium and nutrient elements required by the growth of the crops, improves the growth environment of the crops and has a certain effect on the yield increase of the crops. The main component of the phosphogypsum is calcium sulfate, and a small amount of phosphoric acid is contained, so that alkaline soil can be neutralized, and nutrient elements such as calcium ions can be provided. Research shows that calcium ions in phosphogypsum can replace sodium ions of alkaline soil, sodium-clay is changed into calcium-clay, and generated Na₂SO₄Washed away, the sodium ions are gradually reduced, and the effect of rapid desalination and dealkalization is achieved. For crops requiring loose soil in the growing environment, the phosphogypsum is applied to the soil, so that the soil can be loosened, and the planting capacity of the soil is improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein WH flora contained in the microbial fertilizer is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant microorganisms, sugar filter mud prepared by a phosphogypsum method and a sulfur method or crop straws, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder and magnesium powder are used as life carriers of the microbial WH flora, and the microbial fertilizer is applied to form humus through microbial decomposition and conversion, so that the buffering capacity of soil can be improved, sodium humate can be formed through the action of sodium carbonate, and the salt content of the soil can be reduced. The sodium humate can also stimulate the growth of crops and enhance the salt resistance. The humus can promote the formation of granular structure, thereby increasing the porosity, enhancing the water permeability, facilitating the leaching of salt and inhibiting the salt return. In the decomposition process of the organic matters, a large amount of organic acids are generated, so that on one hand, the alkalinity of soil can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the slow-acting nutrient conversion is promoted, and the phosphorus effectiveness is improved. Therefore, the application of the microbial fertilizer is an important measure for improving saline-alkali soil and improving soil fertility.

The technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows: a microorganism suitable for rice in saline-alkali soil is prepared from Bacillus Subtilis with the preservation number of CGMCC number 0395.2 and named as WH 2; bacillus Licheniformis (Bacillus Licheniformis), with the preservation number of CGMCC number 0395.4 and the name of WH4 strain; streptomyces fradiae (Streptomyces fradiae) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.2166 and the name of WH8 strain; streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus) with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.7066 and the name of WH 18.

The microbial fertilizer prepared by the microorganisms and suitable for saline-alkali soil rice mainly comprises WH2 strain, WH4 strain, WH8 strain, WH18 strain, phosphogypsum, sugar filter mud prepared by a sulfur method or crop straw, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder and magnesium powder.

The microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice contains the following strains in percentage by weight:

(1) WH2 strain: 10-40%; (2) WH4 strain: 8 to 35 percent

(3) WH8 strain: 15-50%; (4) WH18 strain: 7-40%.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice, which comprises the steps of strain culture and preparation, and the method comprises the following process steps:

(1) mixing WH2 strain, WH4 strain, WH8 strain and WH18 strain in the weight percentage to form WH flora;

(2) the WH flora secondary culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

35-45% of active organic material; 35-45% of rice bran; 15-17% of soybean meal; 0.5-2.0% of milk powder; 1-2 parts of fish meal; 0.5-1.5% of sugar; the rest water;

(3) and (3) secondary strain culture: firstly, mixing and uniformly stirring a WH flora secondary culture medium according to the formula, inoculating the WH flora at normal temperature, culturing the secondary culture medium at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, the pH value of 6.0-8.0 for 7-16 days, and obtaining active bran bacteria of the WH flora after the secondary culture medium is cultured to be mature, wherein the number of the active bran bacteria is 8-40 hundred million/g;

(4) mixing phosphogypsum, sugar-making filter mud by a sulfur method or active bran bacteria of crop straws, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder, magnesium powder and WH flora according to the following weight percentage formula, fermenting for 10-15 days at normal temperature, crushing and packaging to prepare the saline-alkali soil rice microbial fertilizer;

20-55% of phosphogypsum;

preparing 15-58% of sugar filter mud or crop straw by using a sulfur method;

1-8% of phosphorus;

1.2-12% of nitrogen;

1.3-13% of potassium;

3-15% of silicon powder;

1-4% of magnesium powder;

2.5-7% of active bran bacteria of WH flora.

The invention relates to a microbial fertilizer which is prepared by a bioengineering technology and is suitable for saline-alkali soil rice, and the WH flora is used for neutralizing the saline-alkali soil to improve the supply condition of soil nutrients. The microbial fertilizer is compounded by strictly screened various microbes beneficial to crops after pure culture, and can eliminate soil hardening after being applied to saline-alkali soil, which is mainly due to the fact that various bactericides of WH flora promote dissolution and release of insoluble nutrients in the soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects:

(1) after the microbial fertilizer is applied to saline-alkali soil, humus is formed through microbial decomposition and conversion, the buffering capacity of the soil can be improved, and the humus can react with sodium carbonate to form sodium humate, so that the alkalinity of the soil is reduced. The sodium humate can also stimulate the growth of crops and enhance the salt resistance.

(2) The humus transformed by the microbial fertilizer can promote the formation of granular structures, so that the porosity is increased, the water permeability is enhanced, the salt leaching is facilitated, and the salt return is inhibited.

(3) Organic acid is generated in the decomposition process of the organic matters, so that on one hand, the alkalinity of soil can be neutralized, on the other hand, the nutrient decomposition can be accelerated, the slow-acting nutrient conversion is promoted, and the phosphorus effectiveness is improved.

(4) The microbial fertilizer can be directly absorbed by crops when being applied to saline-alkali soil under the action of WH flora, can remarkably relieve the stress of salt on rice, improves the yield and benefit of the rice, and has obvious yield increase and income increase.

(5) The microbial fertilizer treats the phosphogypsum through biological dry fermentation, and solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the phosphogypsum.

(6) The crop straw used by the microbial fertilizer solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by burning the straw.

The name, address, date and number of the biological material sample preservation unit and the classification name of the biological material are as follows:

Detailed Description

The invention is illustrated in further detail by the following examples.

Example 1

The microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice contains main components of WH2 strain, WH4 strain, WH8 strain, WH18 strain, phosphogypsum, sugar filter mud prepared by a sulfur method or crop straw, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder and magnesium powder.

Among the microorganisms, the strain WH2 is Bacillus Subtilis with the preservation number of CGMCC number 0395.2; the WH4 strain is Bacillus Licheniformis (Bacillus Licheniformis), and the preservation number is CGMCC number 0395.4; the WH8 strain is Streptomyces fradiae (Streptomyces fradiae), and the preservation number is CGMCC number 2166; the WH18 strain is Streptomyces microflavus (Streptomyces microflavus), and the preservation number is CGMCC number 7066.

The microbial fertilizer contains the following strains in percentage by weight:

(1) WH2 strain: 10 percent; (2) WH4 species: 45 percent;

(3) WH8 strain: 5 percent; (4) WH18 species: 40 percent.

The preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the steps of strain culture and preparation, and the process steps are as follows:

(1) the WH2 strain, the WH4 strain, the WH8 strain and the WH18 strain are uniformly mixed according to the weight percentage to form a WH flora;

(2) the formula (weight percentage) of the WH flora secondary culture medium is as follows:

35% of active organic material, 45% of rice bran, 16% of soybean meal, 0.5% of milk powder, 1.5% of fish meal, 1% of sugar and the balance of water;

(3) culturing secondary strain, mixing and stirring a WH flora secondary culture medium according to the formula, inoculating the WH flora at normal temperature, culturing for 7 days at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 7.0 of pH value, and obtaining active bran bacteria of the WH flora with viable bacteria content of 30 hundred million/g after the culture is mature;

(4) mixing phosphogypsum and active bran bacteria of a sulfur method sugar filter mud, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder, magnesium powder and WH flora according to the following formula, fermenting for 10-15 days at normal temperature, crushing and packaging to prepare the microbial fertilizer:

20% of phosphogypsum;

58% of sugar filter mud prepared by a sulfur method;

1% of phosphorus;

1.2 percent of nitrogen;

8.8 percent of potassium;

3% of silicon powder;

1% of magnesium powder;

active chaff fungus of WH flora 7%.

The filter mud produced by the sulfur method is waste produced in the sugar production process of a sugar mill, and each timeAbout 1 ton of sludge is discharged for 1 ton of sugar production. The filter mud produced by the sulfur method is one of the massive byproducts in the sugar industry and is directly used for fertilizing fields or discarded for a long time. The main components are as follows: organic matter N, P₂O₅、K₂O, CaO, MgO, etc. The filter mud comprises the following main components in percentage by weight:

organic matter: 58.66N: 1.19

P₂O₅ ：1.24 K₂O：0.52

CaO：5.59 MgO：1.07。

The crop straw mainly comprises rice straw, wheat straw, corn straw, sorghum straw and the like.

Example 2

The microbial fertilizer of the embodiment is different from the microbial fertilizer of embodiment 1 in the following components:

1. the microbial fertilizer contains the following strains in percentage by weight:

(1) WH2 strain: 25 percent; (2) WH4 species: 28%;

(3) WH8 strain: 40 percent; (4) WH18 species: 7 percent.

2. The proportion (weight percentage) of the secondary strain culture medium is as follows: 40% of active organic material, 37% of rice bran, 17% of soybean meal, 1.5% of milk powder, 2% of fish meal, 1.5% of sugar and the balance of water.

3. The temperature of the secondary strain culture medium is 45 ℃, the pH value is 6.0, the culture time is 10 days, and the number of the contained viable bacteria can reach 8 hundred million/g.

4. Mixing phosphogypsum, crop straws, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder, magnesium powder and active bran bacteria of WH flora according to the following formula, fermenting at normal temperature for 10-15 days, crushing and packaging to prepare the microbial fertilizer:

55% of phosphogypsum;

15% of crop straw;

6 percent of phosphorus;

6.2 percent of nitrogen;

1.3 percent of potassium;

10% of silicon powder;

4% of magnesium powder;

2.5% of active bran bacteria of WH flora;

the proportions, parameters and process steps of the other components are the same as in example 1.

Example 3

The microbial fertilizer of the embodiment has the following different components and parameters from those of embodiment 1:

1. the microbial fertilizer contains the following strains in percentage by weight:

(1) WH2 strain: 50 percent; (2) WH4 species: 8 percent;

(3) WH8 strain: 22 percent; (4) WH18 species: 20 percent.

2. The proportion (weight percentage) of the secondary strain culture medium is as follows: 45% of active organic material, 35% of rice bran, 15% of soybean meal, 2% of milk powder, 1% of fish meal, 0.5% of sugar and the balance of water.

3. The temperature of the secondary strain culture medium is 30 ℃, the pH value is 8.0, the culture time is 16 days, and the number of the living bacteria can reach 40 hundred million/g.

4. Mixing phosphogypsum and active bran bacteria of a sulfur method sugar filter mud, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder, magnesium powder and WH flora according to the following formula, fermenting for 10-15 days at normal temperature, crushing and packaging to prepare the microbial fertilizer:

26 percent of phosphogypsum

20 percent of sugar filter mud prepared by a sulfur method

8 percent of phosphorus

12 percent of nitrogen

13 percent of potassium

15 percent of silicon powder

2 percent of magnesium powder

Active bran fungus of WH flora 4%

The proportions, parameters and process steps of the other components are the same as in example 1.

Example 4: application of one of the comparative examples

A place: "Qiqi haar city of Heilongjiang province" Canhayang farm (test soil salt concentration 0.3%)

A householder: li hong Feng (plum)

Crop: rice (Oryza sativa L.) with improved resistance to stress

The yield comparison is shown in Table 1, and the character comparison is shown in Table 2

Table 1: yield comparison test:

fertilization category project	Mu yield (kg/mu)	Contrast value (+, -)%)
			Conventional fertilization	547.0	/
The microbial fertilizer	614.5	+12.3%

Table 2: comparative test for fertility traits

The application test result of the Khatag farm (the soil salt concentration of the test field is 0.3%) in Qizihaer city of Heilongjiang province shows that: after the saline-alkali soil improvement technology is adopted, the yield of the rice is increased remarkably, the yield per mu of the rice in a treated field is 614.5 kilograms, the yield per mu of a control field is 547.0 kilograms, and the yield is increased by 12.3 percent.

Claims (4)

1. A microorganism suitable for saline-alkali soil rice, which is characterized in that: the microorganism is bacillus subtilis named as WH2 strain with the preservation number of CGMCC NO. 0395.2; the bacillus licheniformis is named as WH4 strain, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 0395.4; the streptomyces fradiae is named as WH8 strain, and the preservation number is CGMCC number 2166; streptomyces microflavus, named as WH18 strain, with the preservation number of CGMCC number 7066.

2. The microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice, which adopts the microorganism of claim 1, is characterized in that: the microbial fertilizer mainly comprises WH2 strain, WH4 strain, WH8 strain, WH18 strain, phosphogypsum, sugar filter mud prepared by a sulfur method or crop straw, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder and magnesium powder.

3. The microbial fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali soil rice as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the microbial fertilizer contains the following strains in percentage by weight:

(1) WH2 strain: 10-50%; (2) WH4 species: 8-45%;

(3) WH8 strain: 5-40%; (4) WH18 species: 7-40%.

4. A method for preparing the microbial fertilizer suitable for the rice in the saline-alkali soil according to the claim 2 or 3, which comprises strain culture and preparation, and is characterized in that:

(1) the WH2 strain, the WH4 strain, the WH8 strain and the WH18 strain are mixed evenly according to the weight percentage of claim 3 to form a WH flora;

(2) the WH flora secondary culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

35-45% of active organic material; 35-45% of rice bran; 15-17% of soybean meal; 0.5-2.0% of milk powder; 1-2% of fish meal; 0.5-1.5% of sugar; the rest water;

(3) and (3) secondary strain culture: firstly, uniformly mixing and stirring a WH flora secondary culture medium according to the formula, inoculating the WH flora at normal temperature, culturing the secondary culture medium at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, the pH value of 6.0-8.0 for 7-16 days, and obtaining active bran bacteria of the WH flora after the secondary culture medium is cultured and matured, wherein the active bran bacteria contain 8 hundred million-40 hundred million/g of viable bacteria;

(4) mixing phosphogypsum and active bran bacteria of sugar filter mud prepared by a sulfur method or crop straws, phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, silicon powder, magnesium powder and WH flora according to the following weight percentage formula, fermenting for 10-15 days at normal temperature, crushing and packaging to prepare the microbial fertilizer:

20-55% of phosphogypsum;

preparing 15-58% of sugar filter mud or crop straw by using a sulfur method;

1-8% of phosphorus;

1.2-12% of nitrogen;

1.3-13% of potassium;

3-15% of silicon powder;

1-4% of magnesium powder;

2.5-7% of active bran bacteria of WH flora.