CN101693641A - Compound bio-fertilizer containing ardealite and application thereof - Google Patents
Compound bio-fertilizer containing ardealite and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693641A CN101693641A CN200910233817A CN200910233817A CN101693641A CN 101693641 A CN101693641 A CN 101693641A CN 200910233817 A CN200910233817 A CN 200910233817A CN 200910233817 A CN200910233817 A CN 200910233817A CN 101693641 A CN101693641 A CN 101693641A
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Abstract
The invention provides a compound bio-fertilizer containing ardealite and application thereof. Compound bio-fertilizer is obtained through following steps: adjusting pH value of the ardealite to 4-5 via lime water, drying and crushing to 200-400 sections; drying animal manure, cutting crop straws into sections and then drying; mixing and fermenting the ardelite, the animal manure and the crop straws; controlling cultivation temperature to be at 28-32 DEG C after medium sterilization, sequentially inoculating various beneficial microorganisms, respectively cultivating the same, mixing mixed bacteria with prepared fermenting mixture by weight ratio of 1:300-1000 after completing cultivation, adding water to adjust water content to 35-45%, stirring the water , stacking the mixture for 3-5 days for co-fermentation, further adding water to adjust water content to 20-30%, and then crushing to obtain the compound bio-fertilizer. The compound bio-fertilizer is mainly applied to field crops and applied to improving saline-alkali soil, acid soil and coastal soil structures.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of phosphorous chemical industry utilization of waste as resource and produce composite bio-fertilizer and application, be specifically related to a kind of composite bio-fertilizer and application of phosphogypsum.
Background technology:
A large amount of solid slag---the phosphogypsum of generation in Wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) and the phosphate fertilizer process, the annual schaumgyps that approximately produces hundred million tons of 1-2.8 in the whole world does not add any processing usually and stacks ground, occupies and waste a large amount of land resourcess, and causes the serious environmental pollution.There are all kinds of phosphatic fertilizer company more than 400 families in China, annual ten thousand tons of the phosphogypsum slag 3000-5000 that produce, and these waste residues are usually unprocessed, stack ground, not only take a large amount of soils, and the pH value is very low simultaneously because of containing the various heavy element, contaminated soil and surrounding environment.The disposal of phosphogypsum all is a serious problem in the world wide at present, about schaumgyps less than 15% is used to make material of construction such as material of construction, brick, decorative sheet, cement, but these material of construction consumptions are limited, and need the second investment bigger, main is because contain natural radioactive element Ra and U etc. in the phosphogypsum, and being used for material of construction can produce serious radiological hazard to the human body of living and live in this class Architectural Equipment.EPA is categorized as phosphogypsum " the natural radio active material (TENORM) that exists of process strengthening ", and forbids utilizing phosphogypsum to produce material of construction since nineteen ninety, European Union since 1992 no longer approval use phosphogypsum production material of construction.Phosphogypsum is made soil improvement agent be used for agricultural, vast market and application prospect are arranged.
China's agricultural is typical resource constraint type industry, in recent years, population growth, urbanization are accelerated, non-agricultural exploitation takies and plough desertification, stony desertification and salinization etc., not only make China's agriculture production benefit reduce, plough and reduce year by year, and cause the exacerbated of resource and ecotope.On the one hand, 1,800,000,000 mu of arable land red lines are to the edge that is broken; On the other hand, China has 14.8 hundred million mu of saltings resources not to be utilized effectively as yet.China's saltings area accounts for 76% of national cultivated area, area, the landlocked saltings of China, restricted by natural condition such as soil alkaline degree, salt water type water quality and arid, natural resources is deficient relatively, the ecosystem is very fragile, as some areas such as northwest arid area, the Yellow River and Huai He River sea plain, east and the Three River Plain.Simultaneously Deposits in Eastern Coastal China has abundant beach resource can not develop and become good farmland kind plant because of containing very high salinity.
Exploitation saltings and coastal beach resource are the strategic demands that ensures national food safety and ecological safety.By on October 31st, 2006, China's cultivated area was 1,800,000,000 2,700 ten thousand mu only, and the situation of observing 1,800,000,000 mu of arable land bottom lines is very severe.When protecting existing the arable land, develop potential land resources, become the great strategic demand of China's agricultural development.Fall into disuse the saltings by development and use, the saltings strategy of administering is changed to the local area ecological comprehensive regulation by simple engineering control, make full use of land resources, developing rural economy, realize ecological, economical, societal benefits unification, have the important strategic meaning ensureing national food safety and national ecological environment security.
China's phosphate fertilizer industry and ten thousand tons of phosphogypsums of the annual by-product 3000-5000 of phosphoric acid industry, the overwhelming majority throws aside, and not only take a large amount of soils and stack, and contaminate environment, allow resource waste.This technology utilization ecological principle as a kind of renewable resources rather than be used as refuse and treat, is developed a circular economy phosphogypsum and the ecological economy.Recycling economy is a kind of economy of respecting and using ecological rule, and it is based upon on the closed flow process basis of " utilization of resources---green product---resource recovery ".New development pattern with the recycling economy representative is generally accepted by international community.Recycling economy turns to practice by the thought aspect in China.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to solve the problem of environmental pollution of phosphorous chemical industry refuse phosphogypsum and agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry, carry out the resource recycling of environmental pollutant, a kind of composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum is provided, this composite bio-fertilizer passes through suitability for industrialized production, industrial residue phosphogypsum, feces of livestock and poultry and agricultural wastes straw are carried out resource recycling, provide agriculture production required fertilizer, can improve and improve soil productivity, promote plant growth, improve crop quality.
The composite bio-fertilizer that another object of the present invention provides this phosphogypsum is in field crop and improve application on saline-alkali soil, acid soil and the tidal land Soil structure, has improved particularly microbial diversity and improved the biological activity of soil in saline-alkali soil, the tidal land soil of farmland.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following measure:
1, the residue phosphogypsum in chemical plant is regulated pH to 4-5 drying with liming, it is standby to be crushed to the 200-400 order then; With drying animal manure or dry the agricultural crop straw segment standby;
2, by weight with above-mentioned phosphogypsum powder that modulates and pretreated animal dung; Or with pretreated agricultural crop straw; Or mix with pretreated animal dung and agricultural crop straw, make mixture; The blended weight ratio is: phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry=30-50: 70-50; Phosphogypsum: agricultural crop straw=20-50: 80-50; Phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry: agricultural crop straw=30-50: 10-20: 60-30;
3, above-mentioned phosphogypsum, feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural crop straw mixture are thoroughly mixed thoroughly, added the water that accounts for mixture weight 35-65%;
4, the above-mentioned mixture that modulates banked up fermented, fermented summer 14-20 days, fermented in spring or autumn 25-35 days, fermenting mixture;
5, make substratum, make the back medium sterilization, the control culture temperature is 28-32 ℃, successively inoculates the multiple beneficial microorganism:
Inoculation earlier account for substratum weight 2.5-8% waxy Bacillus (Bacillus ceresus), account for the nitrobacteria (Nitromonosus spp.) of substratum weight 2-7% and account for the clostridium (Bacillus claustradium) of substratum weight 1.5-6.5%, cultivated 3-4 days; Inoculate bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) that accounts for substratum weight 2-8% and the jelly genus bacillus (Bacillusmucinoginosus) that accounts for substratum weight 2.2-6.8%, cultivated 2 days; Inoculate pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluorecens) that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5% and the pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas auroginosa) that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5%, cultivated 2-3 days; The 1.5-7% cyanobacteria (Cyanobacterium spp.) that inoculates the klebsiella (Klebesia) that accounts for substratum weight 1.5-6%, the rhodospirillum (Rhodospirillum spp.) that accounts for substratum weight 2-8%, the azotobacter chroococcum (Azotobacter vinelandii) that accounts for substratum weight 3-6% and account for substratum weight continues to cultivate 3-5 days; Inoculate Trichodermaharzianum Rifai (Trichoderma harzenum) that accounts for substratum weight 2-9% and the face of land sacculus mould (Glomusversiforme) that accounts for substratum weight 2-8.5% at last, continue again to cultivate 2 days;
6, cultivate finish after, with the fermenting mixture made in mixed bacterium and the above-mentioned steps (5) by weight 1: 300-1000 mixes, and adds water adjusting water content to 35-45%, thoroughly mixes thoroughly, banks up under the room temperature to carry out secondary in 3-5 days and ferment altogether; Dry then to water content and reach 20-30%, after the pulverizing powder mixture promptly get product.
Wherein, the collocation method of substratum is: by weight with 18-28% wheat bran, 15-19% rice bran, 3-8% rapeseed cake powder, 3-5% groundnut meal, 12-16% Semen Maydis powder, 0.5-0.8% sal epsom, 0.2-0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.2% potassium primary phosphate, be assigned to 100% with tap water, control pH is 5-7.The sterilising method of substratum is: place Autoclave to carry out high-temperature sterilization 50-65 minute substratum, temperature is 120-124 ℃ in the maintenance Autoclave, and pressure is 0.08-0.12Mpa; Take out sterilized substratum, be placed on the indoor cooling of aseptic inoculation, and placed 2-3 days; After the cooling, employing method last time is sterilized once again.
When the phosphogypsum mixture is banked up fermentation, pile high 1-1.5 rice, the long 20-30 rice in the end, wide 15-20 rice ferments with promotion with the plastic film covering and heat insulating all around, ferments summer 14-20 days, ferments in spring or autumn 25-35 days.Ferment after a week, or when the fermented substrate temperature at 15-20cm place in the every day heap reached 50 ℃, turning was immediately mixed thoroughly, in heaps once more, sealing and fermenting, the turning in summer is 5-7 time in the whole fermentation process, and spring and autumn, turning was 3-5 time; When fermented substrate heap temperature in heaps is stabilized in the 30-40 degree, no longer sharply rise the considerable change of fermented substrate smell, no longer be the feces of livestock and poultry stink or the agricultural crop straw smell of the life before the fermentation, but one feed smell that boils is arranged, when piling volume simultaneously and obviously dwindling, fermentation is finished.
The beneficial microorganism pseudomonas fluorescens that uses among the present invention, waxy Bacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostridium are phosphate solubilizing bacteria; False monospore bacillus, jelly genus bacillus, bacillus megaterium are potassium solubilizing bacteria; Klebsiella, azotobacter chroococcum are self vinelandii, can utilize and fixed air in molecule nitrogen, synthetic organonitrogen; Face of land sacculus is mould to be mycorrhizal fungi, a lot of crops can be arranged in the root symbiosis, mutually beneficial, promotes and increase absorption and the utilization of crop root to insoluble phosphorus, can suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the soil simultaneously, improves the resistibility of crop to germ; Trichodermaharzianum Rifai is a biocontrol microorganisms, the growth and breeding of a lot of pathogenic micro-organisms in the energy strongly inhibited soil; Photosynthetic bacterium comprises rhodospirillum, cyanobacteria, has the photoheterotrophy function, can be by luminous energy with the simple inorganics synthesis of organic substance in soil and the environment, and the molecule nitrogen in simultaneously also can fixed air, synthetic organonitrogen.
Contain abundant anti-continuous cropping, anti-disease microbial in the product of the present invention, can around crop root, fix and a large amount of breeding, suppress the pernicious bacteria in the soil, strengthen crop root vigor and rootability, promote the crop root prosperity, accelerate the formation of knot root nodule crop root nodule and growing of root system, slow with the root growth that other disease causes to crop because of long-term continuous cropping continuous cropping, dross is few, plant is short and small, and is withered and yellow, fallen leaves, floral leaf, physiological diseases such as fallen flowers have prevention effect.
Product of the present invention is a high-efficiency broad spectrum type multifunctional microbial preparation, contain the multiple beneficial microorganism simultaneously, be applicable to various crops, but the bacterial wilt that especially all plant peanut, soybean etc. is caused because of the continuous cropping continuous cropping, rust, damping-off, root rot, brown spot etc.; The sclerotium disease of Sunflower Receptacle, rust, verticillium, brown spot, gray mold, nutritional deficiency disease etc.; The root of hair that the continuous cropping of gramineous crop paddy rice causes is few, the growth slow, short and small, withered and yellow, the stiff seedling of plant, weak seedling, slow, the tikka of turning green, rice blast, leaf blight etc.; The blight that corn causes because of long-term continuous cropping, rust, oxyuriasis, smut disease, smut etc.; The blight that west muskmelon and various vegetables cause because of serious continuous cropping obstacle, damping-off, samping off, leaf spot, oidium, virus disease etc.; Mung bean, Semen Ormosiae Hosiei, rape etc. other as the damping-off that causes because of continuous cropping, sclerotium disease, black spot etc.; The various silborne fungal diseases that cotton, Chinese medicinal materials, tobacco, flowers etc. cause because of continuous cropping obstacle all have extremely strong prevention and restraining effect.Can strengthen the crop cell vigor after using soil, promote crop leaf photosynthesis, robust plant, take root dark, cold-resistant, drought resisting, resistant to lodging, premature senescence resistance, anti-continuous cropping, increase flower and fruit, increase output, improve quality.
Product of the present invention is applicable to field crops such as wheat, corn, soybean, paddy rice, cotton, and is applicable to cash crop such as peanut, potato, pachyrhizus, rape, garlic, Da Jiang, beet, fruit tree, vegetables.Have resistant to lodging, cold-resistant, disease and insect resistance and quick-acting, utilization ratio advantages of higher.Main as base manure, topdress, dash fertilising, can adopt spread fertilizer over the fields, spread manuer in holes, ditch spread, fruit tree be advisable according to the shadow circulating application according to tree crown.Keep the soil humidity with the back, according to different areas soil fertility situation and Soil structure situation, and the fertile characteristic of the happiness of different plants, adjust consumption.
The nutrient of product energy activating soil indissoluble of the present invention is kept soil from packing together, and excites soil vitality.Have fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing simultaneously, foster and apply fertilizer, disease-resistant function, except directly providing soil and the plant nutrient, can also improve utilization rate of fertilizer more than 40%.Product of the present invention is because of containing organic matters such as a large amount of feces of livestock and poultry and agricultural crop straw simultaneously, and life-time service can improve the crumb structure of soil, improves the soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability, helps the soil Sustainable development.
Contain various active functional microorganism bacterial strain in the product of the present invention, be rich in various trace elements and organic matters such as calcium, sulphur, zinc, selenium, iron, silicon simultaneously, crop absorbs fast, fertilizer efficiency is lasting, uses this product can make about crop yield 10%-15% generally speaking, if use on the lower soil of fertility such as saline-alkali soil, crop can be increased production more than the 20-150%, and after coastal beach newly opened up soil and use, crop can be increased production more than the 60-300%, is a kind of multifunction green fertilizer.Almost be applicable to various crops, as food crop, cash crop, gourd, fruit and vegetable, flowers, forest, tobacco, Chinese medicinal materials etc.
The following beneficial effect that the present invention has compared to existing technology:
1) the present invention adopts sequencing inoculation different strains, avoid inoculating simultaneously the competitive inhibitory effect each other that causes, improve unit bacterium number and the vigor of each single bacterium to greatest extent: azotobacter chroococcum with nitrogen fixation, klebsiella, photosynthetic bacterium is to the compound nitrogen sensitivity in the growing environment, compound nitrogen such as ammonium nitrogen are being arranged, under the existence of nitric nitrogen and amino nitrogen, suppress the growth of these nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, and peanut powder in the substratum and rapeseed cake powder contain a certain amount of protein, these protein can influence growing of nitrogen-fixing microorganism, rhodospirillum and cyanobacteria are facultative anaerobe simultaneously, under than the low oxygen content condition, grow better, therefore allow the aerobic microbiological inoculation grow earlier, consume the oxygen in the substratum, for the back photosynthetic bacterium growth is created anaerobic environment.Other microorganism among the present invention such as pseudomonas fluorescens, jelly genus bacillus, waxy Bacillus, clostridium, nitrobacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, the nitrogen compound that the bacillus megaterium necessary for growth is certain, otherwise poor growth, therefore earlier these are needed the microbial inoculant of nitrogenous compound to cultivate, allow it consume nitrogenous compound in culture medium, and then inoculation nitrogen-fixing microorganism, so neither influence the growth of non-nitrogen-fixing microorganism, do not influence the growth of nitrogen-fixing microorganism, harmonious coordination development each other yet.Simultaneously these bacterium are aerobic microbiologicals, necessary for growth oxygen, and therefore inoculation culture at first can make full use of the oxygen that substratum contains in early days.Inoculate the mould and Trichodermaharzianum Rifai of face of land sacculus at last, this is two kinds of fungies that resistance is extremely strong, fast growth, fecundity is strong, nutrition and competition for space function are strong, if inoculation too early, growth and breeding is too fast in substratum, can influence other microbial growth greatly, therefore be put into last inoculation growth.
2) the various bacterium of adopting among the present invention can be increase soil fertility: vinelandii such as klebsiella, azotobacter chroococcum can increase the sources of nitrogen in the soil; P and K decomposing bacterium such as waxy Bacillus, clostridium, bacillus megaterium, jelly genus bacillus, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa can be dissolved out phosphorus, the potassium of insoluble in the soil, increase the source of phosphorus, potassium element in the soil; Photosynthetic bacterium such as rhodospirillum, cyanobacteria secretion plant growth stimulating material promotes the growth of plant, secretes some antibacterial substances simultaneously, suppresses harmful microbe growth in the soil; Mycorrhizal fungi face of land sacculus is mould not only to have very strong effect aspect the mineral elements such as phosphorus, zinc and copper assisting crop to absorb, and the suction, water conservation that strengthen crop in addition are to improve the effect of crop drought resistance ability; Trichodermaharzianum Rifai can suppress in the soil growth and breeding of a lot of pathogenic micro-organisms, improves and safeguards the agricultural land soil micro-ecological environment.
3) titanium pigment that contains in the phosphogypsum that the present invention uses, it is the necessary nutrient element of plant-growth, contained calcium and sulphur also are the necessary elements of plant-growth, contained Trace Silicon, magnesium, copper, zinc, selenium are the necessary trace elements of plant growth, particularly phosphogypsum contains abundant calcium, it can improve the saltings, improves the soil seepage rate, is again the modifying agent of subsoils such as southern characteristic of acid red soil and yellow earth.Phosphogypsum tool acidity, in can be directly and the alkalescence in saltings, a large amount of calcium ions in the phosphogypsum can be the aluminium on the characteristic of acid red soil colloidal solid simultaneously, iron ion exchanges, thereby reduced because displacement property tart such as ferro-aluminum produce and the excess of aluminum element to the harm of crop, and calcic in the phosphogypsum, sulphur, silicon, plant nutrients such as phosphorus, can increase the nutrient in the soil, promote plant growth, the most important thing is, contain a large amount of calcium in the phosphogypsum, can will cause on saline-alkali soil and the tidal land soil colloid that a large amount of sodium ion that soil property worsens exchanges, form stable soil granular colloidal structure, help soil fertilizer, water conservation, ventilation, insulations etc., the productivity of raising soil can improve output and the quality of farm crop.
4) feces of livestock and poultry and the crop material of the present invention's employing are natural good organic fertilizer, can increase soil fertility and organic matter, improved soil nodule structure, increase the fertile water conservation of guarantor and the ventilation property of soil, safeguard the soil soil fertility, help agricultural sustainable development, can be after the soil microorganisms decomposition and inversion, the available nutrient that discharges and provide a considerable amount of plants directly to absorb satisfies the needs of plant growth, improves and improve crops quality.
5) the present invention reduces environmental pollution with residue phosphogypsum and the agricultural wastes feces of livestock and poultry and the crop material resource recycling of phosphatization factory.Utilize the microbiological processes technology to realize industrialization, large-scale production simultaneously, the easy artificial regulatory of working condition and production process, quality is controlled easily, and product can carry out serialization, mass production.The material that adopts is easy to get: phosphogypsum can be from all phosphate fertilizer plants, phosphoric acid factory obtains, and feces of livestock and poultry and agricultural crop straw are in the rural area in a large number as seen, be available anywhere, used beneficial microorganism comprises phosphate solubilizing bacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, waxy Bacillus, clostridium), potassium solubilizing bacteria (bacillus megaterium, the jelly genus bacillus, false monospore bacillus), self vinelandii (klebsiella, azotobacter chroococcum), nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium (rhodospirillum, cyanobacteria), mycorrhizal fungi (face of land sacculus is mould), biocontrol microorganisms (Trichodermaharzianum Rifai) can be from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, DSMZ of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong University, Wuhan University, Fudan University, Hua Zhong Agriculture University, colleges and universities and scientific research institutions' purchases such as Nanjing Information engineering Univ also can be bought from relevant agriculture university.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with example:
Example one:
One, phosphogypsum and organic fertilizer are handled:
1) residue phosphogypsum in chemical plant is regulated pH to 4-5 drying with liming, it is standby to be crushed to the 200-400 order then; With drying animal manure or dry the agricultural crop straw segment standby;
2) by weight with above-mentioned phosphogypsum powder that modulates and pretreated animal dung; Or with pretreated agricultural crop straw; Or mix with pretreated animal dung and agricultural crop straw, make mixture; The blended weight ratio is: phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry=30-50: 70-50; Phosphogypsum: agricultural crop straw=20-50: 80-50; Phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry: agricultural crop straw=30-50: 10-20: 60-30;
3) said mixture is thoroughly mixed thoroughly, added the water that accounts for mixture weight 35-65%; The said mixture that modulates banked up ferments, pile high 1-1.5 rice, the long 20-30 rice in the end, wide 15-20 rice, all around with the plastic film covering and heat insulating to promote fermentation, fermented summer 14-20 days, fermented in spring or autumn 25-35 days.Ferment after a week, or when the fermented substrate temperature at 15-20cm place in the every day heap reached 50 ℃, turning was immediately mixed thoroughly, in heaps once more, sealing and fermenting, the turning in summer is about 5-7 time in the whole fermentation process, and spring and autumn, turning was 3-5 time; When fermented substrate heap temperature in heaps is stabilized in the 30-40 degree, no longer sharply rise, the considerable change of fermented substrate smell, no longer be the feces of livestock and poultry stink or the agricultural crop straw smell of the life before the fermentation, but the feed smell that has one to boil, when piling volume simultaneously and obviously dwindling, fermentation is finished to such an extent that fermenting mixture is standby, is used for carrying out common fermentation with multiple microorganism mixed bacterium.
Two, beneficial microorganism is cultivated:
1,, comprises cultivation pool, koji tray, plastics bag, culturing room and cultivate room air with the culture environment thorough disinfection.
2, with substratum be by weight percentage: by weight with 18-28% wheat bran, 15-19% rice bran, 3-8% rapeseed cake powder, 3-5% groundnut meal, 12-16% Semen Maydis powder, 0.5-0.8% sal epsom, 0.2-0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.2% potassium primary phosphate, add tap water and be assigned to 100%, control pH is 5-7, make solid medium, solid medium is placed cultivation pool, koji tray or plastics bag.
3, packed above-mentioned raw materials is placed high-pressure sterilizing pot carried out high-temperature sterilization 50-60 minute, temperature is 120-124 ℃ in the maintenance Autoclave, and pressure is 0.08-0.12MPa.
4, take out sterilized packed substratum, be placed on the indoor cooling of aseptic inoculation, and placed 2-3 days.
5, will place 2-3 days the packed substratum of sterilization once more high-temperature sterilization once, method is killed the spore of surviving in sterilization process last time with 3, cooling.
6, behind the medium sterilization, the control culture temperature is 28-32 ℃, inoculation earlier account for substratum weight 2.5-8% waxy Bacillus, account for the nitrobacteria of substratum weight 2-7% and account for substratum weight 1.5-6.5% clostridium, cultivated simultaneously 3-4 days;
Inoculate the bacillus megaterium that accounts for substratum weight 2-8%, account for substratum weight 2.2-6.8% jelly genus bacillus, continue to cultivate 2 days;
Inoculate pseudomonas fluorescens that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5% and the pseudomonas aeruginosa that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5%, continue to cultivate 2-3 days;
Inoculate the rhodospirillum that accounts for substratum weight 1.5-6% klebsiella, account for substratum weight 2-8%, account for the azotobacter chroococcum of substratum weight 3-6% and account for the 1.5-7% cyanobacteria of substratum weight, continue to cultivate 3-5 days;
Last inoculation simultaneously accounts for the Trichodermaharzianum Rifai of substratum weight 2-9% and accounts for substratum weight 2-8.5% face of land sacculus mould, continue to cultivate about 2 days, be placed on during cultivation on the cultivation pool of culturing room or the culturing rack and cultivate, cultivate, after inoculation, plastics bag is evenly punched as plastics bag.
7, in cultivating klebsiella and clostridium process, do not stir substratum, because they are anaerobions, to oxygen sensitive, but when cultivating other microorganism, should stir 1-2 every day and stir plastics bag or koji tray, so that substratum is evenly ventilative, make full use of culture material in order to klebsiella and the even growth of clostridium.And self Azotobacter need not the turning ventilation in anaerobism or amphimicrobe in stacking culturing process.
Three, compound manure preparation:
After finishing, the equal inoculation culture of various microorganisms collects mixed bacterium (substratum is together with viable bacteria), be incorporated as phosphogypsum and the feces of livestock and poultry and the crop material fermenting mixture of mixed bacterium gross weight 300-1000 above-mentioned processing doubly, add water and regulate water content, carried out common fermentation under the room temperature in composting 3-5 days to 35-45%; Make Xiao Fangdui when banking up, the high about 1-1.5 rice of heap, the about 10-15 rice of bottom width, be about 15-20 rice, at room temperature carry out secondary and fermented altogether 3-5 days, collect the product mixing, dry, keep the about 20-30% of last moisture, get powder mixture after the pulverizing and be the finished product.The acting as of composting promotes further breeding and enlarge quantity of beneficial microorganism, promotes the conversion of relevant nutrient in phosphogypsum and feces of livestock and poultry and the crop material simultaneously, and allows beneficial microorganism adapt to the phosphogypsum environment gradually.
Embodiment two:
One, phosphogypsum and organic fertilizer are handled:
1) residue phosphogypsum in chemical plant is regulated pH to 5 after drying with liming, it is standby to be crushed to 400 orders then; Dry drying animal manure, agricultural crop straw segment standby;
2) by weight the above-mentioned phosphogypsum powder that modulates is mixed with pretreated animal dung and agricultural crop straw, make mixture; The blended weight ratio is: phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry: agricultural crop straw=40: 15: 45; Wherein: 2.4 tons of phosphogypsums, 0.9 ton of feces of livestock and poultry, 2.7 tons of agricultural crop straws.
3) thoroughly mix above-mentioned three thoroughly mixing, add 2.6 tons of water; The said mixture that modulates banked up ferment, fermented summer 14-20 days.Pile high 1.5 meters during fermentation, long 30 meters of the end, wide 20 meters, all around with the plastic film covering and heat insulating promoting fermentation, after the week of fermenting, or when the fermented substrate temperature at 15-20cm place reaches 50 ℃ in piling every day, turning immediately, mix thoroughly, in heaps once more, sealing and fermenting, the turning in summer is about 5-7 time in the whole fermentation process; When fermented substrate heap temperature in heaps is stabilized in the 30-40 degree, no longer sharply rise the considerable change of fermented substrate smell, no longer be the feces of livestock and poultry stink or the agricultural crop straw smell of the life before the fermentation, but one feed smell that boils is arranged, when piling volume simultaneously and obviously dwindling, the expression fermentation is finished.It is standby to get 8.5 tons of fermenting mixtures, is used for carrying out common fermentation with the multiple microorganism mixed bacterium of back.
Two, beneficial microorganism is cultivated:
When making substratum among the present invention: with 2Kg wheat bran, 1.5Kg rice bran, 0.3Kg rapeseed cake powder, 0.4Kg groundnut meal, 1.5Kg Semen Maydis powder, 0.05Kg sal epsom, 0.02Kg ferrous sulfate, 0.01Kg calcium chloride, 0.02Kg potassium primary phosphate, tap water 4.2Kg, make water content and be 42% solid medium, substratum gross weight 10Kg, pH are 5.8.Carry out twice sterilization after making, inoculate then.
Wherein the inoculation of various bacterium order and inoculum size are as follows:
1, inoculate waxy Bacillus 0.4kg earlier, nitrobacteria 0.3kg and clostridium 0.4Kg cultivated 3 days simultaneously;
2, inoculate bacillus megaterium 0.6Kg and jelly genus bacillus 0.6kg, continue to cultivate 2 days;
3, inoculate pseudomonas fluorescens 0.6Kg and pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.5Kg, continue to cultivate 3 days;
4, inoculate klebsiella 0.5Kg, rhodospirillum 0.8Kg, azotobacter chroococcum 0.4Kg and cyanobacteria 0.5Kg continue to cultivate 4 days;
5, inoculate mould 0.7kg of face of land sacculus and Trichodermaharzianum Rifai 0.6kg at last, continue to cultivate 2 days, obtain mixed bacterium 16.4Kg.
Three, after the cultivation, add 8.5 tons of the fermenting mixtures banked up in advance, add water and regulate water content to 40%, composting carried out secondary in 5 days and ferments altogether under the room temperature, its bank up method and fermenting process are collected the tunning mixing with embodiment 1, dry, keep last moisture about 25%, after the pulverizing powder mixture promptly get the finished product 8329Kg.
Application example of the present invention:
With the phosphogypsum, feces of livestock and poultry and the crop material that make among the present invention and the composite bio-fertilizer of multiple microorganism, be used for the improvement of saline-alkali soil, coastal beach soil and acid soil.
1, generally speaking, at saline and alkaline ground surface soil 0-5cm saltiness 10-20g/kg, on the saline-alkali soil of pH9-11 and saltiness the coastal beach soil greater than 8-25g/kg, at corn, 1-2 week before the wheat planting, every mu of composite bio-fertilizer 450-1000kg that spreads fertilizer over the fields the phosphogypsum that the present invention of soil table makes, make base manure, plough the soil, after planting water sufficient moisture, use about 500kg a left side again in the back one and a half months effect of emerging then and topdress, comparable contrast improves corn, wheat seedling rate and more than the surviving rate 150-300%, plant height increases 20-30%, more than the volume increase 240-400%, show more than the native saltiness decline 20-30%;
2, on acid soil, plant peanut, rye grass, before plantation 15-20 days, the composite bio-fertilizer 500-800kg that every mu of soil surface evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields phosphogypsum of the present invention makees base manure, plough then and mix thoroughly, using 200kg mid-term in growth does and topdresses, using on an equal basis under other composite fertilizer's condition, can improve a soil pH 0.05-0.15 unit, the quick-acting nitrogen of soil improve about 40%, soil quick-effective phosphor improves 55-100%, the soil available potassium improves 40-92%, and the crop new root increases 48-65%, and biomass increases 60-160%;
3, under the indoor pot experiment condition, use the composite bio-fertilizer of the phosphogypsum that the present invention makes by soil weight 0.1-5% consumption, mix thoroughly with basin soil, crops such as plantation rape, peanut, soybean, corn, cotton, cucumber, broad bean, after planting 30-45 days, the comparison of plant plant height does not wait according to increasing 13-77%, and biomass (plant complete stool fresh weight) comparison does not wait according to increasing 16-65%.
Claims (5)
1. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum is characterized in that, this composite bio-fertilizer is made by following steps:
1) residue phosphogypsum in chemical plant is regulated pH to 4-5 drying with liming, it is standby to be crushed to the 200-400 order then; With drying animal manure or dry the agricultural crop straw segment standby;
2) by weight with above-mentioned phosphogypsum powder that modulates and pretreated animal dung; Or with pretreated agricultural crop straw; Or mix with pretreated animal dung and agricultural crop straw, make mixture; The blended weight ratio is: phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry=30-50: 70-50; Phosphogypsum: agricultural crop straw=20-50: 80-50; Phosphogypsum: feces of livestock and poultry: agricultural crop straw=30-50: 10-20: 60-30;
3) said mixture is fully mixed thoroughly, added the water that accounts for mixture weight 35-65%;
4) said mixture that modulates banked up fermented, fermented summer 14-20 days, fermented in spring or autumn 25-35 days, fermenting mixture;
5) make substratum, behind medium sterilization, the control culture temperature is the following beneficial microorganism of gradation inoculation under 28-32 ℃ of condition:
A, inoculation earlier account for substratum weight 2.5-8% waxy Bacillus, account for the nitrobacteria of substratum weight 2-7% and account for the clostridium of substratum weight 1.5-6.5%, cultivated 3-4 days;
B, inoculate the bacillus megaterium that accounts for substratum weight 2-8% and account for the jelly genus bacillus of substratum weight 2.2-6.8%, cultivated 2 days;
C, inoculate pseudomonas fluorescens that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5% and the pseudomonas aeruginosa that accounts for substratum weight 2.5-7.5%, cultivated 2-3 days;
D, inoculate the klebsiella, the rhodospirillum that accounts for substratum weight 2-8% that account for substratum weight 1.5-6%, account for the azotobacter chroococcum of substratum weight 3-6% and account for the 1.5-7% cyanobacteria of substratum weight, continue to cultivate 3-5 days;
E, inoculate the Trichodermaharzianum Rifai that accounts for substratum weight 2-9% and to account for the face of land sacculus of substratum weight 2-8.5% mould at last, continue again to cultivate 2 days, collect mixed bacterium;
6) cultivate finish after, the fermenting mixture that mixed bacterium and the step 4) that obtains made is by weight 1: 300-1000 mixes, and adds water adjusting water content again to 35-45%, fully mixes thoroughly, banks up under the room temperature to carry out secondary in 3-5 days and ferment altogether; Dry then to water content and reach 20-30%, after the pulverizing powder mixture be a product.
2. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the collocation method of the substratum in the step 5) is: by weight with 18-28% wheat bran, 15-19% rice bran, 3-8% rapeseed cake powder, 3-5% groundnut meal, 12-16% Semen Maydis powder, 0.5-0.8% sal epsom, 0.2-0.6% ferrous sulfate, 0.1-0.5% calcium chloride, 0.05-0.2% potassium primary phosphate, add tap water and be assigned to 100%, control pH is 5-7.
3. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the sterilising method of substratum is in the step 5): place Autoclave to carry out high-temperature sterilization 50-65 minute substratum, temperature is 120-124 ℃ in the maintenance Autoclave, and pressure is 0.08-0.12Mpa; Take out sterilized substratum, be placed on the indoor cooling of aseptic inoculation, and placed 2-3 days; After the cooling, adopt and sterilize once again with quadrat method.
4. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when fermenting in the step 4), the above-mentioned mixture that modulates banked up ferment, pile high 1-1.5 rice, the long 20-30 rice in the end, wide 15-20 rice, ferment with promotion with the plastic film covering and heat insulating all around, fermented summer 14-20 days, fermented in spring or autumn 25-35 days; Ferment after a week, or when the fermented substrate temperature at 15-20cm place in the every day heap reached 50 ℃, turning was immediately mixed thoroughly, in heaps once more, sealing and fermenting, the turning in summer is 5-7 time in the whole fermentation process, and spring and autumn, turning was 3-5 time; When fermented substrate in heaps heap temperature is stabilized in 30-40 ℃, one feed smell that boils is arranged, when piling volume simultaneously and obviously dwindling, fermentation is finished.
5. the composite bio-fertilizer of phosphogypsum is in field crop and improve application on saline-alkali soil, sour earth and the tidal land Soil structure.
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| CN113185368A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-30 | 厦门市江平生物基质技术股份有限公司 | Matrix for improving honey pomelo orchard soil and application |
| CN115569974A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-01-06 | 湖北三峡实验室 | Method for progressive soil improvement of phosphogypsum storage yard and application thereof |
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