CN112340853B - 一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体及其制备方法,包括功能性微生物和导电水凝胶载体,所述功能性微生物为耐盐菌种;所述导电水凝胶载体为相容性导电杂化水凝胶,表面及内部均匀分布有磁性四氧化三铁颗粒和相容性物质。有益效果在于:通过导电水凝胶杂化的方式固定微生物,具有很好的三维多孔结构,相比于传统的生物包埋法,生物相容性更好,可以高效地固定更多的微生物,同时微生物与载体的结合更加牢固,凝胶的机械强度得到提高;四氧化三铁纳米颗粒能够在凝胶内部均匀分布,其掺杂导电水凝胶可以显著提高凝胶的电流密度,可以作为微生物电子传递的中介体,加强微生物的种间互营以及对有机污染物的降解能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高盐废水处理领域,具体涉及一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体及其制备方法。
背景技术
工业生产中很多环节会产生大量的高盐废水,如纺织、印染、石化、制革、制药、食品加工和海水利用等,而且这些废水中除含有高浓度无机离子外(如Na+、K+、Ca2+、SO42-和Cl-等),通常还会含有高浓度有机污染物。如不经过适当的处理直接排放,将会使收纳水体受到污染,甚至危害生态环境和人类健康。目前处理高盐废水的物化方法投资运行费用较高,易造成二次污染而难以在实际生产过程中推广应用。生物法因处理费用较低、应用范围广且不易造成二次污染而被广泛利用。
而由于无机盐会增加污水的密度,使活性污泥上浮,使用生物法处理高盐废水时不可避免地产生菌体流失和固液分离难等问题,固定化微生物技术可以通过物理、化学作用把游离的生物固定在限定区域,与传统的悬浮生物处理相比,能够纯化和保持高效菌种,但是目前传统的固定化微生物工艺是将微生物菌种用聚乙烯醇或海藻酸钠直接进行包埋,存在载体颗粒易破碎、传质阻力大、产气上浮及活性丧失大等缺陷,同时在高盐环境中,渗透压增加会导致微生物细胞脱水,降低微生物细胞的酶活性,对微生物有毒害作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于为了解决上述问题而提供一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体及其制备方法,旨在改善固定化载体的微生物负载量和传质性能,同时将相溶性物质与固定化细胞技术结合,从而改善微生物在高盐环境中的耐受力和传质性能,详见下文阐述。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
本发明提供的一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体,包括功能性微生物和导电水凝胶载体,所述功能性微生物为耐盐菌种;
所述导电水凝胶载体为相容性导电杂化水凝胶,表面及内部均匀分布有磁性四氧化三铁颗粒和相容性物质。
作为优选,所述微生物为嗜盐细菌、耐盐细菌和耐盐酵母菌中的一种或几种。
应用于上述一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将苯胺和植酸溶液溶解在聚乙烯醇溶液中,然后将混合溶液进行冷却得到溶液Ⅰ;
步骤2:将微生物菌液、相容性物质和四氧化三铁颗粒分散至步骤1中冷却后的溶液Ⅰ中得到溶液Ⅱ;
步骤3:将过硫酸铵溶解在去离子水中制备过硫酸铵溶液,并将溶液冷却后与溶液Ⅱ快速混合得到溶液Ⅲ,溶液Ⅲ进行反复的冷冻解冻后得到一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体。
作为优选,步骤1中的所述植酸溶液为杂化水凝胶载体的交联剂和掺杂剂,其质量分数为50%,所述苯胺和所述植酸的摩尔比为2:1到7:1。
作为优选,步骤1中的所述聚乙烯醇溶液的质量分数为4到6%,所述聚乙烯醇溶液与所述植酸溶液的体积比为2:1,所述溶液Ⅰ的冷却温度为4℃。
作为优选,步骤2中的所述相容性物质作为微生物的渗透保护剂,其成分为海藻糖、谷氨酸或甜菜碱等,所述相容性物质的质量浓度为100到300mg/L。
作为优选,步骤2中所述四氧化三铁颗粒的粒径为50到100nm,浓度为100到300mg/L,处理过程为:在20~35℃下超声分散30到60min,步骤2中所述溶液Ⅱ的冷却温度为4℃。
作为优选,步骤3中所述过硫酸铵溶液溶解后的摩尔浓度为1.25mol/L,加入所述过硫酸铵溶液的体积与所述苯胺溶液的体积比为2:1,所述过硫酸铵溶液的冷却温度为4℃。
作为优选,步骤3中所述溶液Ⅲ的冷冻温度为-20℃。
作为优选,所述溶液Ⅲ的处理过程为:待混合物完全固化后,重复解冻(4℃)和冷冻(-20℃)3次。
有益效果在于:1、本发明通过导电水凝胶杂化的方式固定微生物,具有很好的三维多孔结构,相比于传统的生物包埋法,生物相容性更好,可以高效地固定更多的微生物,同时微生物与载体的结合更加牢固,凝胶的机械强度得到提高;
2、四氧化三铁纳米颗粒能够在凝胶内部均匀分布,其掺杂导电水凝胶可以显著提高凝胶的电流密度,可以作为微生物电子传递的中介体,加强微生物的种间互营以及对有机污染物的降解能力;
3、在导电水凝胶掺杂的相容性物质可以有效地提高微生物的耐盐性,在高盐环境中,微生物可以吸收导电水凝胶中固定的相容性物质来抗衡外界较高的渗透压,减少细胞失水,稳定生物大分子结构,保持细胞以及胞内酶的活性;
4、通过细胞对导电水凝胶内相容性物质的吸收,可以进一步提高导电水凝胶的孔隙结构,提高传质效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的杂化水凝胶载体的制备流程图;
图2是制得的杂化水凝胶载体对高盐模拟废水处理过程中COD随时间变化情况的折线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
实施例一:
参见图1所示,一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将植酸配成质量分数为50%的溶液与1/5体积的苯胺溶解在4%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,然后将混合溶液冷却至4℃得到溶液Ⅰ;
步骤2:将粒径为50~100nm的四氧化三铁颗粒配成浓度为100mg/L的溶液并在20~35℃下超声分散30~60min,然后将含有嗜盐细菌、耐盐细菌和耐盐酵母菌的微生物菌液和甜菜碱以及分散后的四氧化三铁溶液加入到溶液Ⅰ中混匀搅拌得到溶液Ⅱ,溶液Ⅱ甜菜碱的质量浓度为100mg/L;
步骤3:将过硫酸铵溶解在去离子水中制备成摩尔浓度为1.25mol/L的硫酸铵溶液(体积为苯胺溶液的2倍),在过硫酸铵溶液冷却至4℃后与溶液Ⅱ快速混合得到溶液Ⅲ,溶液Ⅲ转移至-20℃环境中冷冻。当混合物完全固化后,重复解冻(4℃)和冷冻(-20℃)三次,即可得到一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体。
实施例二:
参见图1所示,一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将植酸配成质量分数为50%的溶液与1/2体积的苯胺溶解在4%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,然后将混合溶液冷却至4℃得到溶液Ⅰ;
步骤2:将粒径为50~100nm的四氧化三铁颗粒配成浓度为100mg/L的溶液并在20~35℃下超声分散30~60min,然后将含有嗜盐细菌、耐盐细菌和耐盐酵母菌的微生物菌液和甜菜碱以及分散后的四氧化三铁溶液加入到溶液Ⅰ中混匀搅拌得到溶液Ⅱ,溶液Ⅱ甜菜碱的质量浓度为200mg/L;
步骤3:将过硫酸铵溶解在去离子水中制备成摩尔浓度为1.25mol/L的硫酸铵溶液(体积为苯胺溶液的2倍),在过硫酸铵溶液冷却至4℃后与溶液Ⅱ快速混合得到溶液Ⅲ,溶液Ⅲ转移至-20℃环境中冷冻。当混合物完全固化后,重复解冻(4℃)和冷冻(-20℃)三次,即可得到一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体。
实施例三:
参见图1所示,一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将植酸配成质量分数为50%的溶液与1/2体积的苯胺溶解在4%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,然后将混合溶液冷却至4℃得到溶液Ⅰ;
步骤2:将粒径为50~100nm的四氧化三铁颗粒配成浓度为200mg/L的溶液并在20~35℃下超声分散30~60min,然后将含有嗜盐细菌、耐盐细菌和耐盐酵母菌的微生物菌液和甜菜碱以及分散后的四氧化三铁溶液加入到溶液Ⅰ中混匀搅拌得到溶液Ⅱ,溶液Ⅱ甜菜碱的质量浓度为100mg/L;
步骤3:将过硫酸铵溶解在去离子水中制备成摩尔浓度为1.25mol/L的硫酸铵溶液(体积为苯胺溶液的2倍),在过硫酸铵溶液冷却至4℃后与溶液Ⅱ快速混合得到溶液Ⅲ,溶液Ⅲ转移至-20℃环境中冷冻。当混合物完全固化后,重复解冻(4℃)和冷冻(-20℃)三次,即可得到一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体。
对比例一:
除不添加四氧化三铁外,其余同实施例二。
对比例二:
除不添加甜菜碱外,其余同实施例二。
则应用上述实施例和对比例的试验方法:将实施例一到三及对比例一和二制得的用以高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体分别装入模拟的SBR反应器中,SBR的运行方式为:进水30min—曝气时间7h—静置沉淀排水30min,排水比为50%,曝气量为10L/min,SBR反应器的体积为2L,试验所用废水为高盐模拟废水,采用葡萄糖、(NH4)2SO4、K2PO4按100:5:1的比例与一定比例的NaCl和微量元素配制而得,模拟废水的盐含量为1000mg/L,COD浓度为1500mg/L,则制得的用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体对高盐废水处理过程中COD随时间变化情况如图2所示。
从图2可知,本发明实施例一到三制得的用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体对高盐模拟废水的COD去除率在7h最高达到了78%以上,与对比例一和二相比具有显著的提升效果,表明本发明提供的用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体对微生物的耐盐性具有显著的改善效果,在高盐废水处理领域有着良好的应用前景。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括功能性微生物和导电水凝胶载体;所述导电水凝胶载体为相容性导电杂化水凝胶,表面及内部均匀分布有磁性四氧化三铁颗粒和相容性物质;所述功能性微生物为嗜盐细菌、耐盐细菌和耐盐酵母菌中的一种或几种,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将摩尔比为2:1到7:1苯胺溶液和植酸溶液溶解在质量分数为4%到6%的聚乙烯醇溶液中,聚乙烯醇溶液与植酸溶液的体积比为2:1,然后将混合溶液进行冷却得到溶液Ⅰ;
步骤2:将微生物菌液、100~300mg/L的相容性物质和粒径为50~100nm、浓度为100~300mg/L的四氧化三铁颗粒分散至步骤1中冷却后的溶液Ⅰ中得到溶液Ⅱ;所述相容性物质作为微生物的渗透保护剂,其成分为海藻糖、谷氨酸或甜菜碱;
步骤3:将过硫酸铵溶解在去离子水中制备摩尔浓度为1.25mmol/L的过硫酸铵溶液,并将过硫酸铵溶液冷却后与溶液Ⅱ快速混合得到溶液Ⅲ,溶液Ⅲ完全固化后,重复4℃的解冻和-20℃的冷冻3次后得到一种用于高盐废水处理的杂化水凝胶载体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中的所述植酸溶液为杂化水凝胶载体的交联剂和掺杂剂,其质量分数为50%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶液Ⅰ的冷却温度为4℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中所述四氧化三铁颗粒处理过程为:在20~35℃下超声分散30到60min,步骤2中所述溶液Ⅱ的冷却温度为4℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中加入所述过硫酸铵溶液的体积与所述苯胺溶液的体积比为2:1,所述过硫酸铵溶液的冷却温度为4℃。
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