CN1123329C - 用于一次性吸收制品的顶片 - Google Patents

用于一次性吸收制品的顶片 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1123329C
CN1123329C CN93108731A CN93108731A CN1123329C CN 1123329 C CN1123329 C CN 1123329C CN 93108731 A CN93108731 A CN 93108731A CN 93108731 A CN93108731 A CN 93108731A CN 1123329 C CN1123329 C CN 1123329C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
absorbent article
disposable absorbent
top flat
mid portion
aft section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN93108731A
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English (en)
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CN1082871A (zh
Inventor
M·E·弗里兰
P·J·阿伦
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Publication of CN1082871A publication Critical patent/CN1082871A/zh
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Publication of CN1123329C publication Critical patent/CN1123329C/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于一次性吸收制品的顶片，该吸收制品具有一个前腰端边、一个后腰端边和一个纵轴线，所述顶片包括：一个与所述一次性吸收制品的前腰端边并置的前面部分，所述前面部分基本上没有弹性；一个与所述一次性吸收制品的后腰端边并置的后面部分，所述后面部分是沿纵向可弹性伸长的；以及一个位于所述前面部分和所述后面部分之间的中间部分，至少所述中间部分的一部分是沿横向可弹性伸长的；所述中间部分大体呈H形，从而该中间部分沿纵向延伸至所述前面部分和所述后面部分的至少一个中。

Description

用于一次性吸收制品的顶片
技术领域
本发明涉及可用于一次性吸收制品的顶片，特别是涉及那种能使粪便与穿用者皮肤脱离开的一次性吸收制品中用的顶片，以及包含有这种顶片的一次性吸收制品。
背景技术
若干种一次性吸收制品在本技术领域中已是公知的。一次性吸收制品可穿绕在穿用者的腰部，用以收集和收存穿用者的排出物。这些一次性吸收制品都具有一在穿用时与穿用者身体相接触的、液体可透过的顶片。包括尿液和粪便在内的人类排出物，可穿过顶片由吸收芯保持在其内或其附近。
在该技术领域中的最新进展包括那种试图使粪便能与穿用者的皮肤隔离开的一次性吸收制品。这种一次性吸收制品通常具有带孔的顶片，以使粪便能由孔通过顶片，且该顶片是具有弹性的，从而可与穿用者的身体，特别是臀部形成密切吻接。
一次性吸收制品的其余部分可与顶片之间分离，以形成一个用于接收粪便的空隙形空间。在先技术中的某些这方面的实例已公开在1989年5月30日授与Khan的美国专利4834737和1991年11月5日授与Holt等人的美国专利5062840中。
在先技术中的某些尝试仅涉及到一次性吸收制品中的某些具有弹性的选定部分。若举例来说，可将一次性吸收制品的顶片分成若干不同的部分，且其中的一些部分是带弹性的，而另一些不带。在先技术中的某些这方面的实例已公开在1987年4月7日授与Morman等人的美国专利4655760和1978年8月9日公开的Tong的英国专利申请。
在先技术中的另一些尝试涉及到一次性吸收制品中的某些具有弹性的特殊部分。这一弹性是通过直线状弹性带或弹性片达到的。在先技术中的进一步的成果，还包括具有适当弹性模量的、可使穿用者更感舒适的紧密吻贴式顶片。在先技术中的某些这方面的实例已公开在1990年1月9日授与DesMarais等人的美国专利4892536，1991年2月5日授与Frceland的美国专利4990147，1991年8月6日授与Leroy等人的美国专利5037415和1991年8月6日授与Allen等人的美国专利5037416，上述的第一、第二和第四份专利已转让与本申请人共有。
欧洲专利EP0357298A2披露了一种例如为尿布的一次性吸收制品，它具有一个液体不可透过的底层，一个尿液可透过的衬层，以及一个位于该底层和衬层之间的吸收芯。该衬层具有使固体废物流入吸收芯中的通道，从而将该废物与穿用者的皮肤隔开。该衬层通过不与通道相邻设置的纵向弹性带沿纵向收缩，改善了吸收制品与穿用者之间的贴合性，且不会影响防泄漏性，该吸收制品的各个部分起到不同的作用。
然而，在先技术在试图构造可用于一次性吸收制品的、能使粪便与穿用者皮肤隔离开的顶片时，均没有有效地斟酌出可使这种顶片具有竞争利益的关键所在。比如说，在上述的某些技术教导中，并没有披露用于粪便输送的孔，因而也不可能谈到应将粪便输运到某一与穿用者分离开的位置处的需要。其它一些在先技术未能适当地斟酌如何满足当该一次性吸收制品被穿用时需根据穿用者在体形上和排泄功能上的差量并进行调节的需要。而且各在先技术均没有谈及当弄脏的一次性吸收制品被除去时和穿用者要进行清洁时在清洁穿用者躯干各部分上的差异。
显然由此可以看出，在本技术领域中仍需要有这样一种顶片，它应能正确地考虑到如何使粪便与穿用者的皮肤分离开且当该种一次性吸收制品被穿用时能使穿用者穿用舒适。这种顶片还应该考虑到不同的穿用者的与顶片相接触的躯干部分的差异，以及人体这些躯干在一次性吸收制品被穿用时可与其有效地适配的差异和在一次性吸收制品被除去时对其进行清洁的差异。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于一次性吸收制品的顶片，使得在穿用该一次吸收制品时，该一次性吸收制品能够更为舒适地贴合在穿用者的身上，并且能够节约材料成本，且增强液体、例如尿液的透过性。
本发明提供了一种用于一次性吸收制品的顶片，该吸收制品具有一个前腰端边、一个后腰端边和一个纵轴线，所述顶片包括：一个与所述一次性吸收制品的前腰端边并置的前面部分，所述前面部分基本上没有弹性；一个与所述一次性吸收制品的后腰端边并置的后面部分，所述后面部分是沿纵向可弹性伸长的；以及一个位于所述前面部分和所述后面部分之间的中间部分，所述中间部分是沿横向可弹性伸长的；其中所述中间部分大体呈H形，从而该中间部分沿纵向延伸至所述前面部分和所述后面部分的至少一个中。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于一次性吸收制品的顶片，该吸收制品具有一个前腰端边、一个后腰端边和一个纵轴线，所述顶片包括：一个与所述一次性吸收制品的前腰端边并置的前面部分，所述前面部分基本上没有弹性；一个与所述一次性吸收制品的后腰端边并置的后面部分，所述后面部分是沿纵向可弹性伸长的；以及一个位于所述前面部分和所述后面部分时间的中间部分，所述中间部分是沿横向可弹性伸长的。
附图说明
虽然说明书及所附的权利要求书特别指出和划清了本发明要求保护的范围，但可以相信，通过下面结合附图所作的说明将能更好的理解本发明。各图中相同的部件以相同的标号示出，相似的部件则加附加标记示出。
图1是按照本发明构造的一顶片的顶视图，它具有其伸缩方向如箭头所示的弹性片。
图2是具有图1所示顶片的一次性吸收制品的顶视图。
图3是图2所示的一次性吸收制品在使用状态下的纵向垂直剖面图。
图4是具有按照本发明构造的顶片的一次性吸收制品的一个变换实施例的顶视图，该顶片具有其伸缩方向如箭头所示的直线性弹性带。
图5是按照本发明构造的、具有无孔和纵向向上伸延至前面、后面部分的中间部分的一次性吸收制品的顶视图，各个部分在沿箭头所示方向上是可伸缩的。
图6是图5所示的一次性吸收制品处于使用状态时的透视图。
图7是按照本发明构造的、具有设置有在三个部分之间有曲线型边界的弹性片的顶片的顶部图，各个部分具有沿箭头所示方向上的伸缩性。
具体实施方式
参见图1，本发明包括一可与一次性吸收制品20一并使用的顶片22。在这儿，“顶片”指的是诸如图2所示的一次性吸收制品中的任何液体可透过的表层。当一次性吸收制品20被穿用时，该顶片22与穿用者的皮肤相接触，且该顶片22可防止被装入一次性吸收制品20中的吸收芯26与穿用者的皮肤产生实质上的接触。
如图1所示，按照本发明构造的顶片22被分成三个部分：前面部分22F，中间部分22C，后面部分22R。后面部分和中间部分22R、22C是具有弹性的，且具有不同的弹性方向。后面部分22R是可沿纵向弹性拉伸的，中间部分22C是可沿横向弹性拉伸的。弹性拉伸方向已由图中箭头示出。前面部分22F不具有可弹性拉伸性。
顶片22可以(但不是必须)有一个用于使粪便通过顶片22的孔46。根据将在下面讨论的按照本发明构造的顶片22的一些优选实施例可知，顶片22在没有孔46的情况下也能令人满意的工作。
优选的顶片22应是柔合、舒适且对穿用者皮肤无刺激性的。顶片22最好被处理成亲水的，以便能迅速地把人体排出物输送至一次性吸收制品20的芯26内。
参见图2，“一次性吸收制品”指的是可被穿在穿用者身上以收集人体排泄物的包裹式衣裤。这种一次性吸收制品一般在一次使用后即被扔掉，而不进行洗涤或以某种方式再次贮存(虽然某些部件可以再次利用或再次拼合使用)。
按照本发明构造的一种优选的一次性吸收制品包括可供婴儿穿用的尿布。该一次性吸收制品20由一个液体可透过的顶片22，一个液体不能透过的底片24，和一个位于顶片22和底片24之间的吸收芯26组成。顶片22和底片24至少部分地沿周边被连接在一起，以确保将吸收芯26支托在所要求的位置处。
按照本发明构造的一次性吸收制品还可以进一步包括有弹性裤边和/或阻挡裤边，以防止一次性吸收制品20被穿用时人体排泄物会通过其腿部开口而漏出去。按照本发明构造的一种一次性吸收制品20最好还包括有弹性腰带，以便使该制品20与穿用者的腰部能更为适配。按照本发明构造的一次性吸收制品20还可以进一步包括有与一次性吸收制品20的后面部分42并行设置的粘接带式固定组件36，以便可以将一次性吸收制品20方便地固定在穿用者腰部周围。为简明起见，图中并没有示出弹性裤边、阻挡裤边和弹性腰带。
如果需要将这些部件与一次性吸收制品20拼合在一起，则可以参考披露了一种将弹性带54装在一次性吸收制品20上以形成裤边的、于1978年3月28日授与Buell的美国专利4081031；披露了可如何将阻挡裤边装在一次性吸收制品20上的、于1990年3月20日授与Aziz等人的美国专利4909803；披露了可如何制造弹性带固定组件并如何将其装在一次性吸收制品20上的、于1974年11月19日授与Buell的美国专利3848594；披露了可如何制造适用于一次性吸收制品20的弹性腰带的、于1989年3月28日授与Foreman的美国专利4816025。这四份均已转让为与本申请人共有的专利文献在此作为参考文献被引用，以用来说明可如何方便地将这些附加特征结合入按照本发明构造的一次性吸收制品20的。
图2示出了按照本发明构造的一种处于没有弹性收缩的平展在展开状态时的一次性吸收制品20。顶片22和底片24按通常方式限定着一次性吸收制品的周边，该周边是一次性吸收制品20的最大伸展的、最外面的边。该周边包括一前腰端边32、一后腰端边34和两个纵向侧边。
前腰端边32和后腰端边34是一次性吸收制品20上的这样一些部分，即当被穿用时，它们围绕住穿用者的腰部，且当穿用者处于直立状态时，它们通常位于一次性吸收制品20的最高位置处。纵向侧边是一次性吸收制品20周边上连接前腰端边32和后腰端边34的部分。一次性吸收制品的裆部部分是一次性吸收制品20上位于前腰端边32和后腰端边34之间的部分，且当穿用时它一般处于穿用者的两腿之间。
一次性吸收制品20的吸收芯26可不一直伸延入前腰端边32和后腰端边34，这使得顶片22和底片24可以在这一区域内彼此连接和密封，也可以在其它区域彼此连接和密封。前腰端边32和后腰端边34的纵向伸延最好为该一次性吸收制品的纵向长度的5％左右，且这一纵向长度指得是从该一次性吸收制品20的边缘到该一次性吸收制品的横向轴TT间的距离。
在这儿，一次性吸收制品20的“纵向”长度、方向或轴，指得是当该一次性吸收制品20被穿用时相应于由穿用者的前侧到其后侧的长度、方向或轴。一次性吸收制品20的“横向”长度、方向或轴，通常是正交于纵向的、当该一次性吸收制品被穿用时与其侧向相一致的长度、方向或轴。横向轴TT按分别相应于前腰端边32和后腰端边34的方式把一次性吸收制品20分成前部40和后部42。“Z—方向”通常与纵向和横向正交，且不位于一次性吸收制品20的平面内。
在此所描述的顶片22和一次性吸收制品20的各实施例适合于体重为大约7.3-12.2公斤(16-27磅)的穿用者穿用。不难理解，如果打算将按照本发明构造的顶片22和一次性吸收制品20用于更小或更大的穿用者(包括成人)穿用，则将顶片22和一次性吸收制品20按比例缩放即可。
所作成的大小适合于上述范围的穿用者穿用的一次性吸收制品，其顶片22的纵向尺寸可为大约43.8厘米(17.25英寸)，底片24的纵向尺寸可为大约46.4厘米(18.25英寸)。顶片22和24底片之间的在纵向尺寸上的差异是使顶片22相对于底片24按透视关系缩小，从而在它们之间可形成一空隙空间，甚至当吸收芯26装在顶片22和24底片之间时仍是如此。按照本发明构造的该顶片22和底片24在裆部部分的横向尺寸分别为大约15.9厘米(6.25英寸)和大约21.3厘米(8.4英寸)。
一次性吸收制品20的各部件可以按本技术领域的普通技术人员所公知的方式组配成各种结构形状。某些优选的结构形状已披露在1975年1月14日授与Buell的美国专利3860003和1990年3月20日授与Aziz等人的美国专利4909803中，这些已转让为与本申请人共有的专利文献在这儿作为参考文献被引入，以用于公开已公知的和优选的某些一次性吸收制品的结构形状。在一个更为优选的实施例中，一次性吸收制品20的结构形状是与Buell等人于1991年6月13日递交的No.07/715152号美国专利申请中所给出的技术教导相一致的。
下面将更详细地考查一次性吸收制品20的各个部件。如上所述，顶片22和底片24通常是共同伸延且至少沿部分周边连接在一起。在这儿，术语“连接”指的是一种状态，即第一部分或第一部件或是直接地附着或连接在第二部分或第二部件上、或是先附着或连接在中间部分或中间部件上然后再间接地附着或连接在第二部分或第二部件上的状态。对第一部分或第一部件和第二部分或第二部件之间进行连接的目的在于延长一次性吸收制品20的寿命。
顶片22和底片24可以用本技术领域所公知的任何方式进行连接，比如说粘贴连接或热密封连接等等。一种特别优选的连接顶片22和底片24的方式是采用诸如由美国俄亥俄州的Columbus的Century Adhesives生产的热熔粘接剂和由美国明尼苏达州的St.Paul的H.B.Fuller Company销售的Century 5227或HL1258型粘接剂。在一个特别优选的实施例中，粘贴连接是由纵向粘接带来实现的。
吸收芯26在其纵向和横向上的大小，一般都比顶片22和底片24小。在这儿，“芯(吸收芯)”指的是一次性吸收制品20中用于吸收和收存人体排泄物的部件。吸收芯26的上层和下层均具有一个相对的主表面，并可用(如果需要的话)一层或多层织物(未示出)将其包起来，或是涂覆上分离剂，以减小对粪便的摩擦。
如果设置有织物层，还可以改善吸收芯26的拉伸强度并减少湿润时可能的开裂或团集。织物层还可以进一步改善对液体的横向虹吸，以及在整个吸收芯上更均匀地分布被吸收的液体。现已发现，具有其基本重量为大约每平方米16克(每8000平方英尺10磅)、空气透过率为大约每平方米每分钟30立方米(每平方英尺每分钟100立方英尺)和压差为13毫米水柱(0.5英寸水柱)的织物层的性能很好。而且，顶片22还可以与芯26呈分离状态，也可以卷绕着芯26。
吸收芯26可以用通常使用的各种材料制成，诸如粉碎的木浆，典型地被称为气毡等等。如果需要的话，吸收芯26还可以进一步包含有在本技术领域中常规使用的吸收型凝胶材料。特别需要指出的是，吸收芯26也可以按照1986年9月9日授与Weisman等人的美国专利的4610678所给出的技术教导制作，该专利已转让为与本申请人共有且在此作为参考文献引入，以用于说明如何制造适用于本发明的吸收芯26。现已发现，按照1988年4月19日授与Brandt等人的、现已转让为与本申请共有的美国专利Re.32649而制造的吸收性凝胶材料，是适用于按照本发明构造的一次性吸收制品20的。
如果需要的话，一个特别优选的实施例中的吸收芯26，还可以具有分开的收存区和捕获区。收存区具有比捕获区更高的平均密度和更高的平均基本重量，因而使得捕获区可以有效而快速地捕获住所排出的液体并将其输送到收存区以长期收存。这种吸收芯26可以按照1989年5月30日授与Alemany等人的美国专利4834735所给出的技术教导制造，该专利已转让为与本申请人共有且在此作为参考文献引入，以用于说明应如何制造特别优选的芯26的底层。一种非常适合的芯26的材料是诸如由美国加利福尼亚州的Los Angeles的Atlantic Richfi-eld Company以商标Fibersorb销售的纤维吸收性凝胶材料。
芯26可以用本技术领域所公知的任何连接方式分别附着连接在顶片22和/或底片24上。一种特别优选的连接方式是利用螺旋线型和纵向和横向带型粘接剂进行粘接。特别优选的粘结剂包括由美国俄亥俄州的Columbus的Century Adhesives Inc.生产的诸如Century5227等等的粘接剂，由美国明尼苏达州的St.Paul的H.B.Fuller Company销售的HL-1258粘接剂，和明尼苏达州的St.Paul的Minnesota Mining and ManufacturingCompany生产的XPO-9-035粘接剂。
底片24是不透过诸如尿等等液体的，并可以防止由吸收芯吸收和收存的液体弄湿内裤，衣服和床单。在这儿，“底片”指的是当一次性吸收制品被穿用时位于吸收芯26外侧的、且用来将所吸收的液体收存在一次性吸收制品20中的任何阻挡层。优选的底片24应是柔软、柔顺且能够与穿用者身体的总的形状、轮廓容易地相吻合的。
底片24可以是诸如聚乙烯等等的聚烯烃薄膜，其厚度可为大约0.01-0.051毫米(0.005-0.002英寸)。如果需要的话，底片24可以进行压花或表面粗糙化加工，以形成类似于衣服的外观，或是还可以具有通气道，以便使蒸汽逸出。适用的底片24可以由大约45-90％的直链低密度聚乙烯和大约10-55％的聚丙烯的混合物构成。典型的可构成底片24的薄膜包括由美国印第安纳州的Terre Haute的Tredegar Industries，Inc.销售的、作为吹塑薄膜的RR8220型混合物和作为铸塑薄膜的RR5475型混合物。
参见图3，优选的顶片22是相对于该一次性吸收制品20的芯26和/或底片24沿其纵向按透视关系被缩短了的。这种结构将在芯26和顶片22之间产生一个空隙空间52。
上述顶片22还进一步包括一个位于纵轴LL的横向中心处的孔46(参见图2、图3)。孔46提供了一个使粪便从肛门口通过顶片22进入空隙空间52的通路。芯26中的吸收性凝胶材料最好不与孔46重合，因而当出现大量尿液负载时，也不会出现凝胶团块。
孔46可以呈任何所需的形状，特别优选的形状是具有纵向尺寸为大约5.1厘米(2.0英寸)和横向尺寸为大约3.8厘米(1.5英寸)的椭圆形。当该一次性吸收制品被穿用时，孔46的最后面的边缘应至少位于距后腰端边34大约15.2厘米(6.0英寸)处，最好为大约17.8厘米(7.0英寸)处。
适用的顶片22亦可以用诸如多孔泡沫材料，带孔塑料薄膜，天然纤维材料(如木纤维或棉纤维等等)，合成纤维材料(如聚酯或聚丙烯薄膜等等)或上述材料的组合物制作。一种特别优选的顶片22包含有长为大约15.9毫米(0.62英寸)的、纤度为每9000米  长度重为22克(22旦尼尔)的聚丙烯纤维。顶片22可以用许多种技术制造，且可以由纺织、无纺织、离心粘贴、梳理等等方式制成。
一种特别优选的顶片22是用梳理和热粘贴方式成型的，其重量为每平方米大约18-25克，沿机器方向上的最小干燥拉伸强度为大约每厘米400克，沿机器横向方向上的最小湿润拉伸强度为大约每平方厘米55克。一种适用的顶片22是由美国马萨诸塞州的Walpole的International PaPer Company的分公司Veratec，Inc.提供的设计名称为P-8的产品。
再参见图1，按照本发明构造的顶片22可沿一次性吸收制品20的纵向轴LL按一种特定的结构配置分成三个部分。
后面部分22R具有一个可使该后面部分22R纵向弹性收缩的组件。中间部分22C具有一个可使该中间部分横向弹性收缩的组件。前面部分22F没有可为前面部分22F提供弹性的组件。
后面部分22R和中间部分22C分别具有纵向和横向的弹性伸缩性，并已由图中箭头示出，而且可用常规的二维弹性片来获得这种伸缩性。在这儿，如果其主要尺寸位于顶片22的平面内且沿Z-方向上的厚度相对较小，则认为“片”是二维的。当然应该认识到，因为它在Z-方向仍有厚度，因而这种片只是在从概念上来说是二维的。但是，在Z-方向上的这一厚度相当小，以至于比起该顶片22的前部、后部、中间三部分22F、22R、22C的纵向和横向尺寸是可以被略去的。
按照本发明构造的顶片22的特别优选的各弹性部分22R、22C，在沿其宽度方向上的每厘米大约800克的拉伸载荷作用下的拉伸率，应大于50％并小于350％。在该拉伸荷载下的这种拉伸率，可使顶片22按前述方式使穿用者感到非常舒适。这种顶片22可以按前述的授与Allen等人的美国专利5037416来制造，该专利已转让为与本申请人共有且在此作为参考文献引入，以用于说明应如何制造出特别适用于本发明的顶片22中的后面部分22R和中间部分22C的材料。
具有沿纵向的弹性可伸缩性的后面部分22R，可使顶片22与穿用者的臀部紧密吻接。在这里，如果一个部件的弹性拉伸主轴的方向是在与纵轴LL方向的±45°的范围内，则认为该部件是“沿纵向可弹性伸缩的”，且可以对另一部件沿纵向提供纵向弹性伸缩性。
这种纵向弹性伸缩性使得在一次性吸收制品20邻近后腰端边34的区域内，可以形成一个空隙空间52，以便更好地接收粪便。重要的是后面部分22R不应塌陷或垂入空隙空间52内，否则便可能会妨碍粪便远离开孔46的传输或迁移，从而会导致只有少量的粪便可以通过孔46，而余下的则会粘在穿用者的皮肤上或留在中间部分22C的区域内。
对于在此所说明的各实施例，后面部分22R从后腰端边34至与中间部分22C的交界处的纵向尺寸，可为大约20.3±1.9厘米(8±0.75英寸)。这种后面部分22R可呈二维片形，且可以按照上面已讨论过且已给出过理由的、授与Allen等人的现已转让为与本申请人共有的美国专利5037416中所给出的技术教导来制造。
按照本发明构造的顶片22的中间部分22C，在其横向上是弹性可伸缩的。在这儿，如果一个部件的弹性拉伸主轴的方向是在与横轴TT方向的±45°的范围内，则认为该部件是“沿横向可弹性伸缩的”，且可以对另一部件沿横向提供横向弹性伸缩性。
这种结构的优点就是，该一次性吸收制品20在其前腰端边32和后腰端边34之间的裤档部分是可以收缩的。这种横向收缩使得该一次性吸收制品20可呈常见的沙漏型，因而当一次性吸收制品20被穿用时能更舒适地适合于穿用者。
然而，该横向收缩可能会闭合住孔46。因此必须注意不对顶片20的中间部分22C施加过大的收缩力。如果该收缩过大，孔46就不能保持在开孔状态，因而粪便就会难以通过孔46进入空隙空间52。如果粪便被留在顶片22上，它就会与穿用者的皮肤相接触，并产生如上所讨论的对皮肤的刺激，使洗涤穿用者的工作更麻烦等间题。
这种中间部分22C可呈二维片形，且可以按照上面已讨论过且已给出过理由的、授与Allen等人的现已转让为与本申请人共有的美国专利5037416中所给出的技术教导来制造。对于在此所说明的各实施例，中间部分22C在从与后面部分22R的交界处至与前面部分22F的交界处之间的纵向长度，可为大约8.1±1.9厘米(3.2±0.75英寸)。该中间部分22C的纵向长度，最好能足以将整个孔46包绕在其中。
前面部分22F可以不具有任何弹性伸缩性。这种结构的优点是，可以节省材料，且还可以提高对捕获的诸如尿液等的液体的可渗透性。而且，不具有弹性伸缩性的前面部分22F将不易与穿用者密切吻接，因而能使生殖器部位感到更舒适，对男性穿用者更是如此。
对于在此所说明的各实施例，前面部分22F在从前腰端边32至与中间部分22C的交界处之间的纵向尺寸，可为大约16.8±1.9厘米(6.6±0.75英寸)。而且，前面部分22F可具有比后面部分22R更长的纵向长度。
参考图4，在一不同的实施例中，可以用若干直线状的弹性带54，而不是用二维片，来将弹性施加到顶片22的后面部分22R和/或中间部分22C上。弹性带54是沿纵向方向设置在后面部分22R中，且最好是沿纵向彼此平行的。弹性带54在后面部分22R中是呈纵向方向的，且最好彼此平行，尽管如图所示，它们在横向上有一定的偏差也是可以允许的。
在这种结构中，后面部分22R可以有一个弹性带54与纵轴LL重合，从而使得后面部分22R可以被拽入穿用者的臀槽内。如果需要的话，在后面部分22R上还可以设置若干个外侧弹性带54，且它们最好相对于纵轴对称配置。若在后面部分22R上的这些弹性带54在横向上有偏离，则最好是使它们向后腰端边34岔开，以使得后面部分22R可以更精确地与穿用者的臀部适配、吻接。
中间部分22C可以具有平行于横轴TT且对准于孔46的若干弹性带54，或是具有位于横向轴TT任一侧且不对准于孔46的沿横向伸延的若干弹性带54。
在任一特定的结构中，设置在后面部分22R上的纵向的弹性带54或是在中间部分22C上的横向的弹性带54，均不是必须的。唯一重要的是，其后面部分22R应具有可用于纵向收缩后面部分22R的组件，而中间部分22C应具有用于收缩中间部分22C的组件。
如果需要的话，还可以将弹性带54装在按照本发明构造的顶片22内或是一次性吸收制品20内。这种弹性带54可以按照前述的1990年1月9日授与DeMarais等人的美国专利4892536所给出的技术教导进行装入，该专利已转让为与本申请人共有且在此作为参考文献引入，以用于说明可将弹性带54装入本发明的顶片22内和一次性吸收制品20内的一种特别优选的方式。在一个特别优选的实施例中，弹性带54可具有如前所述的于1991年8月6日授与Allen等人的美国专利5037416中所描述的弹性伸缩性，该专利已转让为与本申请人共有且在此作为参考文献引入，以用于说明这种弹性带54的优选结构。
参见图5，在另外一个实施例中，各个部分22F、22C、22R可以在纵向上是彼此重叠的。例如，中间部分22C可以一直纵向伸延到已设置有前面部分22F和/或后面部分22R的区域内。这种结构可使中间部分22C略呈H形。
参见图6，这种结构的优点是在后面部分22R中可形成有接收粪便的凹腔46′。根据三个部分22F、22C、22R的相对大小，凹腔46′可能包含在后面部分22R和中间部分22C中。将这种结构用于需要不在顶片22内设置有孔46的实施例中，是特别有利的。因此，按照本发明构造的顶片22也可以是不具有孔46的，且可以便利地用在一次性吸收制品20中。在这样一个实施例中，芯26还可以在纵向上具有曲线或直线型的凹形线，以便使芯26易于形成所预期的、如图6所示的形状。
参见图7，在另一个变换实施例中，三个部分22R、22C、22F间的分界线并不需要为直线状或彼此平行。如果需要的话，这些分界线也可以是曲线的，且分别凹向前腰端边32和后腰端边34。这种结构比图1所示的结构所具有的优点是，孔46可以由顶片22上的一个单个缝，或是类似形状来形成，并可以减少孔46在沿横向上闭合的可能性。在另一个变换实施例中(未示出)，分界线也可以是曲线的且分别凸向前腰端边32和后腰端边34并凹向横轴TT。这种结构比图1所示的结构所具有的优点是，后面部分22R和中间部分22C能够更准确和舒适地与穿用者的体形相一致。
不难理解，在本发明所要求保护的范围内，还存在有许多种变换和变型。例如，中间部分22C或后面部分22R中的一个可具有弹性带54，以用作提供弹性伸缩性的组件，而另一个可具有弹性片，以用作提供弹性伸缩性的组件。可为后面部分22R或中间部分22C提供弹性伸缩性的特定组件的选择是不重要的，而重要的是该弹性伸缩性(如果有的话)应出现在如上所述的三个部分22F、22C、22R的特定方向和位置上。
如果需要的话，中间部分22C和后面部分22R还可以具有双向弹性伸缩性。在这种结构中，后面部分22R具有如上所讨论的纵向伸缩性，而中间部分22C具有如上所讨论的横向伸缩性。而且，每一个这种部分22R、22C在另一个主方向上，如横向或纵向上，亦具有伸缩性。然而，对于具有双向弹性伸缩性的后面部分22R或中间部分22C，其在纵向上和横向上的伸缩程度并不需要是必须相等的。
本技术领域的普通技术人员不难理解，孔46和中间部分22C亦应该具有适当的大小和设置方式，以使得孔46可以整个地位于中间部分22C之中，而且也可以使得孔46跨过中间部分22C并进入到前面部分22F或后面部分22R中之一所在的区域中。如果需要的话，还可以选择孔46和三个部分22F、22C、22R的大小和设置方式，以使得孔46可以跨过中间部分22C并同时进入到外侧的前面部分22F和后面部分22R之中。
不难理解，其它部件也可以适当地配置在顶片22的三个部分22F、22C、22R中。例如，可以将一不具有弹性伸缩性的片嵌装在中间部分22C和前面部分22F及后面部分22R中的一个或二个之间。而且，亦可以将不具有弹性伸缩性的片或具有各向异性的弹性伸缩性的片包含在给定的部分22F、22C或22R中。
不难理解，还可以有许多种其它的变型和上述变型的组合，但它们均包含在本发明要求保护的范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于一次性吸收制品(20)的顶片(22)，该吸收制品(20)具有一个前腰端边(32)、一个后腰端边(34)和一个纵轴线(LL)，所述顶片(22)包括：
一个与所述一次性吸收制品(20)的前腰端边(32)并置的前面部分(22F)；
一个与所述一次性吸收制品(20)的后腰端边(34)并置的后面部分(22R)；以及
一个位于所述前面部分(22F)和所述后面部分(22R)之间的中间部分(22C)，
其特征在于，所述前面部分(22F)没有弹性；所述后面部分(22R)是沿纵向可弹性伸长的；所述中间部分(22C)是沿横向可弹性伸长的；
所述中间部分(22C)呈H形，从而该中间部分沿纵向延伸至所述前面部分(22F)和所述后面部分(22R)的至少一个中。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于一次性吸收制品(20)的顶片(22)，其特征在于，所述顶片(22)还包括位于所述部分(22F，22R，22C)之间的曲线形交界。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的用于一次性吸收制品(20)的顶片(22)，其特征在于，所述顶片(22)是不带孔的，并且至少在所述后面部分上形成了一个用以容纳排泄物的孔腔(46)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的用于一次性吸收制品(20)的顶片(22)，其特征在于，所述后面部分包括一个弹性片。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的用于一次性吸收制品(20)的顶片(22)，其特征在于，所述中间部分包括线性的弹性带。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的用于一次性吸收制品(20)的顶片(22)，其特征在于，所述中间部分包括一个弹性带。
7.一种用于一次性吸收制品的顶片，该吸收制品具有一个前腰端边、一个后腰端边和一个纵轴线，所述顶片包括：
一个与所述一次性吸收制品的前腰端边并置的前面部分，所述前面部分没有弹性；
一个与所述一次性吸收制品的后腰端边并置的后面部分，所述后面部分是沿纵向可弹性伸长的；以及
一个位于所述前面部分和所述后面部分之间的中间部分，所述中间部分是沿横向可弹性伸长的。
8.如权利要求7所述的顶片，其特征在于，所述后面部分和所述中间部分的至少一个包括弹性片。
9.如权利要求7所述的顶片，其特征在于，所述后面部分和所述中间部分的至少一个包括线性弹性带。
10.如权利要求7、8或9所述的顶片，其特征在于，所述顶片是不带孔的，并且在所述后面部分上形成了一个用于容纳排泄物的孔腔。
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FI945815A0 (fi) 1994-12-09
US5269775A (en) 1993-12-14
ATE170736T1 (de) 1998-09-15
HK1012950A1 (en) 1999-08-13
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EP0644747A1 (en) 1995-03-29

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