CN112302177A

CN112302177A - Method for protecting river racoon dog cave

Info

Publication number: CN112302177A
Application number: CN202011162244.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李振军; 王立成; 菅宇翔; 冯慧娟; 初雯雯; 李耀辉; 杨振冰; 申彦科; 张扬; 李建玲
Original assignee: China Water Resources Beifang Investigation Design and Research Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Water Resources Beifang Investigation Design and Research Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-27
Filing date: 2020-10-27
Publication date: 2021-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-27
Also published as: CN112302177B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for protecting a castus cave, wherein a castus nest comprises an underwater outlet and an onshore inlet and outlet, a bionic dam is built on a river channel close to the castus nest according to surrounding terrain lines, a still water area is formed upstream of the bionic dam, dead wood branches and soil are arranged on the bionic dam, river water bypasses an arc-shaped bionic dam and is prevented from impacting the castus nest, the length of the bionic dam is determined according to the size of the castus nest, the width of the bionic dam is more than or equal to 1.5m, the height of the bionic dam is 0.5-1.0 m lower than the water surface of the river water, and the dead wood branches are 0.5-1.0 m higher than the water surface of the river water and are covered with the soil. The invention can ensure the water level to be stable, builds the stable aquatic ecological environment for protecting the beaver channel and the beaver cave, forms the still water area after the bionic dam is built, prevents the beaver nest from being washed away by overlarge and urgent water flow, and avoids the beaver from gnawing and falling trees too much to cause the damage of the ecological environment in order to build the dam body.

Description

Method for protecting river racoon dog cave

Technical Field

The invention relates to protection of a nutria, in particular to a method for protecting a cavity of the nutria.

Background

Beaver (Castor fiber): animals belonging to Rodentia of Mammalia, family Heraccoon, genus Heraccoon, 7 subspecies in total, are the largest medium-sized amphibious animals of Rodentia. Belongs to the national first-class protection animal, and is the red record of endangered species in the world nature protection alliance (IUCN) 2008.

The beaver is hypertrophic, has no obvious difference between female and male, and has long and thick needle-like hair and dense and soft hair, yellow-brown needle hair, brown-gray base and hair, dark brown back, and lighter back of head and abdomen. Beaver has short and blunt head, small eyes, short neck, sharp incisors, developed masseter, short and wide limbs, short forelimb, small feet, strong claws, no foreweb, strong and powerful hind limb, and full web between toes, large and flat tail. The adult beaver weighs 17-30 kg, has a body length of 60-100 cm and a tail length of 21-38 cm; the larval beaver is about 30-40 cm long and about 700g in weight.

The beaver likes to move at night, hardly goes out of the hole in the daytime, is good for swimming and diving, has no hibernation habit, is small in gallbladder, has poor self-defense capability, likes quiet environment, jumps into water when encountering frightening and danger, and vigorously beats the water surface with the tail to warn the same kind. The beaver likes to eat the twigs, barks and tree roots of various plants, also takes shore hygrophytes as food, such as calamus, allium mongolicum regel and the like, and in autumn, the beaver generally moves frequently in morning and evening, collects the favorite plants, and stores the favorite plants in deep water near the hole opening for eating in winter.

The female nutria is bred for 1 time every year, mated for 1-2 months, farrowing for 4-5 months, 1-6 young baby per fetus, the gestation period is about 106 days, the lactation period is about 2 months, the young baby swims 2 days after birth, and sexual maturity is 3 years. The service life is 12-20 years.

The river racoon dog is called as a hydraulic engineer in the animal kingdom, the unique ability of the river racoon dog is a dam, and a pond, a lake or a marsh formed by retaining water of the river racoon dog can be formed in places where the river racoon dog inhabits or inhabits.

The method comprises the steps that a beaver inhabits along the coast of forest rivers in cold and warm zones and subarctic zones, inhabits on the shore, selects broadleaf dense forests, shrubs and river valley areas with gentle and deep water flows as inhabit sites, nests and holes are built in the inhabit areas, meanwhile, channels are built to communicate an underwater channel with a land channel, and a beaver dam is built to protect the beaver cave from being washed away by torrential water bodies in the flood season and prevent an underwater channel opening from being exposed out of the water surface in the dry season.

The beaver has the name of an animal world 'architect' and an ancient vertebrate 'activated stone', is one of the oldest existing animals in the world, and has higher research value. The beaver is listed in red catalogue of endangered species in the world natural protection alliance (IUCN)2008 and belongs to the first-class protection animal of the state. The population distribution is scattered, mainly in Europe, and the number in Asia is very small. Due to ecological destruction and human factors, only about 700 in China are endangered and extincted, and the Chinese river racoon dogs belong to Mongolian subspecies in European river racoon dogs and are distributed on two sides of Sinkiang Wulun Guhe and the Qinggelihe, Buergen river and Chaogao le river at the upstream of the Xinjiang Ulun Guhe. By 2012, the number of whole Wulun Guhe water system nutria fluctuated between 500 and 800, wherein the Boolean root river has 35 families, the Chaihu river has 2 families, and the Boolean root river has about 130 families to the Wulun Guhe Fuhain section.

The large-scale development, the construction of a ditch, the digging of an alkali drainage ditch and the like can lead the area of the wetland to be reduced sharply. The establishment of dams and hydropower stations leads to the reduction of the flooding of plants in the area, which causes water and soil loss, river bed collapse, local diversion of rivers and the destruction of a castoreum cave. The migratory route of the beaver is blocked, the ice layer is continuously heightened due to water storage power generation in winter, water even submerges into a beaver cave, and the beaver can not live home and die in winter.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for protecting a castus cave, which simulates the natural condition of a castus dam by a manually built castus bionic dam. The method is used for building a suitable habitat for the nutria, protecting the water surface stability of the cave and the channel of the nutria and building a comfortable environment for the conservation and the survival of the nutria. The method can avoid the castors from biting trees in a large amount to destroy the ecological environment for building dam bodies, and meanwhile, the trees stored at the periphery of the castors nest can provide sufficient food sources for the castors.

In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for protecting a castus cave comprises the steps that a castus nest comprises an underwater outlet and an onshore inlet and outlet, a bionic dam is built on a river channel close to the castus nest according to surrounding terrain lines, a still water area is formed upstream of the bionic dam, dead wood branches and soil are arranged on the bionic dam, river water bypasses an arc-shaped bionic dam and is prevented from impacting the castus nest, the length of the bionic dam is determined according to the size of the castus nest, the width of the bionic dam is larger than or equal to 1.5m, the height of the bionic dam is 0.5-1.0 m lower than the water surface of the river water, and the dead wood branches are 0.5-1.0 m higher than the water surface of the river water and are covered with the soil.

The bionic dam is an arc dam, a linear dam or a T-shaped dam.

The bionic dam is of a reinforced concrete structure, the bionic dam is supported on the stress piers on two sides, the depth of the stress pier into the bedrock is larger than or equal to 1m, the length of the stress pier is larger than or equal to 2.0m, and the width of the stress pier (3) is larger than or equal to 1.5 m.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the beaver bionic dam builds a suitable habitat for beaver to live in, is favorable for beaver survival and population reproduction, and improves the population resource quantity; the method reduces the problem that castors gnaw and fell down river trees in large quantities in order to protect the castors nest building dam body and protect the ecological environment of the river bank; ensures the normal rest and health of the nutria and is beneficial to protecting the national first-class animal nutria.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of the method of the invention for protecting a river cavity.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:

as shown in figure 1, in the method for protecting the castus cave, a castus nest 5 comprises an underwater outlet 6 and a land inlet and outlet 7, a bionic dam 2 is built on a river channel 10 close to the castus nest 5 according to a surrounding terrain line 1, a still water area 8 is formed at the upstream of the bionic dam 2, dead wood branches 4 and soil 11 are arranged on the bionic dam 2, river water 9 bypasses the arc-shaped bionic dam 2 to avoid impacting the castus nest 5, the length of the bionic dam 2 is determined according to the size of the castus nest, the width of the bionic dam 2 is more than or equal to 1.5m, the height of the bionic dam 2 is 0.5-1.0 m lower than the water surface of river water 9, and the dead wood branches 4 are 0.5-1.0 m higher than the water surface of the river water 9 and cover the soil 11.

The bionic dam 2 is an arc dam, a linear dam or a T-shaped dam.

The bionic dam 2 is of a reinforced concrete structure, the bionic dam 2 is supported on the stress piers 3 on two sides, the stress piers 3 penetrate into bedrock to be more than or equal to 1m, the length of the stress piers 3 is more than or equal to 2.0m, and the width of the stress piers 3 is more than or equal to 1.5 m.

In this embodiment, bionic dam 2 is the bionic dam of arc, and the bionic dam 2 upper reaches of arc form still water district 8, and the bionic dam 2 low reaches protection of arc has export 6 under water and the river racoon 5 of 7 is imported and exported on land, and the bionic dam 2 of arc supports on the atress mound 3 of both sides, is provided with dead wood branch 4 and earth 11 above the bionic dam 2 of arc, and river 9 has avoided assaulting river racoon 5 around the bionic dam 2 of arc. The dam type of the beaver bionic dam is simple, the water level can be ensured to be stable, the stable aquatic ecological environment for protecting a beaver channel and a beaver cave is built, and the dam type of the beaver bionic dam has the advantages of long service life and high safety factor. A still water area is formed after the bionic dam is built, so that the nests of the castors are prevented from being washed away by torrent, the ecological environment damage caused by excessive gnawing of the castors for building the dam body is avoided, and a suitable habitat is provided for the rest and the health of the castors.

In the present embodiment, the construction is performed according to the following steps: firstly, constructing an integral reinforcement structure of the bionic dam, wherein the dam is an arc-shaped bionic dam, pouring bionic dam reinforced concrete and support columns, paving deadwood branches on the upper part of the bionic dam reinforced concrete after pouring, smearing soil, and finishing the whole construction process.

An arc-shaped bionic dam for protecting a caster cave is built at the upstream of a caster nest according to the terrain around a river channel, dead wood branches and a soil layer are arranged on a dam body, a water retaining dam built by the caster is simulated, a stable still water environment around the caster nest is built, and the caster nest is protected from being impacted by water flow. The arc-shaped bionic dam for protecting the river racoon dog cave is built on the bank side, the river channel range is not excessively occupied, and the dam body submerged in water and dead wood branches on the dam body do not influence the flood discharge capacity of the river channel during flood.

The above examples are only for illustrating the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the same, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples, i.e., the equivalent changes or modifications made in the spirit of the present invention disclosed are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for protecting the castors cave is characterized in that a castors nest (5) comprises an underwater outlet (6) and a land inlet and outlet (7), a bionic dam (2) is built on a river channel (10) close to the castors nest (5) according to surrounding terrain lines (1), a still water area (8) is formed at the upstream of the bionic dam (2), dead wood branches (4) and soil (11) are arranged on the bionic dam (2), the river water (9) bypasses the arc-shaped bionic dam (2) to avoid impacting the castors nest (5), the length of the bionic dam (2) is determined according to the size of the castors nest, the width of the bionic dam (2) is larger than or equal to 1.5m, the height of the bionic dam (2) is 0.5-1.0 m lower than the water surface of the river water (9), the dead wood branches (4) are 0.5-1.0 m higher than the water surface of the river water (9), and the dead wood branches (11) are covered.

2. A method for protecting a caster cave according to claim 1, characterized in that the biomimetic dam (2) is an arc dam, a straight dam or a t-dam.

3. The method for protecting a river castor cave according to claim 1, wherein the bionic dam (2) is of a reinforced concrete structure, the bionic dam (2) is supported on the stress piers (3) at two sides, the stress pier (3) penetrates into bedrock to be more than or equal to 1m, the length of the stress pier (3) is more than or equal to 2.0m, and the width of the stress pier (3) is more than or equal to 1.5 m.