CN110663597B - Site selection and construction method for muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax prenanti in plateau river - Google Patents
Site selection and construction method for muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax prenanti in plateau river Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a site selection and construction method for a muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of a plateau river, which comprises the following steps of firstly, site selection of the muddy artificial spawning site of the schizothorax of the plateau river; secondly, digging the artificial spawning site to a depth of 30-40 cm; step three, preparing a muddy substrate; step four, covering the muddy substrate on an artificial spawning site; and step five, remodeling the topography of the spawning site. According to the invention, by selecting a proper river section, the flow velocity of the area is small when the water rises, the method is suitable for schizothorax prenanti to lay eggs, the eggs are not washed away by water flow, the laying site is smooth, and the eggs are easy to attach to a laying pit; in addition, a bottom material of the spawning ground is built, pit digging behaviors beneficial to schizothorax fish are met, meanwhile, the stability of the spawning ground and the spawning pits is beneficial to maintenance, and the spawning pits are prevented from collapsing after the schizothorax fish spawns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water ecological habitat restoration, in particular to a site selection and construction method for a muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of a plateau river.
Background
The fish spawning site is a water area for mating, spawning, hatching and raising fishes, is an important place for survival and propagation of aquatic organisms, and has an important function on fishery resource supplement.
Different fish spawning sites have different forming mechanisms, the spawning sites such as 'four big Chinese carps' and the like produce drifting eggs, the spawning sites need to meet the pulse stimulation of temperature and high-flow flood, the spawning sites are formed in river sections with two conditions, the bottom materials do not need to be formed, and fertilized eggs can finish incubation only by drifting in flowing water river sections with certain flow rate and certain distance; chinese sturgeons produce sinking eggs, and spawning sites have special requirements on substrates. The conditions of the Chinese sturgeon spawning site are as follows: 1. the deep water rapid beach is arranged above the base, the wide gravel or pebble moraine dam shallow beach is arranged below the deep water rapid beach, the deep depression hydro-mortar is arranged in the shallow grave dam, and the base must have rocks or pebbles; 2. it is necessary to have canyon, jumbo or gorge beams extending into the river to divert the river to create a wide-narrowing river-turning stream, and the spawning site must be outside the river turn or turn so that the spawn can be spread over the rock at the bottom and the wide moral dam.
In the field of ecological restoration, the construction of domestic artificial fish spawning sites starts from the technology of manually constructing natural spawning sites of plagiognathops microlepis in a albizzia reservoir in 1983, and the artificial spawning sites realize the spawning of the plagiognathops microlepis in new natural spawning sites mainly through the change of hydrological conditions, but do not relate to the improvement of the matrix components of the spawning sites. The subsequent construction of artificial spawning sites of inner Mongolian Darland lakes and the design scheme of the artificial fish spawning sites of hydropower stations at two river mouths of Yamo river are based on changing hydrological conditions and do not relate to the transformation of the matrix components of the spawning sites. In recent years, in the research of biology for protecting Qinling mountain brachymystax lenok and Changjiang sturgeon, researchers respectively build artificial spawning sites for the two fishes indoors in Qinling mountain areas and Jingzhou areas, and successfully realize that the two fishes naturally breed in the artificial spawning sites, but the two artificial spawning sites are gravel spawning sites instead of muddy spawning sites.
In the aspect of carrying out the construction of artificial fish spawning sites abroad, the repair of the artificial spawning sites carried out by Galaxias mammatus in New Zealand mainly carries out the repair of vegetation in the spawning sites, and the vegetation is spawning substrates and does not relate to argillaceous substrates. In the south-central Washington, USA, when an artificial spawning river is built for the breeding of the big-scale salmon, the bottom material is transformed into a gravel type substrate, and a muddy substrate is not involved; no report of the argillaceous matrix is found in the research of artificial spawning sites of other fishes. In conclusion, artificial fish spawning sites of the muddy substrate type have not been presented in previous studies.
At present, patents of site selection and construction methods of muddy artificial spawning sites of schizothorax of plateau rivers are not retrieved, 3 patents related to the artificial spawning sites are found through retrieval, CN201310191740 is a construction method of artificial spawning sites of schizothorax of natural rivers, and in the patent, the artificial spawning sites are constructed by using substrates as sandstone substrates instead of muddy substrates; CN 201320259244-artificial fish spawning site, a baffle is arranged to slow down the adverse effect of clear water discharge on downstream river terrain, and the matrix is sand sediment or non-sediment; CN 201510292623-a method for recovering Songhuajiang fish resources by constructing an artificial spawning ground and an evaluation method of effect thereof, the matrix adopted by the method is a plant artificial fish nest, and the method is not suitable for schizothorax fish with pit digging habit.
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) is the highest Plateau in China and the highest altitude in the world, and is called as the "world ridge" and the "third pole". The natural history of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is extremely young, is influenced by various factors, forms the highest and youngest natural geographic unit which is tightly combined with horizontal zonal and vertical zonal in the world, is influenced by factors such as bad natural conditions, and the research on the plateau fish spawning site is extremely lacking. The annual average temperature of the plateau abdominal region is below 0 ℃, the altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is generally between 3000 and 5000 meters, the average altitude is more than 4000 meters, the significance of river source rivers in keeping water ecological health is great, and schizothorax fish as an important biodiversity maintainer in a water ecological system needs to be subjected to key protection. Under the influence of human activities, warm and humid factors and other factors, the current fishes face unfavorable survival factors such as stealing, excessive catching and the like, and the resource amount is gradually reduced; human activities such as bridge repair, road building and the like also damage the spawning site of the plateau fishes, so that the invention needs to provide a site selection and construction method for the artificial spawning site of the plateau fishes, and increase the suitable spawning site area of the schizothorax fishes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a site selection and construction method for a muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of a plateau river, which comprises the following steps of site selection in a proper river section, wherein the site selection is positioned in a slow flow zone of a flood plain bank zone of a braided branched river and meets two conditions: firstly, the flow velocity of the area is small during water rising, the area is suitable for the schizothorax biddulphi to lay eggs, and the eggs are not washed away by water flow; secondly, the spawning site is smooth, and the egg grains are easy to attach to a spawning pit; secondly, constructing a bottom material of a spawning site, wherein the first step of constructing the bottom material is to meet the digging action beneficial to schizothorax fish; and secondly, the bottom material condition is favorable for maintaining the stability of the spawning site and the spawning pit, and the spawning pit is prevented from collapsing after the schizothorax fish spawns.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for site selection and construction of a muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of a plateau river comprises the following steps:
step one, site selection of muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of plateau river
Taking a flood plain river bank area of the braided bifurcate river section as an artificial spawning site construction site, wherein the site is submerged by flood when water rises, but the river channel is exposed when the water is removed, a small amount of water flow is still left in a dry season, and the flow rate of the water flow is small;
step two, digging the artificial spawning site to a depth of 30-40cm
Selecting a flood plain river flood bank area with the length of 200-300m and the width of 3-4m, digging the depth of original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials in the river section area of the artificial spawning site to 30-40cm, and transporting the earthwork of the original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials to a downstream river channel to ensure that the removed earthwork does not influence the hydrological situation of the artificial spawning site;
step three, preparation of argillaceous matrix
The argillaceous matrix is formed by uniformly mixing plateau black soil and palm skin or raw hemp threads according to the volume of 2:1-1:1, and the length of the palm skin or the raw hemp threads is 30-40 cm;
step four, covering the muddy substrate prepared in the step three on an artificial spawning site;
flatly covering the muddy substrate to an artificial spawning site, wherein the thickness of the muddy substrate is 30-40 cm; leveling the topography of the artificial spawning site, removing raised substrate, and filling and leveling sunken substrate pits;
step five, remodeling of the topography of the spawning site
And (3) molding the surface of the artificial spawning site according to the hydraulic gradient of a certain river slope.
Further, the hydraulic gradient of the river slope in the fifth step is designed to be 3/10000-10/10000.
Further, also comprises
Step six, evaluating the effect of the artificial spawning ground
During natural fish reproduction, after the artificial spawning ground is subjected to water rising and water falling of river water, the artificial spawning ground is used for checking the pitting phenomenon of schizothorax fish and the spawning condition, and the spawning scale is evaluated.
The invention has the positive effects that:
(1) an artificial spawning site is built in a flood bank area of the braided bifurcated river section, so that the area of the spawning site of the native schizothorax is increased, and the recovery of fish resource amount is facilitated;
(2) the muddy substrate is used as the artificial spawning site substrate, so that damage to hip fins of schizothorax can be reduced when the hip fins are dug, the success rate of digging is increased, the time effect of digging is increased, and the effective spawning time is prolonged;
(3) after the muddy matrix is added with the palm skin or the raw hemp filaments, the stability of the spawning pit is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a site-selecting river section of an artificial spawning site of Benqu fish according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shape of a muddy narrow-banded spawning ground of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the modified excavation depth of the bottom material of the artificial spawning ground of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an artificial spawning site packing matrix of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention after flat covering of the spawning site with a muddy substrate.
In the figure: 1-artificial spawning site location; 2-position of main river channel of river; 3-narrow band-shaped spawning ground; 4-intermittent or continuous spawning pits distributed on a spawning site; 5-riverbed; 6-removing the surface layer of the original riverbed substrate; 7-plateau black soil; 8-palm skin or raw hemp thread; 9-river line; 10-river water body; 11-the surface of the riverbed; 12-artificial spawning ground substrate; 13-gravel type riverbed.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The Yangtze river Tuo river, Dangqu and Chumari river are all located in the abdominal land of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and schizothorax biddulphi is the main fish. The suitable spawning ground is a necessary condition for schizothorax prenanti breeding and is an important guarantee for species to be continued. The schizothorax prenanti-breeding method is characterized in that schizothorax prenanti distributed in plateau areas produce sinking eggs, the egg laying behavior occurs in rivers with certain flow rate, and the behavior of digging pits first and then laying eggs is performed in the breeding period. Based on the above biological characteristics, the present invention aims to: according to the habit that plateau schizothorax biddulphi has digging pits to lay eggs, the mud is used as a substrate for plateau schizothorax biddi to lay eggs, so that the damage of digging pits to hip fins during breeding of parent schizothorax biddi is reduced, and parent fish is protected; meanwhile, the muddy substrate can save the time for digging the schizothorax, increase the effective time for spawning and increase the success rate of natural propagation. In addition, the schizothorax has the behavior of digging a pit first and then laying eggs in the pit during the egg laying period, the design of the egg laying pit is not needed, otherwise, the digging behavior is lost, and the schizothorax can not lay eggs on the substrate. In general, site selection and spawning site matrix supply are important steps in the implementation of artificial spawning sites for schizothorax fish, and the prior inventions lack site selection and construction methods related to artificial spawning sites with muddy matrix.
The invention aims to provide a site selection and construction method for a muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of a plateau river, which is characterized in that by selecting a proper river section, the flow velocity of the area is small when water rises, the schizothorax is suitable for spawning, spawns are not washed away by water flow, the spawning site is smooth, and the spawns are easy to attach to a spawning pit; in addition, a bottom material of the spawning ground is built, pit digging behaviors beneficial to schizothorax fish are met, meanwhile, the stability of the spawning ground and the spawning pits is beneficial to maintenance, and the spawning pits are prevented from collapsing after the schizothorax fish spawns. The following is a detailed description of specific examples.
Example 1: site selection and construction of artificial spawning site with length of 100m
(1) Argillaceous artificial spawning ground for schizothorax of plateau river
The flood plain river bank area of the curved-braid branching river section is used as an artificial spawning site building place, the artificial spawning site is submerged by flood when water rises, but the river channel is exposed when the water is removed, but a small amount of water flow is still left in a dry season, and the flow rate of the water flow is small.
The site selection position of the artificial spawning site is shown in fig. 1, and the site selection position 1 of the artificial spawning site is located in a flood bank area of the braided bifurcated river section, is higher than the main river channel 2 and is located in the bank area of the river channel. In the dry season, a small stream of water flow of the main flow from the upstream is injected, the flow rate is slow, and an icing scene is formed in winter; in the flood period in summer, along with the flood process, the main water level of the river is lifted at the moment, the region plays a flood-carrying role, fishes dig pits and lay eggs in the region along with the flood process, after laying eggs is completed, parent fishes return to a main river channel, fertilized eggs finish development and incubation in the laying pits of a laying field, and when subsequent flood arrives, incubated fry enter the downstream young fish and young fish cable bait field region of the laying field along with the flood.
(2) The artificial spawning ground is dug to 30cm
As shown in FIG. 2, the river flood beach surge area is selected to be about 200m in length and 3m in width as an artificial spawning site section. The shape of the argillaceous egg laying site is distributed along the water flow direction from the upstream to the downstream and is in a narrow band shape. The terrain is relatively horizontal, and the hydraulic gradient of the river slope is designed to be 3/10000-10/10000. The number 4 in FIG. 2 indicates the presence of intermittent or continuous spawning pits distributed on the spawning ground. The cobblestones and gravel bottom materials at the river section of the artificial spawning site are dug to a depth of 30cm (as shown in figure 3, the number 5 in figure 3 is a river bed, generally a gravel bottom material, the number 6 is a removed part of the surface layer of the original river bed substrate, the length is about 200, the width is 3m, and the depth is 30cm), the original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials are transported to a downstream river channel, and the transport distance ensures that the removed earthwork does not influence the hydrological situation of the artificial spawning site.
(3) Preparing a muddy substrate;
the argillaceous matrix is formed by uniformly mixing plateau black soil 7 and palm skin or raw hemp 8 according to the volume ratio of 2:1, and the length of the palm skin or raw hemp 8 is about 30cm, as shown in figure 4;
(4) covering the spawning site with the muddy substrate;
flatly covering the muddy substrate to an artificial spawning site, wherein the thickness of the muddy substrate is about 30 cm;
(5) reconstruction of spawning ground topography
Removing raised bottom materials of the artificial spawning site, filling and leveling sunken bottom material pits, and reshaping the slope of the river channel to ensure that the hydraulic gradient is 3/10000, as shown in figure 5, wherein the reference numeral 9 is a river water line; reference numeral 10 is a river water body; reference numeral 11 is a riverbed surface; reference numeral 12 is an artificial spawning ground substrate; reference numeral 13 is an oval gravel type river bed.
(6) Evaluation of the Effect of an Artificial spawning ground
During natural propagation of schizothorax prenanti, after the artificial spawning ground is subjected to water rising and water falling of river water, the pit digging phenomenon and spawning condition of the schizothorax prenanti are checked in the artificial spawning ground, and spawning scale is evaluated.
In 2019, 6 and 30 months, a large number of distributed egg laying pits of schizothorax prenanti are monitored in a muddy spawning site as shown in figure 2, and high-density schizothorax prenanti larval fish which is just hatched is found, the density is 1953 fish/square meter, which indicates that the muddy spawning site is used for schizothorax prenanti parent fish, is suitable for the spawning of the schizothorax prenanti and is suitable for the hatching of the larval fish.
Example 2: site selection and construction of artificial spawning site with length of 200m
(1) Argillaceous artificial spawning ground for schizothorax of plateau river
The flood plain river bank area of the curved-braid branching river section is used as an artificial spawning site building place, the artificial spawning site is submerged by flood when water rises, but the river channel is exposed when the water is removed, but a small amount of water flow is still left in a dry season, and the flow rate of the water flow is small.
(2) Digging the artificial spawning ground to 35cm
The river flood beach slow flow area is about 200m in length and 3.5m in width as the section of the artificial spawning site. The cobblestones and gravel bottom materials at the river section of the artificial spawning site are dug to the depth of 35cm, the earthwork of the original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials is transported to a downstream river channel, and the transport distance ensures that the removed earthwork does not influence the hydrological situation of the artificial spawning site.
(3) Preparing a muddy substrate;
the argillaceous matrix is formed by uniformly mixing plateau black soil and palm skin or raw hemp threads according to the volume ratio of 3:2, and the length of the palm skin or the raw hemp threads is about 35 cm;
(4) covering the spawning site with the muddy substrate;
flatly covering the argillaceous matrix to a spawning site, wherein the thickness of the argillaceous matrix is about 35 cm;
(5) reconstruction of spawning ground topography
Removing raised bottom materials of the artificial spawning site, filling and leveling sunken bottom material pits, and remodeling the slope of the river channel to ensure that the hydraulic slope is 5/10000.
(6) Evaluation of the Effect of an Artificial spawning ground
During natural propagation of schizothorax prenanti, after the artificial spawning ground is subjected to water rising and water falling of river water, the pit digging phenomenon and spawning condition of the schizothorax prenanti are checked in the artificial spawning ground, and spawning scale is evaluated.
And 6, 30 days in 2019, a large number of distributed schizothorax bivalve spawning pits are monitored in a muddy spawning site, and high-density schizothorax bivalve fry which are just hatched are found, wherein the density is 934 tails per square meter, which indicates that the muddy spawning site is used for schizothorax bivalve parent fish, is suitable for the schizothorax bivalve spawning and is suitable for hatching the fry.
Example 3: site selection and construction of 300m long artificial spawning site
(1) Site selection of muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of plateau river
The flood plain river bank area of the curved-braid branching river section is used as an artificial spawning site building place, the artificial spawning site is submerged by flood when water rises, but the river channel is exposed when the water is removed, but a small amount of water flow is still left in a dry season, and the flow rate of the water flow is small.
(2) The artificial spawning ground is dug to the depth of 40cm
The river flood beach slow flow area is about 300m in length and 4m in width as the section of the artificial spawning site. The cobblestones and gravel bottom materials at the river section of the artificial spawning site are dug to the depth of 40cm, the earthwork of the original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials is transported to a downstream river channel, and the transport distance ensures that the removed earthwork does not influence the hydrological situation of the artificial spawning site.
(3) Preparing a muddy substrate;
the argillaceous matrix is formed by uniformly mixing plateau black soil and palm skin or raw hemp threads according to the volume of 1:1, and the length of the palm skin or the raw hemp threads is about 40 cm;
(4) covering the spawning site with the muddy substrate;
flatly covering the argillaceous matrix to a spawning site, wherein the thickness of the argillaceous matrix is about 40 cm;
(5) reconstruction of spawning ground topography
Removing raised bottom materials of the artificial spawning site, filling and leveling sunken bottom material pits, and remodeling the slope of the river channel to ensure that the hydraulic slope is 10/10000.
(6) Evaluation of the Effect of an Artificial spawning ground
During natural propagation of schizothorax prenanti, after the artificial spawning ground is subjected to water rising and water falling of river water, the pit digging phenomenon and spawning condition of the schizothorax prenanti are checked in the artificial spawning ground, and spawning scale is evaluated.
And 6, 30 days in 2019, a large number of distributed schizothorax bivalve spawning pits are monitored in a muddy spawning site, and high-density schizothorax bivalve fry which are just hatched are found, wherein the density is 1100 fish per square meter, which indicates that the muddy spawning site is used for schizothorax bivalve parent fish, is suitable for the schizothorax bivalve spawning and is suitable for hatching the fry.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for site selection and construction of a muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of a plateau river is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, site selection of muddy artificial spawning site of schizothorax of plateau river
Taking a flood plain river bank area of the braided bifurcate river section as an artificial spawning site construction site, wherein the site is submerged by flood when water rises, but the river channel is exposed when the water is removed, a small amount of water flow is still left in a dry season, and the flow rate of the water flow is small;
step two, digging the artificial spawning site to a depth of 30-40cm
Selecting a flood plain river flood bank area with the length of 200-300m and the width of 3-4m, digging the depth of original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials in the river section area of the artificial spawning site to 30-40cm, and transporting the earthwork of the original cobblestones and gravel bottom materials to a downstream river channel to ensure that the removed earthwork does not influence the hydrological situation of the artificial spawning site;
step three, preparation of argillaceous matrix
The argillaceous matrix is formed by uniformly mixing plateau black soil and palm skin or raw hemp threads according to the volume of 2:1-1:1, and the length of the palm skin or the raw hemp threads is 30-40 cm;
step four, covering the muddy substrate prepared in the step three on an artificial spawning site;
flatly covering the muddy substrate to an artificial spawning site, wherein the thickness of the muddy substrate is 30-40 cm; leveling the topography of the artificial spawning site, removing raised substrate, and filling and leveling sunken substrate pits;
step five, remodeling of the topography of the spawning site
And (3) molding the surface of the artificial spawning site according to the hydraulic gradient of a certain river slope.
2. The method for site selection and construction of the muddy artificial spawning site of the schizothorax of the plateau river as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the fifth step, the hydraulic gradient of the river slope is designed to be 3/10000-10/10000.
3. The method for site selection and construction of the muddy artificial spawning site of the schizothorax of the plateau river as claimed in claim 1, wherein: also comprises
Step six, evaluating the effect of the artificial spawning ground
During natural fish reproduction, after the artificial spawning ground is subjected to water rising and water falling of river water, the artificial spawning ground is used for checking the pitting phenomenon of schizothorax fish and the spawning condition, and the spawning scale is evaluated.
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| CN115467281B (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2023-06-27 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Construction method of spawning site of split-belly fish in canyon water-reducing river reach |
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| CN103270983A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-09-04 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Method for constructing schizothoracinae artificial spawning site in natural river |
| CN203369224U (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-01-01 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Artificial spawning site for fishes |
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| CN203369224U (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2014-01-01 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Artificial spawning site for fishes |
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