CN112299925A - Organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000244203 Caenorhabditis elegans Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000233647 Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and relates to an organic fertilizer based on multi-source organic wastes, and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides an organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-35 parts of bone residues, 25-30 parts of oil residues, 20-30 parts of bamboo residues, 5-10 parts of white fertilizer residues, 10-15 parts of sawdust powder, 0.1-0.2 part of zymophyte, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source and 0-5 parts of filler; the zymocyte comprises deodorization zymocyte and decomposed zymocyte. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can consume organic wastes, and solves the environmental protection pressure of gelatin production enterprises; the organic fertilizer provided by the invention contains organic matters and various elements required by plant growth and development such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and the like, can effectively increase the granular structure and the micro-granular structure of soil, improve the pH value of the soil, relieve and inhibit diseases and continuous cropping obstacles at the roots of crops, improve the quality of the crops and passivate heavy metals in the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer based on multi-source organic wastes, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is a large population country, is a large agricultural country, is a new industrial country, and is a large, medium and small-sized production, processing and manufacturing enterprise all over the country. Various enterprises can produce wastes in different degrees, wherein the organic wastes discharged by the enterprises taking plants and animals as raw materials are various in types (bone residues, bamboo residues, oil residues, sawdust powder and the like) and large in quantity, and the agricultural utilization resource potential is very great. However, the utilization efficiency of the organic matter resources in China is low, if gelatin enterprises producing western medicine capsule shells generate a large amount of organic wastes mainly containing bone residues every year, and 40-50 million tons of the organic wastes are treated urgently in China every year. The treatment and utilization of organic wastes have plagued enterprises, local residents and governments at all levels for many years. The direct consumption and treatment of the organic wastes cause not little economic loss for a plurality of production enterprises, restrict the development of the enterprises and become the bottleneck of transformation and upgrading of the production enterprises. And the conventional organic waste treatment method is easy to cause air pollution and water body pollution, and harms the normal work and life of people. The amount of the organic waste discharged by industry is large, the treatment difficulty is high, the environmental protection cost is high, and the investment of enterprises in the environmental protection aspect is large. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method for reducing the environmental burden of enterprises mainly discharging organic wastes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an organic fertilizer based on multi-source organic wastes and a preparation method and application thereof. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively utilize organic wastes produced by enterprises, improve the quality of crops and adjust the pH value of soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste, wherein the organic waste comprises bone residues, bamboo residues, oil residues and sawdust powder, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-35 parts of bone residues, 25-30 parts of oil residues, 20-30 parts of bamboo residues, 5-10 parts of white fertilizer residues, 10-15 parts of sawdust powder, 0.2-0.4 part of zymophyte, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source and 0-5 parts of filler; the zymocyte comprises deodorization zymocyte and decomposed zymocyte.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the deodorizing zymophyte to the decomposing zymophyte is 1: 1; the number of effective live bacteria of the fermentation deodorization bacteria and the decomposed fermentation bacteria is more than or equal to 300 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the bone residue source comprises waste materials of gelatin manufacturers; the oil residue source comprises wastes of animal and vegetable oil production plants; the source of the bamboo slag comprises waste of a paper mill; the white fertilizer slag is prepared from wastes of feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate manufacturers; sources of the sawdust powder include waste from wood processing plants.
Preferably, the dry matter component of the bone residue comprises organic matter, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide; the dry matter component of the oil residue comprises organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the dry matter components of the bamboo slag comprise organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the dry matter components of the white fertilizer slag comprise phosphorus pentoxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate; the dry matter components of the sawdust powder comprise organic matters, potassium carbonate and free potassium elements.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing the bone residues, the bamboo residues, the fillers and the deodorization fermentation bacteria, performing deodorization fermentation for 10-15 days to obtain a material subjected to deodorization fermentation, mixing the material subjected to deodorization fermentation with the oil residues, the white fertilizer residues, the sawdust powder, the nitrogen source and the decomposition fermentation bacteria, and performing decomposition fermentation for 20-25 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the temperatures of the deodorization fermentation and the decomposition fermentation are respectively 55-65 ℃.
The invention provides application of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method in improving crop yield and/or adjusting the pH value of soil and/or alleviating crop diseases.
Preferably, the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 60-150 kg/mu.
The invention provides an organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-35 parts of bone residues, 25-30 parts of oil residues, 20-30 parts of bamboo residues, 5-10 parts of white fertilizer residues, 10-15 parts of sawdust powder, 0.1-0.2 part of zymophyte, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source and 0-5 parts of filler; the zymocyte comprises deodorization zymocyte and decomposed zymocyte; the mass ratio of the deodorizing zymophyte to the decomposing zymophyte is 1: 1; the number of effective live bacteria of the fermentation deodorization bacteria and the decomposed fermentation bacteria is more than or equal to 300 hundred million/g. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can scientifically consume organic wastes, and effectively solves the environmental protection pressure of gelatin production enterprises. Meanwhile, the product provided by the invention contains rich organic matters, major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements such as iron and manganese, can effectively increase the granular structure and the micro-granular structure of the soil, improve the pH value of the soil, reduce and inhibit diseases and continuous cropping obstacles at the roots of crops, improve the quality of the crops and passivate heavy metals in the soil.
Although some people in the prior art use the waste left by enterprise production as fertilizer, the prior art still has certain limitations. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention has comprehensive nutrition and wide pH value application range, can still achieve the technical effect of improving soil in acid soil in the south, and has a remarkable effect of improving the soil texture.
The organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention is suitable for the soil of different regions, the matching proportion of the raw materials can be flexibly selected, and organic fertilizers suitable for the pH characteristics of the soil of different regions, such as acidic organic fertilizers suitable for the saline-alkali soil in the north, neutral organic fertilizers suitable for the neutral soil in the central region and alkaline organic fertilizers suitable for the acidic soil in the south can be produced;
2. the variety of the medium and trace elements is complete, the growth and development requirements of crops can be met, and the stress resistance of the crops is enhanced;
3. the organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium has sufficient nutrient content, not only meets the national organic fertilizer standard requirement, but also can meet the crop nutrition requirement;
4. the fertilizer does not contain livestock manure, does not contain antibiotics, escherichia coli and roundworm eggs, does not cause pollution and harm to soil, is safe to crop products, and is a preferred fertilizer for producing organic and green agricultural products.
The embodiment shows that the organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively play roles in reducing crop diseases, improving the pH value of soil, increasing the crop yield and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of pH of soil after applying the organic fertilizer of example 2;
FIG. 2 shows the index change of the tobacco plants in the clumping stage after the organic fertilizer of example 2 is added;
FIG. 3 shows the tobacco plant index change in vigorous growth period after applying the organic fertilizer of example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste, wherein the organic waste comprises bone residues, bamboo residues, oil residues and sawdust powder, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-35 parts of bone residues, 25-30 parts of oil residues, 20-30 parts of bamboo residues, 5-10 parts of white fertilizer residues, 10-15 parts of sawdust powder, 0.2-0.4 part of zymophyte, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source and 0-5 parts of filler; the zymocyte comprises deodorization zymocyte and decomposed zymocyte; the mass ratio of the deodorizing zymophyte to the decomposing zymophyte is 1: 1; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation deodorization bacteria and the decomposed fermentation bacteria is more than or equal to 300 hundred million/g.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 30-35 parts of bone residues by mass, and more preferably 33 parts of bone residues. In the present invention, the bone residue is preferably derived from waste materials (bone residues) of gelatin manufacturers, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the bone residue is derived from a gelatin manufacturer in Sichuan province. The dry matter in the bone residue preferably comprises organic matter, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, the mass percentage of the organic matter in the dry matter is preferably 30%, the mass percentage of the phosphorus pentoxide in the dry matter is preferably 6% -8%, further preferably 8%, the mass percentage of the calcium oxide in the dry matter is preferably 20% -25%, further preferably 25%, and the mass percentage of the magnesium oxide in the dry matter is preferably 1% -3%, further preferably 3%.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 25-30 parts of oil residue, and more preferably 28 parts of the oil residue on the basis of the mass parts of the bone residue. In the present invention, the source of the oil residue preferably includes wastes from animal and vegetable oil production plants, and the oil residue source used in the embodiment of the present invention is a related production plant of metropolis. The dry matter in the oil residue preferably comprises an organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the mass percentage of the organic matter in the dry matter is preferably 60%, and the mass percentage of the total amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the dry matter is preferably 1% -2%.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 20-30 parts of bamboo residues, and more preferably 20 parts of the bamboo residues on the basis of the parts by mass of the bone residues. In the present invention, the source of the bamboo dregs preferably includes waste of paper mill, and the source of the bamboo dregs used in the embodiment of the present invention is a related production plant of Sichuan province. The dry matter in the bamboo slag preferably comprises an organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the mass percentage of the organic matter in the dry matter is preferably 55%, and the mass percentage of the total amount of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the dry matter is preferably 2% -3%.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 5-10 parts of nitrogen source, and more preferably 5 parts of bone residue by mass. In the present invention, the nitrogen source preferably includes urea.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 5-10 parts of white fertilizer residues, and more preferably 8 parts of bone residues by mass. In the invention, the source of the white fertilizer slag preferably comprises wastes of feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate manufacturers, and dry substances in the white fertilizer slag preferably comprise phosphorus pentoxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 10-15 parts of saw dust powder by mass, and more preferably 12.7 parts of bone residues. In the present invention, the source of the sawdust preferably comprises waste of a wood processing plant, the dry matter in the sawdust preferably comprises organic matter, potassium carbonate and free potassium element, and the sawdust preferably also comprises a small amount of free phosphorus element and free nitrogen element.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 0.2-0.4 part of zymophyte, and more preferably 0.3 part of bone residue by mass.
The raw materials of the organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprise 0-5 parts of fillers by mass based on the bone residues. In the invention, the filling material preferably comprises straw powder, fermented and activated grass carbon, livestock manure or furfural slag, and further preferably straw powder.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by compounding and utilizing various organic wastes generated by various enterprises, so that the organic wastes produced by the enterprises can be fully utilized, the waste materials are changed into valuable materials, the utilization rate of the organic wastes is improved, the organic fertilizer becomes an organic fertilizer with useful value, the organic fertilizer prepared by compounding and utilizing the organic wastes also has the effects of improving the quality of crops, adjusting the pH value of soil and the like, can meet the requirements of the soil with different pH values on the adjustment of the pH value, and lays a foundation for weight reduction and synergism.
The sources of the raw materials of the organic fertilizer are from market circulation channels well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: mixing the bone residues, the bamboo residues, the fillers and the deodorizing fermentation bacteria, deodorizing and fermenting for 15 days to obtain a deodorizing fermented material, mixing the deodorizing fermented material with the oil residues, the white fertilizer residues, the sawdust powder, the nitrogen source and the decomposing fermentation bacteria, and performing decomposing fermentation for 25 days to obtain the organic fertilizer, wherein the deodorizing fermentation temperature is preferably 55-65 ℃, and the decomposing fermentation temperature is preferably 55-65 ℃. The invention preferably stops the decomposition fermentation when the temperature of the fermentation material begins to decline gradually and is reduced to the normal temperature state, and the material has no odor and is loose. In the invention, the organic fertilizer is fermented at a proper temperature, so that harmful bacteria and roundworm eggs in the material to be fermented can be effectively killed, the growth and the propagation of beneficial bacteria are ensured, the loss of carbon in organic matters can be effectively avoided, the volatilization and the loss in the organic nitrogen conversion process can be reduced, the air pollution and the environment damage can be avoided, and the preparation method is an environment-friendly preparation method.
In the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method, the total of organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, the content of effective calcium is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of effective magnesium is more than or equal to 0.5 percent, the water content is less than or equal to 20 weight percent, and indexes of harmful heavy metals, ascarid eggs, coliform bacteria, antibiotics and the like are in the range specified by the state.
The invention also provides application of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in improving crop yield. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve the crop yield by 24.9% -46.7%. In the invention, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is preferably 60-150 kg/mu, and more preferably 150 kg/mu.
The invention also provides application of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in adjusting the pH value of soil. The organic fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively improve the pH value of soil, thereby improving the cultivation environment of crops. In the invention, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is preferably 60-150 kg/mu, and more preferably 60 kg/mu or 150 kg/mu.
The invention also provides application of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in reducing crop diseases. After the organic fertilizer provided by the invention is applied, the condition of crop infection diseases can be obviously reduced, and the diseases preferably comprise powdery mildew, southern blight, root rot, black shank, brown spot and bacterial wilt. In the invention, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is preferably 60-150 kg/mu, and more preferably 60 kg/mu or 150 kg/mu.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste and the preparation method and application thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking 30 parts of bone residues, 25 parts of oil residues, 20 parts of bamboo residues, 5 parts of white fertilizer residues, 10 parts of saw dust powder, 5 parts of nitrogen source, 0.1 part of deodorizing zymophyte, 0.1 part of decomposing zymophyte and 4.8 parts of straw powder.
Stirring, uniformly mixing and fermenting lime slag, bamboo slag, straw powder and deodorizing fermentation bacteria for 15 days at the fermentation temperature of 55-65 ℃. When the fermentation temperature exceeds 65 ℃, the temperature is reduced by turning over the pile, and when the fermentation temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the temperature of the materials is increased to 55 ℃ by film covering and heating up and heat supplementing.
Uniformly mixing the deodorized materials with oil residue, white fertilizer residue, sawdust powder, nitrogen and decomposed zymophyte, fermenting at 55-65 ℃ for 25 days, and turning over every 7 days during fermentation. And after 25 days, the materials are cooled by turning the piles, so that the temperature of the materials is kept relatively consistent with the air temperature, and the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Example 2
Taking 31 parts of bone residues, 25 parts of oil residues, 21 parts of bamboo residues, 5 parts of white fertilizer residues, 12.7 parts of sawdust powder, 5 parts of nitrogen source, 0.15 part of deodorizing zymophyte and 0.15 part of decomposing zymophyte.
Stirring, uniformly mixing and fermenting the lime slag, the bamboo slag and the deodorizing zymophyte for deodorizing, wherein the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days.
Stirring, uniformly mixing and fermenting the lime slag, the bamboo slag and the deodorizing zymophyte for deodorizing, wherein the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days. When the fermentation temperature exceeds 65 ℃, the temperature is reduced by turning over the pile, and when the fermentation temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the temperature of the materials is increased to 55 ℃ by film covering and heating up and heat supplementing.
Uniformly mixing the deodorized materials with oil residue, white fertilizer residue, sawdust powder, nitrogen and decomposed zymophyte, fermenting at 55-65 ℃ for 25 days, and turning over every 7 days during fermentation. And after 25 days, the materials are cooled by turning the piles, so that the temperature of the materials is kept relatively consistent with the air temperature, and the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Example 3
Taking 35 parts of bone residues, 20 parts of oil residues, 30 parts of bamboo residues, 3 parts of white fertilizer residues, 5 parts of sawdust powder, 6.6 parts of nitrogen source, 0.2 part of deodorizing zymophyte and 0.2 part of decomposing zymophyte.
Stirring, uniformly mixing and fermenting the lime slag, the bamboo slag and the deodorizing zymophyte for deodorizing, wherein the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days.
Stirring, uniformly mixing and fermenting the lime slag, the bamboo slag and the deodorizing zymophyte for deodorizing, wherein the fermentation temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days. When the fermentation temperature exceeds 65 ℃, the temperature is reduced by turning over the pile, and when the fermentation temperature is lower than 55 ℃, the temperature of the materials is increased to 55 ℃ by film covering and heating up and heat supplementing.
Uniformly mixing the deodorized materials with oil residue, white fertilizer residue, sawdust powder, nitrogen and decomposed zymophyte, fermenting at 55-65 ℃ for 25 days, and turning over every 7 days during fermentation. And after 25 days, the materials are cooled by turning the piles, so that the temperature of the materials is kept relatively consistent with the air temperature, and the organic fertilizer is obtained.
Application example 1
Test site: chongqing stone pillar;
test subjects: 1-5 years of coptis chinensis;
the types and the dosage of the fertilizers are as follows: the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment 3 is used in an amount of 150 kg/mu; the others are commercial organic fertilizers, and the dosage is 150 kg/mu.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of the incidence, growth and pH variation of the soil for different organic fertilizers
Wherein the yield per mu of five-year-shares coptis chinensis is 254.6 kg, the yield per mu of five-year-shares coptis chinensis is 203.7 kg, and the yield of coptis chinensis is improved by 24.9% after the organic fertilizer provided in example 3 is applied.
As can be seen from the comparison of the table 1 and the yield, under the condition of equal fertilization and management, the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment 3 of the invention has great effect compared with local commercial organic fertilizer products, namely the improvement of the pH value of soil, the reduction of the disease condition of coptis chinensis, the improvement of the plant growth condition and the improvement of the yield of coptis chinensis.
Application example 2
Test site: tests are respectively carried out in the smoke areas of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Hunan;
test subjects: tobacco;
the types and the dosage of the fertilizers are as follows: the dosage of the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment 1 is 60 kg/mu; the commercial organic fertilizer is used in an amount of 60 kg/mu; lime with the dosage of 60 kg/mu; the CK group of tobacco did not have any fertilizer applied.
The test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 statistics of tobacco incidence, growth, soil pH and yield for different fertilizers applied
As can be seen from Table 2, the application of the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention can significantly improve the disease resistance of tobacco, improve the growth condition of tobacco, significantly improve the pH value of soil after the application of the organic fertilizer, and greatly (46.7%) increase the tobacco yield.
Application example 3
Test site: panzhihua city of Sichuan province, prefecture county and Yanbian;
test subjects: tobacco;
test time: beginning in 2019 at month 5;
the types and the dosage of the fertilizers are as follows: the dosage of the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment 2 is 60 kg/mu; the CK group of tobacco did not have any fertilizer applied.
The field pH test was performed on the rural and rural model tobacco fields in 2019, 7, 15, and the test results are shown in table 3 and fig. 1.
After the tobacco seedlings enter the clumping stage, data acquisition of soil acid regulation and disease resistance demonstration is carried out, and the data are shown in table 4 and fig. 2.
After the tobacco seedlings enter the vigorous growth period, data acquisition of soil acid regulation and disease resistance demonstration is carried out, and the data are shown in table 5 and fig. 3.
TABLE 3 change in pH of soil after application of organic fertilizer of example 2
TABLE 4 Change in biological Properties of Nicotiana tabacum plants in the clumping stage after application of the organic fertilizer of example 2
TABLE 5 flourishing Long-term tobacco plant biological trait Change following application of the organic Fertilizer of example 2
As can be seen from the table 3 and the figure 1, except that the pH value of the test point 4 is reduced due to unknown reasons, the other test points have the technical effect of increasing the pH value of the soil, and the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment 2 of the invention effectively improves the environment of the tobacco cultivation soil.
As can be seen from Table 4 and FIG. 2, the tobacco seedlings to which the organic fertilizer provided in example 2 was applied grew better than the CK group. Tobacco seedlings from both the example group and the CK group had tobacco mosaic and black shank infections of varying degrees during the tobacco stand. However, the disease incidence rate of the example group was 10%, that of the CK group was 18.5%, and the disease incidence rate of the demonstration area was lower than that of the CK group.
As is clear from Table 5 and FIG. 3, the growth of tobacco seedlings with the organic fertilizer provided in example 2 was better than that of the CK group. In the vigorous growth phase of tobacco, tobacco seedlings of the example group and the CK group had tobacco mosaic infections of varying degrees. However, the disease incidence rate of the example group is 4.16%, the disease incidence rate of the CK group is 12%, and the disease incidence rate of the demonstration area is lower than that of the CK group.
In conclusion, after the organic fertilizer provided by the invention is applied, the soil condition is greatly improved, the yield of crops is effectively improved, the disease incidence rate of the crops is reduced, the quality of crop products is further improved, and the economic benefit of growers is improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An organic fertilizer based on multisource organic waste, wherein the organic waste comprises bone residues, bamboo residues, oil residues and sawdust powder, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-35 parts of bone residues, 25-30 parts of oil residues, 20-30 parts of bamboo residues, 5-10 parts of white fertilizer residues, 10-15 parts of sawdust powder, 0.2-0.4 part of zymophyte, 5-10 parts of nitrogen source and 0-5 parts of filler; the zymocyte comprises deodorization zymocyte and decomposed zymocyte.
2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the deodorizing fermentation tubes to the decomposing fermentation tubes is 1: 1; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation deodorization bacteria and the decomposed fermentation bacteria is more than or equal to 300 hundred million/g.
3. The organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said source of bone ash comprises waste material from gelatin manufacturers; the oil residue source comprises wastes of animal and vegetable oil production plants; the source of the bamboo slag comprises waste of a paper mill; the white fertilizer slag is prepared from wastes of feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate manufacturers; sources of the sawdust powder include waste from wood processing plants.
4. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dry matter content of said bone residue comprises organic matter, phosphorus pentoxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide; the dry matter component of the oil residue comprises organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the dry matter components of the bamboo slag comprise organic matters and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the dry matter components of the white fertilizer slag comprise phosphorus pentoxide, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and manganese sulfate; the dry matter components of the sawdust powder comprise organic matters, potassium carbonate and free potassium elements.
5. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method for preparing comprises the following steps: mixing the bone residues, the bamboo residues, the fillers and the deodorization fermentation bacteria, performing deodorization fermentation for 10-15 days to obtain a material subjected to deodorization fermentation, mixing the material subjected to deodorization fermentation with the oil residues, the white fertilizer residues, the sawdust powder, the nitrogen source and the decomposition fermentation bacteria, and performing decomposition fermentation for 20-25 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the temperatures of the deodorizing fermentation and the decomposing fermentation are 55 to 65 ℃.
7. Use of the organic fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 4 or the organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of claim 5 for increasing crop yield and/or adjusting soil pH and/or alleviating crop diseases.
8. The use according to claim 6, wherein the organic fertilizer is used in an amount of 60 to 150 kg/acre.
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