CN112293309A

CN112293309A - Artificial breeding method of channa argus

Info

Publication number: CN112293309A
Application number: CN202011310348.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 齐鑫; 孙冬磊; 李昀; 温海深; 张凯强; 李建龙; 陈基伟; 张美昭; 肖兴晓
Original assignee: Ocean University of China
Current assignee: Ocean University of China
Priority date: 2020-11-20
Filing date: 2020-11-20
Publication date: 2021-02-02

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish reproductive physiology, and discloses an artificial breeding method of Channa argus, which comprises the steps of selecting male and female parent Channa argus with 2-3 ages, healthy body and good gonad development, and carrying out intensive cultivation on the parent Channa argus in a warm shed; preparing a breeding pool, namely adding soft, fresh and nontoxic floating aquatic weeds into the breeding pool, and simultaneously reducing direct irradiation of strong light; selecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic injection mode to carry out artificial ripening and spawning induction and mating fertilization; and (5) seedling breeding management. The artificial breeding method of the channa argus can obtain well-developed channa argus fries, is simple and convenient to operate, high in parent fish utilization rate, high in breeding success rate and high in fry survival rate, can realize large-scale production of channa argus fries, and has important significance for developing large-scale breeding of channa argus; meanwhile, the seedling emergence requires relatively simple environmental conditions and low cost. The method provides technical support for the breeding and breeding of snakehead fishes, and has important significance for developing large-scale snakehead fish culture.

Description

Artificial breeding method of channa argus

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish reproductive physiology, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding method of channa argus.

Background

At present, snakeheads (Channa argus) belong to Perciformes (Perciformes), snakeheads (Channidae) and snakeheads (Channa) and are commonly called snakeheads, raw fishes, snakeheads and the like, and are important freshwater economic fishes in China, the distribution range is wide, and the northern to Heilongjiang river basin, the south to the Sichuan, the Yunnan and the Guangdong are wide. The snakehead has dark body color and gray black color, and the head and the back of the body are symmetrically arranged with irregular patches.

The ophthallopathia argus (Albino Channa argus) is a Albino mutant generated by wild ophthallopathia argus gene mutation, is found in Shandong province for the first time, and the body color of the ophthallopathia argus appearing in the middle and downstream flow field of Jialing river of Sichuan province is reported to be light and grey. Different from the white snakehead, the mutant individual has golden yellow body surface and dark red eyeball due to complete lack of skin melanin, the body color and eyeball color of the golden snakehead are very similar to those of the wild snakehead, the golden snakehead has certain ornamental value due to golden yellow body, is favored by water lovers, and the market price is about 8-10 times of that of the snakehead.

The traditional snakehead artificial breeding method is to select mature snakehead parents and utilize carp, crucian Pituitary (PG) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) oxytocic hormone. Injecting according to the weight of HCG 1800-. And the body surface of the channa argus lacks melanin protection due to body color mutation, so that the tolerance to ultraviolet rays is poor. The survival rate of fry bred by the traditional method is low, the body color is generally regarded as an extremely important economic character in aquaculture and strain breeding, artificial breeding is the most important link in the artificial breeding process, breeding work of the snakeheads is more researched in recent years, von Xiaoyu and the like (2011) research on crossbreeding of the snakeheads and the snakeheads, and Yanhua and the like (2015) research on induction of triploid fry of the snakeheads, but relevant reports on the artificial breeding method of the snakeheads are not found. The research on the artificial breeding of the channa argus not only adds a new breeding material, but also provides support for the breeding of snakehead fishes and the development of the aquaculture industry in China.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the breeding efficiency of the snakehead fry bred by the traditional method is low, and the survival rate of the fry is reduced.

The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: the channa argus is a albino mutant strain, because the albino mutant strain is subjected to a higher selection level (namely, the phenotype specific mortality and/or the reproductive adaptability are reduced) than a normal individual in a natural environment, conditions such as hormone selection, application dosage and the like in an artificial breeding process need to be explored, and because the melanin protection is lacked, the stress resistance of the fry in the early hatching stage is weak, the requirements on the breeding environment and the selection of the initial feeding are different from those of the traditional mode.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the method can obtain well-developed snakehead fry, is simple and convenient to operate, high in parent fish utilization rate, high in breeding success rate and high in fry survival rate, can realize large-scale production of the snakehead fry, and has important significance for developing large-scale snakehead culture; meanwhile, the seedling emergence requires relatively simple environmental conditions and low cost. The method provides technical support for the breeding and breeding of snakehead fishes, and has important significance for developing large-scale snakehead fish culture.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an artificial breeding method of channa argus.

The invention is realized in this way, a method for artificial breeding of channa argus, which comprises the following steps:

selecting 2-3-year-old healthy female and male parent fish of channa argus with strong body and good gonad development, and carrying out intensive cultivation on the parent fish in a warm shed;

step two, preparing a breeding pool, namely adding soft, fresh and nontoxic floating aquatic weeds into the breeding pool, and simultaneously reducing direct irradiation of strong light;

step three, selecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic injection mode to carry out artificial ripening and spawning induction and mating fertilization;

and fourthly, breeding and managing the seedlings.

Further, in the first step, the weight of the female fish is controlled to be 0.8kg-2kg, the weight of the male fish is controlled to be 1kg-3kg, and the ratio of male to female is 1: 1;

selecting male fishes: the genital pore is narrow and is slightly protruded, the tail end is slightly red, and the semen flows out when the two sides of the abdomen are slightly squeezed;

selecting female fishes: the abdomen is enlarged and soft, the middle of the abdomen is faced upward, an obvious groove is formed, the outline of the ovary is obvious, and the genital pore is slightly red and swollen;

the intensified cultivation time of parent fish in the greenhouse is as follows: 3-5 months, and the egg laying season of the channa aurita is 4 middle ten days to 6 months.

Further, in the step one, the conditions for enhancing the water quality of the parent fish in the greenhouse are as follows: the water temperature is 18-26 ℃, the optimum water temperature is 20-24 ℃, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, and the pH value range is 6.8-8.2.

Further, in the first step, the iced fresh fish or pellet feed can be used for intensive cultivation of the parent fish in the greenhouse, and the protein content and the fat content of the pellet feed used in the process of parent fish enrichment and fry cultivation are not lower than 45% and not lower than 8%.

Further, in the second step, the specification of the breeding pond is as follows: length × width × height is 2m × 2m × 1 m;

the floating aquatic weed comprises: water hyacinth, paspalum distichum and the like to meet the requirement of the snakehead to nest and lay eggs.

Further, in the second step, the direct irradiation method for reducing the strong light includes: a sunshade net is supported on the breeding pool, or the breeding pool is additionally covered by water plants.

Further, in the third step, the selection of the oxytocic comprises: chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) for fish, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A) for fish;

the injection dosage of the artificial oxytocic is that female fish is injected with chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)1500IU-2000IU per kilogram of body weight, fish is injected with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A)3 mug-5 mug, and the dosage of male fish is reduced by half.

Further, in the third step, the injection mode of the oxytocic adopts back intramuscular injection or pectoral fin base injection, and the specific process is as follows: one needle method can be adopted for good development; the slightly poor development can adopt a two-needle method;

placing the female parent and the male parent which are injected with oxytocic or have better development into a breeding pool according to a one-female-one-male parthenocarpy, wherein the conditions of the breeding pool are as the second claim;

in the two-needle method of the artificial oxytocic injection method, 1/4-1/2 of the total dose is injected at the first needle, the rest is injected after 12-18h intervals, and male fish is injected at one time when female fish injects the second needle;

the effect time of the artificial oxytocic is 26 to 30 hours at the water temperature of 22 to 25 ℃ and 18 to 25 hours at the water temperature of 26 to 30 ℃.

Further, in the fourth step, the specific process of fry breeding management is as follows: cleaning the propagation pool, adding water to 0.6-0.8 m, cleaning the waterweed, and uniformly spreading the cleaned waterweed on the propagation pool;

putting parent fishes which have better development or are injected with oxytocic into a breeding pond in pairs, avoiding external interference during mating, taking out the parent fishes from the membrane after 30-36 h after spawning and fertilization, and supplying nutrition by yolk after the parent fishes take out of the membrane;

firstly, feeding initial bait, then putting the fry obtained by breeding parent fish meeting the biological economic character requirements of the channa argus into a breeding pond, and then replacing the bait with iced fresh artemia or pellet feed.

Further, the fry is opened by small branch and horn living bodies after being taken out of the film, and can also be smashed by cooked egg yolk for feeding;

4-5 days after fertilization, transferring the fry to a culture pond, continuously feeding the living bodies of the twigs for 5-6 days, and then feeding the twigs or the feed granules instead of the iced fresh artemia salina once every 2-3 hours.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the artificial breeding method of the channa argus can obtain well-developed channa argus fries, is simple and convenient to operate, high in parent fish utilization rate, high in breeding success rate and high in fry survival rate, can realize large-scale production of channa argus fries, and has important significance for developing large-scale breeding of channa argus; meanwhile, the seedling emergence requires relatively simple environmental conditions and low cost. The method provides a fry breeding technical support for the large-scale cultivation of the channa argus, provides a technical support for the breeding and breeding of channa argus, and has important significance for the development of the large-scale cultivation of the channa argus.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an artificial breeding method of channa argus provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an artificial breeding method of channa argus, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the artificial breeding method of channa argus provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

s101: selecting 2-3-year-old healthy female and male parent snakehead fish with strong bodies and good gonad development, and carrying out intensive cultivation on the parent fish in a warm shed;

s102: preparing a breeding pool, namely adding soft, fresh and nontoxic floating aquatic weeds into the breeding pool, and simultaneously reducing direct irradiation of strong light;

s103: selecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic injection mode to carry out artificial ripening and spawning induction and mating fertilization;

s104: and (5) seedling breeding management.

In S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the weight of the female fish is controlled to be 0.8kg-2kg, the weight of the male fish is controlled to be 1kg-3kg, the male-female ratio is 1: 1;

selecting female fishes: the abdomen is enlarged and soft, the middle of the abdomen is faced upward, obvious grooves appear, the outline of the ovary is obvious, and the genital orifice is slightly red and swollen and protruded.

In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for enhancing the cultivation water quality of the parent fish in the greenhouse are as follows: the water temperature is 18-26 ℃, the optimum water temperature is 20-24 ℃, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, and the pH value range is 6.8-8.2.

In S101 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the iced fresh fish or pellet feed can be used for intensive cultivation of the parent fish in the greenhouse, and the protein content and the fat content of the pellet feed used in the processes of parent fish enrichment and fry cultivation are not lower than 45% and not lower than 8%.

In S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the breeding pond specification: length × width × height is 2m × 2m × 1 m;

In S102 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a direct irradiation method for reducing strong light includes: a sunshade net is supported on the breeding pool, or the breeding pool is additionally covered by water plants.

In S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the selection of the oxytocic includes: chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) for fish, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A) for fish;

The injection mode of the oxytocic adopts back intramuscular injection or pectoral fin basal injection, and the specific process is as follows: one needle method can be adopted for good development; the slightly poor development can adopt a two-needle method;

the female and male parents injected with oxytocic drugs or with better development are put into a breeding pond according to a female-male single match, the weight of the female parent fish is controlled to be 0.8kg-2kg under the condition of the breeding pond, the weight of the male parent fish is controlled to be 1kg-3kg, the ratio of the female to the male is 1: 1;

In the two-needle method of the artificial oxytocic injection method, 1/4-1/2 of the total dose is injected at the first needle, the rest is injected after 12-18h intervals, and male fish is injected at one time when female fish injects the second needle.

In S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of offspring seed breeding management is as follows: cleaning the propagation pool, adding water to 0.6-0.8 m, cleaning the waterweed, and uniformly spreading the cleaned waterweed on the propagation pool;

putting parent fishes which have better development or are injected with oxytocic into a breeding pond in pairs, avoiding external interference during mating, taking out the parent fishes from the membrane after 30-36 h after spawning and fertilization, and supplying nutrition by yolk after the parent fishes take out of the membrane; firstly, feeding initial bait, then putting the fry obtained by breeding parent fish meeting the biological economic character requirements of the channa argus into a breeding pond, and then replacing the bait with iced fresh artemia or pellet feed.

Opening the fry after the fry comes out of the film by using small-sized braches living bodies, or smashing the fry by using cooked egg yolks for feeding, transferring the fry to a culture pond 4-5 days after fertilization, continuously feeding the braches living bodies for 5-6 days, and then feeding the braches living bodies by using iced fresh artemia salina or pellet feed instead, wherein the feeding is carried out once every 2-3 hours.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.

Example 1

1. Selecting 2-3 healthy and strong parent snakehead fish with good gonad development in the middle ten days of 3 months, controlling the weight of female parent fish to be 0.8kg-2kg, controlling the weight of male parent fish to be 1kg-3kg, and controlling the male and female ratio to be about 1: 1, feeding iced fresh fish in a greenhouse for intensive cultivation, and periodically checking the gonad development condition of parent fish during the period.

2. The breeding season of the Channa argus is 4 in the middle ten days to 6 in the end of the month, about 2kg male fishes with narrow and slightly protruded reproductive orifices and slightly red tail ends, wherein the male fishes slightly squeeze the two sides of the abdomen and have semen flowing out, and about 1.5kg female fishes with enlarged and soft abdomen, obvious concave ditches in the middle of the abdomen and obvious ovary outline and slightly red and swollen reproductive orifices are selected.

3. Preparing a breeding pond with the specification of length multiplied by width multiplied by height multiplied by 2m multiplied by 1m, adding floating aquatic weed paspalum which is soft in texture, fresh and nontoxic into the breeding pond with the water depth of about 0.8m for nesting and spawning. A sunshade net is supported on the breeding pond to reduce the direct irradiation of strong light.

4. Mixing fish chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and fish luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A2) for inducing parturition, injecting female fish with HCG at 1800 IU/kg body weight and LHRH-A2 at 4 μ g/kg body weight, injecting male fish with HCG at 900 IU/kg body weight and LHRH-A2 at 2 μ g/kg body weight, and mixing with physiological saline and injecting into back muscle.

5. The parent fish injected with the oxytocic is put into a breeding pond according to a one-male-female parthenocarpy, the water temperature is controlled to be 22-25 ℃, and the effect time is 26-30 h; avoiding external interference during mating, discharging the membrane 30-36 h after the parent fish spawns and fertilizes, supplying nutrition by yolk in the early period after membrane discharge, gradually feeding opening baits, opening the fry by small-sized braches living bodies after membrane discharge, putting the fry obtained by breeding the parent fish meeting the biological economic character requirements of the channa aurita into a culture pond 4-5 days after fertilization, continuously feeding the braches living bodies for 5-6 days, changing into particle feed for feeding, and feeding once every 3h or so.

Example 2

2. The breeding season of the Channa argus is 4 in the middle ten days to 6 in the end of the month, about 2.5kg male fishes with narrow and slightly protruded reproductive orifices and slightly red tail ends, which are slightly squeezed at two sides of the abdomen and have semen flowing out, and about 1.8kg female fishes with enlarged and soft abdomen, obvious concave ditches in the middle of the abdomen and obvious ovary outline and slightly red and swollen reproductive orifices are selected.

4. The method comprises mixing fish chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and fish luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRH-A2) for inducing parturition, injecting female fish with HCG at 2000 IU/kg body weight and LHRH-A2 at 5 μ g/kg body weight, injecting male fish with HCG at 1000 IU/kg body weight and LHRH-A2 at 2.5 μ g/kg body weight, and mixing with physiological saline and injecting into back muscle.

5. The parent fish injected with the oxytocic is put into a breeding pond according to a one-male-female parthenocarpy, the water temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the effect time is 20-25 h; avoiding external interference during mating, discharging the parent fish from the membrane within 30-36 h after spawning and fertilization, supplying nutrition by yolk in the early stage after membrane discharge, gradually feeding opening baits, and opening the fry by small-sized braches living bodies after membrane discharge. 4-5 days after fertilization, putting the fry obtained by breeding parent fish meeting the biological economic character requirements of the channa argus into a culture pond, continuously feeding the living bodies of the braches for 5-6 days, and then feeding the living bodies of the braches by using pellet feed once every 3 hours or so.

Example 3

2. The breeding season of the Channa argus is 4 in the middle ten days to 6 in the end of the month, about 2.6kg male fishes with narrow and slightly protruded reproductive orifices and slightly red tail ends, which are slightly squeezed at two sides of the abdomen and have semen flowing out, and about 1.8kg female fishes with enlarged and soft abdomen, obvious concave ditches in the middle of the abdomen and obvious ovary outline and slightly red and swollen reproductive orifices are selected.

4. Mixing fish chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and fish luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRH-A2) for inducing parturition, injecting female fish with HCG at 1600 IU/kg body weight and LHRH-A2 at 5 μ g/kg body weight, injecting male fish with HCG at 800 IU/kg body weight and LHRH-A2 at 2.5 μ g/kg body weight, and mixing physiological saline and injecting into back muscle.

The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to experiments.

Statistical analysis is carried out on the fries bred in the three batches of implementation cases, the survival rate of the fries in the method selected in the experiment reaches over 90 percent, and the specific experiment is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An artificial breeding method of channa argus is characterized in that the artificial breeding method of channa argus comprises the following steps:

selecting male and female parent fish of the channa argus which is healthy and strong and has better gonad development, and carrying out intensive cultivation on the parent fish in a warm shed;

preparing a breeding pool, namely adding soft, fresh and nontoxic floating aquatic weeds into the breeding pool, and simultaneously reducing direct irradiation of strong light;

selecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic injection mode to carry out artificial ripening and spawning induction and mating fertilization;

and (5) seedling breeding management.

2. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent fish of channa argus with 2-3 years old, healthy and strong bodies and good gonad development is selected; the weight of the female parent fish is controlled to be 0.8kg-2kg, the weight of the male parent fish is controlled to be 1kg-3kg, and the ratio of the female fish to the male fish is 1: 1;

3. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditions for the water quality of the parent fish in the greenhouse for intensified cultivation are as follows: the water temperature is 18-26 ℃, the optimum water temperature is 20-24 ℃, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, and the pH value range is 6.8-8.2.

4. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parent fish can be cultured in a greenhouse in an intensified manner by using iced fresh fish or pellet feed, and the protein content and the fat content of the pellet feed used in the process of parent fish enrichment and fry culture are not less than 45% and not less than 8%.

5. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specification of a breeding pond is as follows: length × width × height is 2m × 2m × 1 m;

the floating aquatic weed comprises: water hyacinth and paspalum distichum.

6. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direct irradiation method for reducing the strong light comprises the following steps: a sunshade net is supported on the breeding pond or the breeding pond is additionally covered by water plants.

7. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection of the oxytocic drug comprises: chorionic gonadotropin HCG for fish, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue LHRH-A for fish;

the injection dosage of the artificial oxytocic is that female fish injects chorionic gonadotropin HCG1500IU-2000IU per kilogram body weight, fish luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue LHRH-A3-5 mug, and male fish dosage is reduced by half.

8. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the injection mode of oxytocic adopts back muscle injection or pectoral fin base injection, and the specific process is as follows: one needle method can be adopted for good development; the slightly poor development can adopt a two-needle method;

9. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of fry breeding management is as follows: cleaning the propagation pool, adding water to 0.6-0.8 m, cleaning the waterweed, and uniformly spreading the cleaned waterweed on the propagation pool;

10. The artificial breeding method of channa argus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fry is opened with small-sized branches after being taken out of the membrane, or is broken by cooked egg yolk and fed;