CN112263389A - 一种眼科药灸贴 - Google Patents

一种眼科药灸贴 Download PDF

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CN112263389A
CN112263389A CN202011283858.5A CN202011283858A CN112263389A CN 112263389 A CN112263389 A CN 112263389A CN 202011283858 A CN202011283858 A CN 202011283858A CN 112263389 A CN112263389 A CN 112263389A
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parts
ophthalmic
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adhesive sheet
needle
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CN112263389B (zh
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蒋欣桐
魏雁涛
张少冲
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Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center
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Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center
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Abstract

本发明公开一种眼科药灸贴,包括针体和承载体,所述承载体包括粘胶片和固定片,所述针体的针尖部穿过粘胶片,所述针体的尾端被固定片粘结固定于粘胶片的不粘面;所述粘胶片和固定片之间填充药物层;所述粘胶片上设置若干渗透孔。有益效果是:揿针、药膏、药粉以及加热体的结合,达到一揿超效的治疗效果,可以降低医疗成本;透气孔的设置使得整体结构透气,避免皮肤堵塞症状;结构简单,使用方便,针灸理疗以及药物相配合,可以有效缓解和治疗各种眼疾。

Description

一种眼科药灸贴
技术领域
本发明涉及眼科针灸医疗器械领域,尤其涉及一种眼科药灸贴。
背景技术
电脑及电视特别是智能手机等发光电器成为生活必须品,各种年龄阶层的人士,由于学习、工作和生活娱乐的需要,每天眼睛盯着发光电器屏幕看的时间是比较长的,另外现代生活节奏不断地加快,造成更多的人眼睛疲劳,视力下降以及各种严重眼疾。
中国青少年近视发病率高达50%-60%,全国近视眼人数竟已近4亿。干眼症在中老年人群中发病率较高,在30~60岁人群中,患病率超过11%,65岁以上人群患病率为14.6%。1998年发表的世界健康报告估计有1千9百34万人因白内障而双目失明,占所有失明人口的43%。青光眼是全球第二大导致失明的眼疾。黄斑变性是全球第三大导致视力障碍的眼疾,失明率8.7%。以上还是多年以前的数据,随着人们对发光电器电子产品日益医疗,现在的真实状况不容乐观。
关于眼疾的治疗,目前供选用的药物和方法并不多。干眼症依赖于人工泪液,但人工泪液药水使眼睛会产生依赖性,且其中各种有害物质也会损伤眼睛。白内障以及黄斑变性等可以通过手术治疗,但手术治疗费用较高,并有后遗症,而手术又有一定的风险性。
揿针是一种形似图钉状的针,针柄扁平状,针体约一至二分长一般多用于皮内针或耳针,中医辅助治疗法,在穴位上埋针,起到穴位按摩的作用,减轻疼痛,促进器官血液循环系统,根据病理需要,埋针于什么穴位就作用于相应的器官。
现有揿针虽然在提高疗效和方便使用上做了很多改进,但是依然存在于形态和治疗功能单一,疗效有待提高的不足。
发明内容
本发明针对以上所述现有技术存在的不足,提供一种具有药灸针灸以及热敷理疗的眼科药灸贴。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供的技术方案为:一种眼科药灸贴,包括针体和承载体,所述承载体包括粘胶片和固定片,所述针体的针尖部穿过粘胶片,所述针体的尾端被固定片粘结固定于粘胶片的不粘面;所述粘胶片和固定片之间填充药物层;所述粘胶片上设置若干渗透孔。
所述固定片的边缘与所述粘胶片的不粘面固定连接,使所述粘胶片和固定片之间具有间隙,所述药物层填充在所述间隙内。
所述粘胶片的粘面上设置具有粘性的药膏层。
所述药膏层设置有通孔与渗透孔连通,以利于药物层与皮肤接触吸收。
所述固定片的上表面上设置有至少一层发热层。
所述发热层可以是通过粘合粘结固定于所述固定片的上表面上。所述发热层的厚度为0.3-3mm,这样可以保证具有良好发热感的热敷效果的同时,保证所述粘胶片具有可靠的皮肤粘接力,避免因为自身重力脱落。
为了避免药膏以及粘胶片在使用过程因为时间过长导致皮肤无法呼吸引起毛囊堵塞等,设置有至少一个透气孔。
所述透气孔可以设置有三个,围绕于所述针尖部的周围。
所述药物层所述药物层由包括以下重量份数组分制成:肉苁蓉5-10、熟地黄8-20、黄精5-10、蒲公英5-10、熊胆1-5、三七2.5-5、冰片2.5-5。
所述药膏层由包括以下重量份数组分制成:肉苁蓉5-10、熟地黄8-20、黄精5-10、蒲公英5-10、熊胆1-5、三七2.5-5、冰片2.5-5、黄连5-10、川椒1-5。
采用本发明提供的技术方案,与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:揿针、药膏、药粉以及加热体的结合,达到一揿超效的治疗效果,可以降低医疗成本;透气孔的设置使得整体结构透气,避免皮肤堵塞症状;结构简单,使用方便,针灸理疗以及药物相配合,可以有效缓解和治疗各种眼疾。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例1的剖视结构示意图;
图2为本发明的实施例2的剖视结构示意图;
图3为本发明的实施例3的剖视结构示意图;
图4为本发明的俯视图;
图5为本发明的针体结构示意图。
示意图中的标号说明:1、针体;2、粘胶片;3、固定片;4、发热层;5、药物层;6、药膏层;7、透气孔;11针尖部;12尾端。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做详细描述。
实施例1
一种眼科药灸贴,如图1所示,其包括针体1和承载体,所述承载体包括粘胶片2和固定片3,所述针体1的针尖部穿过粘胶片2,所述针体1的尾端被固定片3粘结固定于粘胶片2的不粘面;在所述粘胶片2和固定片3之间填充药物层5。所述固定片3的边缘与所述粘胶片2的不粘面固定连接,使所述粘胶片2和固定片3之间具有间隙,所述药物层5填充并压制在所述间隙内。为了使所述药物层5在间隙内能够固定,在所述药物层5填充完成后,经过10-30吨的压力压制,使针体1具有固定相对位置,保证针尖部的长度。在进行针灸的同时,辅以相应的药物通过穴位进入皮肤表层吸收,达到相应的药灸治疗目的。所述药物层5厚度为0.3-2.0mm,这样可以保证在针灸期间具有药效的同时,保证所述粘胶片2具有可靠的皮肤粘接力,避免因为自身重力脱落。优选的,所述药物层5的厚度为0.6-1.0mm;更优选的,所述药物层5的厚度为0.6mm。优选的,为了提高药物层5渗入皮肤表层被吸收的效果,在所述粘胶片2上设置若干渗透孔,以利于药物渗透粘胶片2被皮肤吸收。所述渗透孔的孔径为0.2-1mm。优选的,所述渗透孔的孔径为0.4-0.5mm,具有良好渗透治疗效果的同时,不影响粘接固定性,也可以避免药渣掉落。所述药物层5由包括以下重量份数组分制成:肉苁蓉5-10、熟地黄8-20、黄精5-10、蒲公英5-10、熊胆1-5;三七2.5-5、冰片2.5-5。
优选的,所述药物层5,由包括以下表重量份数原料制成:
序号 组分 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 实施例7 实施例8
01 肉苁蓉 6 9 7-8 7 8 9 6 8
02 熟地黄 10 19 12-18 15 16 18 17 16
03 黄精 6 9 7-8 8 7 8 9 8
04 蒲公英 6 9 7-8 6 8 8 9 7
05 熊胆 2 4 2-4 3 4 5 3 4
06 三七 2.6 4 3-4 3 3 5 4 3
07 冰片 2.6 4 3-4 4 3 4 3 4
所述药物层5的制备方法是将上述各组分分别进行研磨粉碎,粉碎到颗粒为80-120目;然后将各组分混合均匀。优选的,粉碎到颗粒粒径过100目筛。
本发明药物层5中,肉苁蓉具有补肾阳、益精血、润肠道功效;熟地黄具有滋阴补肾,填精益髓功效;黄精具有补气养阴,健脾,润肺功效。其中熟地黄为君药,辅以肉苁蓉和黄精共为臣药。三药相配,滋养肝脾肾,形成“三补”。但熟地黄的用量是肉苁蓉和黄精两味之和,故以补肾阴为主,补其不足以治本。配伍蒲公英泻毒消肿,并防熟地黄之滋腻恋邪;熊胆清肝明目,并制肉苁蓉之温涩;三七活血化瘀,并助黄精之补气润肺,最后辅以冰片开窍醒脑,明目退翳。以上诸药补泻相宜,醒脑明目;对改善或缓解视力障碍、眼困倦、畏光、酸痛、流泪、异物感、眼干涩、眼痉挛等视疲劳症状,以及眼科器质性病变有良好辅助改善及治疗功效。
实施例2
一种眼科药灸贴,如图2所示,基于实施例2所述结构基础上,在所述粘胶片2的粘面上设置具有粘性的药膏层6。在使用时,药膏层6直接与皮肤接触,药物可以直接通过皮肤接触吸收,可以结合针灸以及药物协同作用,提高疗效。优选的,所述药膏层6在针尖部11周围,针灸的同时可以将针将药膏带入体内,易吸收。优选的,所述药膏层6厚度在0.05-0.3mm之间。优选的,所述药膏层6厚度在0.25mm。所述药膏层6设置有通孔与渗透孔21连通,以利于药物层与皮肤接触吸收。所述药膏层6以针体1为中心,占整个粘面面积的三分之一到三分之二。
所述药膏层6由包括以下重量份数组分制成:肉苁蓉5-10、熟地黄8-20、黄精5-10、蒲公英5-10、熊胆1-5、三七2.5-5、冰片2.5-5、黄连5-10、川椒1-5。
优选的,所述药膏层6由包括以下表重量份数原料制成:
Figure BDA0002781677450000051
Figure BDA0002781677450000061
所述药膏层6的制备方法包括的步骤是:(1)熬制和浓缩:取麻油置于锅中,再将称量好的肉苁蓉、熟地黄、黄精、蒲公英、黄连、川椒6味原料药投入锅中,加热至70-100℃并不断搅拌6-10小时,过滤药渣;在滤液中加入熊胆和冰片粉末,继续恒温再熬制至滴水成珠得到油膏;(2)制药:油膏倒入温度为10-30℃冷水中,浸泡去火毒2-3天,然后取出晾干得到药膏;将药膏40-55℃热熔,然后均匀摊在粘胶片2的粘面药膏层6部位,最终得到制得药膏层6。其中,麻油与原料药的质量比为1-5:1。优选的,在锅中以麻油没过原料药为最佳。优选的,所述补方膏药的制备方法包括的步骤是:(1)熬制和浓缩:取麻油置于锅中,再将称量好的肉苁蓉、熟地黄、黄精、蒲公英、黄连、川椒6味原料药投入锅中,加热至80-90℃并不断搅拌7-9小时,过滤药渣;在滤液中加入熊胆和冰片粉末,继续恒温再熬制至滴水成珠得到油膏;(2)制药:油膏倒入温度为15-25℃冷水中,浸泡去火毒2-3天,然后取出晾干得到药膏;将药膏45-50℃热熔,然后均匀摊在粘胶片2的粘面药膏层6部位,最终得到制得药膏层6。以上药膏制备方法可以充分的保留药物渗透治疗的有效成分,且没有对人体和皮肤损害的成分,疗效可靠且安全。
本发明药膏层6中,肉苁蓉具有补肾阳、益精血、润肠道功效;熟地黄具有滋阴补肾,填精益髓功效;黄精具有补气养阴,健脾,润肺功效。其中熟地黄为君药,辅以肉苁蓉和黄精共为臣药。三药相配,滋养肝脾肾,形成“三补”。但熟地黄的用量是肉苁蓉和黄精两味之和,故以补肾阴为主,补其不足以治本。配伍蒲公英泻毒消肿,并防熟地黄之滋腻恋邪;熊胆清肝明目,并制肉苁蓉之温涩;三七活血化瘀,并助黄精之补气润肺,最后辅以冰片开窍醒脑,明目退翳;黄连消炎杀菌,川椒镇痛痒。以上诸药补泻相宜,醒脑明目;对改善或缓解视力障碍、眼困倦、畏光、酸痛、流泪、异物感、眼干涩、眼痉挛等视疲劳症状,以及眼科器质性病变有良好辅助改善及治疗功效。
实施例3
一种眼科药灸贴,如图3所示,基于上述实施例3基础上,在所述固定片3的上表面上设置有至少一层发热层4,所述发热层4可以是通过粘结固定于所述固定片3的上表面上。所述发热层4可以是通过粘合粘结固定于所述固定片3的上表面上。优选的,所述发热层4的厚度为0.3-3mm,这样可以保证具有良好发热感的热敷效果的同时,保证所述粘胶片2具有可靠的皮肤粘接力,避免因为自身重力脱落。优选的,所述发热层4的厚度为0.8mm。优选的,所述发热层4可以是红外辐射材料层,其可以自发热,且发热感受良好,对穴位热敷的理疗效果优良,可以有效提高理疗效果。在所述发热层4作用下,所述药物层5以及药膏层6的药物分子运动更加激烈,可以有效的渗入穴位皮肤进入人的肌体,有效的提高药效,达到针灸,药灸资料的协同效果。
如图4所示,为了避免药膏以及粘胶片2在使用过程因为时间过长导致皮肤无法呼吸引起毛囊堵塞等,设置有至少一个透气孔7,所述透气孔7可以设置有三个,围绕于所述针尖部11的周围。设置的透气孔7可以避免毛囊堵塞导致的皮肤损伤以及红点等症状。优选,所述透气孔7的孔径为0.3-0.7mm。
优选的,所述针体1可以是金针或者银针。所述金针为表面镀纯金,银针表面镀银或者为纯银材质,根据患者体质和症状来选择使用。需补者选用金针,需泻者选用银针。使用时,根据《黄帝内经·灵枢·经脉》言:“盛则泻之,虚则补之,热则疾之,寒则留之,陷下则灸之”。就是说人体阴阳偏盛则用泻法,去掉多余的,阴阳偏少则补不足,病邪为热邪则不留针,寒邪则留针,痿证水肿等气不足用灸法。
如图5所示,所述针体1包括针尖部11和连接与所述针尖部11一端的尾端12。所述尾端12为盘旋环状体,针尖部11为环状体向中心部延伸后弯折90度形成针尖部11,此结构使针尖部11具有比较大面积支撑,在使用时避免发生滞针、弯针等现象,且加工简单,效率也非常高。优选的,所述针尖部11长度在0.2mm~3mm,用于进入到浅层皮肤或者深入皮肤深层。一般的,针尖部进入皮肤后可能无痛觉或者刺感极轻,犹如蚂蚁叮咬,可满足不同人群的需求;患者接受度很高,尤其适合对疼痛敏感的患者以及女性患者。其中,所述粘胶片2可以是医用胶布或者无纺胶布,质轻价廉,使用方便。所述固定片3也可以是医用胶布或者无纺胶布,其具有与粘胶片2相同的尺寸。
使用时,本发明药灸贴可以在天应穴、睛明穴、四白穴以及太阳穴贴针,可以舒缓神经、减轻疲劳,促进泪液分泌对各种眼疾具有减轻和明显资料作用。
毒理学试验
一、小鼠口服急性毒性试验(LD50)
1、材料:
1.1、实验材料:
将本发明所述的药膏层干燥成粉末,掺杂到食物中。
1.2、动物:
NIH种健康小鼠,体重20-28g,雌雄各半。
2、方法与结果:
2.1、试验方法:
NIH种小白鼠40只,体重20-28g,雌、雄各半,采用Horn`s法,随机将小鼠分为4个剂量组,以0.5ml/10g.b.w的灌胃量24小时内空腹灌胃两次,两次间隔4小时,观察一周,结果见下表。
Figure BDA0002781677450000091
2.2、结果:
受试小鼠经口服不同剂量(LD50>20.9g/kg.b.w)本发明所述药膏层,均未观察到小鼠有中毒反应;表明本发明药膏层为无毒物质。通过相同的实验,也证明了药物层为无毒物质。
临床资料
1.临床资料
视疲劳是视觉在长时间超负荷工作之后出现的一种持续衰弱的状态,是以患者自觉眼部症状为基础,并与全身状况和精神因素有密切关系的一种综合征,临床表现包括眼部不适症状(如眼部干涩、疼痛等)、视觉症状(如出现重影或视力模糊等)及全身症状(如头痛、眩晕等)。在常规治疗的基础上,观察眼科药灸贴对视疲劳的临床治疗效果,具体如下:
1.1一般资料:
选择符合视疲劳诊断标准的患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和常规组,各30例。治疗组中,男18例,女12例;年龄19~53岁,平均(32.22±3.19)岁;常规组中,男16例,女14例;年龄19~55岁,平均(32.66±3.34)岁;两组的资料对比,无显著差异(P>0.05),可对比。
1.2纳入标准:
①均符合视疲劳诊断标准
参考2014年中华医学会眼科分会眼视光学组发布的“视疲劳诊疗专家共识”,视疲劳的诊断标准如下:
(1)不耐久视、暂时性视物模糊;
(2)眼部干涩、灼烧感、发痒、胀痛、流泪、眼睑痉挛;
(3)头痛、头晕、记忆力减退、失眠。
②神志清,眼部感知觉正常;
③视疲劳病程不少于3d且未痊愈,从事脑力劳动;
④参与研究前一周未使用其他种类的抗视觉疲劳药物。
1.3排除标准:
①眼肌功能存在异常,外隐斜、内隐斜等均包含在内;
②眼部存有其他类型的活动性病变,常见的有眼部感染;
③眼部已经发生器质性病变;
④合并重要脏器疾病者;
⑤既往有精神疾病史;
⑥治疗依从性差。
2.治疗方法:
对照组患者给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液滴眼治疗,1滴/次,4次/
日。观察组在对照组基础上,给予眼科药灸贴治疗。
取双侧攒竹、丝竹空、太阳穴,常规消毒穴位后在相应穴位上埋针,留针3d,每天按揉每个埋针穴位3~5次,3~5min/次;3d后取针,间隔1d后再留针3d。两组患者连续治疗7d为一个疗程,共治疗4个疗程。
3.观察指标和评价方法:
3.1视疲劳症状积分
(1)参照2014年中华医学会眼科分会眼视光学组发布的“视疲劳诊疗专家共识”制定眼部症状体征积分表。完成4个疗程后,观察患者眼痛、眼沉重感、视物模糊、复视、头痛等10个症状,按症状出现时间从无、偶尔、经常、持续分别评为0、1、2、3分,计算总评分。评分越高,视疲劳症状越严重。
3.2临床疗效:治疗4周后,观察两组患者临床疗效:
参考2010年由科学技术出版社出版《临床疾病诊断与疗效判断标准》和国家中医药管理局1994年发布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》拟定疗效。
计算公式:疗效指数=(治疗前症状积分-治疗后症状积分)/治疗前症状积分×100%。
具体疗效分级如下:
治愈:疗效指数≥90%;
显效:60%≤疗效指数<30%;
无效:疗效指数。
4.统计学方法
采用SPSS 19.0软件包统计分析数据,所有计量资料采用t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验;等级资料采用秩和检验。以P值小于0.05为具有统计学意义。
5.治疗效果:
①集合近点疗效比较
表1两组治疗前后集合近点改变
Figure BDA0002781677450000111
Figure BDA0002781677450000121
治疗组集合近点治疗前后比较,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义;常规组集合近点治疗前后比较,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。
②眼部症状疗效比较
表2两组患者眼部症状疗效对比
Figure BDA0002781677450000122
两组眼部症状总疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P等于0.027,<0.05)。
③眼部症状总积分比较
表3两组治疗前后眼部症状总积分比较
Figure BDA0002781677450000123
Figure BDA0002781677450000124
治疗前后,组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)
④全身症状积分比较
表4两组治疗前后全身症状积分比较
Figure BDA0002781677450000125
Figure BDA0002781677450000126
治疗前后,组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);常规组治疗前后比较,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义。
以上对比临床对比数据证明,本发明对常见眼疾具有良好理疗以及治疗效果。
另外发明眼贴为一次性使用品,避免了重复使用的多种不足,充分考虑到无菌操作的需要,从揭开密封盖到针体埋入,操作中的每一步骤都能避免手指接触针体,针体与承载体结构牢固,留针过程中患者活动不受任何影响,具有使用安全,操作简便的特点。另外也充分考虑到产品的携带方便,使用简单,普及运用的需求,将针和药完美的结合。
以上示意性的对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述,该描述没有限制性,附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一,实际的结构并不局限于此。所以,如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种眼科药灸贴,包括针体和承载体,其特征在于,所述承载体包括粘胶片和固定片,所述针体的针尖部穿过粘胶片,所述针体的尾端被固定片粘结固定于粘胶片的不粘面;所述粘胶片和固定片之间填充药物层;所述粘胶片上设置若干渗透孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述固定片的边缘与所述粘胶片的不粘面固定连接,使所述粘胶片和固定片之间具有间隙,所述药物层填充在所述间隙内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述粘胶片的粘面上设置具有粘性的药膏层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述药膏层设置有通孔与渗透孔连通。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述固定片的上表面上设置有至少一层发热层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述发热层是通过粘合粘结固定于所述固定片的上表面上;所述发热层的厚度为0.3-3mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,设置有至少一个透气孔。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述透气孔设置有三个,围绕于所述针尖部的周围。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述药物层所述药物层由包括以下重量份数组分制成:肉苁蓉5-10、熟地黄8-20、黄精5-10、蒲公英5-10、熊胆1-5、三七2.5-5、冰片2.5-5。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种眼科药灸贴,其特征在于,所述药膏层由包括以下重量份数组分制成:肉苁蓉5-10、熟地黄8-20、黄精5-10、蒲公英5-10、熊胆1-5、三七2.5-5、冰片2.5-5、黄连5-10、川椒1-5。
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