CN112220750A - 一种丁香酚类药物注射液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种丁香酚类药物注射液及其制备方法。针对现有技术中,将丁香酚类药物制备成注射用的液体制剂时,缺少合适的方法保证既能增加丁香酚类药物溶解度,又能维持其稳定性,且保证注射使用后不产生副作用。本发明的技术方案是:由如下重量份的组分溶解于注射用溶剂中制成:丁香酚类药物1份;助溶剂5~20份。由于能够有效降低药剂用量,且注射液中不含有有机溶剂,本发明的注射液能够减少毒副作用和刺激性,增加患者的顺应性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种丁香酚类药物注射液及其制备方法。
背景技术
丁香酚类化合物(包括丁香酚、异丁香酚等)主要存在于丁香油、樟脑油、肉桂叶油、肉豆蔻油中,常温下呈无色或淡黄色油状液体,呈强烈的丁香气息和特殊辛辣味。其广泛用于牙科镇痛,麻醉剂,抗炎镇痛(CHAIEB K,HAJLAOUI H,ZMANTAR T.et al.Thechemical composition and bidogical activity of clove essential oil,EugeniaCaryophyllata:A short review[J].Phytotherapy Reserch,2007,21(6)21:501-506)以及调味剂等。近年来,丁香酚类化合物的药效学研究发展到了抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、神经保护等方面。丁香酚等芳香油类的抗菌谱非常广,涵盖了大部分阳、阴性菌,还包括真菌,其抗菌机制为先降解细胞壁以导致胞质膜和膜蛋白类受损伤,然后细胞内含物开始外漏,接着细胞质聚沉,最后是质子动势的流逝(SARA B.Essential Oils:Their antibacterialprotential application in foods-a review[J].International Journal of FoodMicrobiology.2004,94(3):223-253)。相对于化学合成抗癌药存在毒副作用大,对正常细胞也有损伤的特点,丁香酚类化合物对黑色素瘤、唾液腺癌和宫颈癌等肿瘤的预防和治疗中显示出较好的应用前景(HUSSAIN A,BRAHMBHATT K,et al.Eugenol enhances thechemotherapeutic potential of gemcitabine and induces anticarcinogennic andanti-inflammatory acctivity in human cervical cancer cells[J].Cancer BiotherRadiopharm,2011,26(5):519-527)。由于丁香酚类化合物属于挥发油类,物理性质不稳定,易在传统制剂的生产和储存过程中散失,且只溶于乙醇、氯仿、乙醚等有机溶剂,几乎不溶于水,其理化性质极大地限制了它在临床上的应用。为了避免产生用药过程中的不良后果,并提高药物的稳定性,有必要找到一种合适的方法增加其溶解度。
目前丁香酚在临床上的应用主要是制成传统的膏霜制剂外用,但是存在载样量少,皮肤顺应性差,成型性差等问题。有人选用植物大豆油作为药物溶剂,配制成1%的丁香酚注射剂(刘海隆,丁香酚注射液的研制,西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文(2006)),但是其配方里含有有机溶剂三氯叔丁醇和二丁基苯酚,对血管的刺激性大,使用过程中不良反应多。华彩丽(华彩丽,丁香酚微囊的制备及药效学研究,西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文(2008))将海藻酸钠溶解后与丁香酚、乳化剂按一定比例乳化,将乳化液加入到Cacl2溶液中凝聚固化,制备出丁香酚微囊,以提高药物的稳定性,减少药物的挥发,掩盖不良气味和降低刺激性。但是其需要使用高剂量(18.26mg/kg)才能达到与低剂量丁香酚(7.5mg/kg)相当的驱虫的效果,这将严重限制其在临床上的应用。成琪(成琪,吕世明等,丁香酚脂质体的制备及其评价,中国农学通报,2011,27(26):79-82)为增加丁香酚的稳定性,将丁香酚制成脂质体,但其制备过程中同样加入了有机溶媒氯仿,且制作工艺复杂,制备耗时长。
中国专利“CN107019138A一种丁香酚组合液及制备方法和应用”中,提供了一种丁香酚的水溶液,包括:水99.8555%~99.9711%,吐温80溶液0.01%~0.05%,丁香酚0.0189%~0.0945%。然而,该溶液中丁香酚的溶解度提高有限,导致丁香酚的浓度仍然很低,难以满足注射用药的需求。
可见,目前将丁香酚类药物制备成注射用的液体制剂时,面临的困难是缺少合适的方法保证既能增加丁香酚类药物溶解度,又能维持其稳定性,且保证注射使用后不产生副作用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中,将丁香酚类药物制备成注射用的液体制剂时,缺少合适的方法保证既能增加丁香酚类药物溶解度,又能维持其稳定性,且保证注射使用后不产生副作用。本发明提供一种丁香酚类药物注射液及其制备方法,其目的在于:提供一种有效溶解丁香酚类药物,且具有低刺激性、高稳定性、用药剂量小、作用准确可靠的注射液。
一种丁香酚类药物注射液,由如下重量份的组分溶解于注射用溶剂中制成:
丁香酚类药物1份;
助溶剂5~20份。
优选的,由如下重量份的组分溶解于注射用溶剂中制成:
丁香酚类药物1份;
助溶剂10~20份。
优选的,助溶剂选自吐温80、solutol HS15或磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体。所述磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体是将磷脂和胆盐直接混合的混合物。
优选的,磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体由如下质量分数的组分组成:磷脂10%~40%、胆盐90%~60%,胆盐选自去氧胆酸钠或者甘氨胆酸钠;优选的,磷脂磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体由如下质量分数的组分组成:磷脂40%、胆盐60%。
优选的,注射液中磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体的用量为1~3wt.%,丁香酚类药物的浓度为1~5.88mg/ml。
优选的,丁香酚类药物选自丁香酚、异丁香酚、甲基丁香酚、顺式-甲基丁香酚、乙酸丁香酚或乙酰基丁香酚中的至少一种。
优选的,注射用溶剂为水。
本发明还提供上述丁香酚类药物注射液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丁香酚类药物与助溶剂混合,加入乙醇溶解;
(2)蒸干溶剂乙醇;
(3)加入注射用溶剂溶解,通过0.45微米微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
优选的,步骤(1)中,乙醇与助溶剂的用量比例为质量比1:(0.2-5);
和/或,乙醇溶解丁香酚类药物与助溶剂时进行超声。
优选的,步骤(2)中,蒸干溶剂的过程为37℃水浴旋转蒸发。
采用本发明的技术方案制成的丁香酚类药物注射液中,通过助溶剂形成的胶束对难以溶解在水中的丁香酚类药物产生增溶作用。由于采用本申请的技术方案,达到了如下有益效果:
(1)本技术制备的丁香酚类药物注射液不含有机试剂,可降低相关刺激性,增加患者顺应性。
(2)本技术制备丁香酚类药物注射液中,丁香酚类药物的稳定性高,因而能够保证药物作用准确可靠,这有利于降低丁香酚类药物的用药剂量。
(3)本技术制备过程中,没有使用有机试剂,可减少制备工序,并提高生产效率和生产安全性。
(4)本发明选用恰当比例的丁香酚类药物和助溶剂制成注射液,当丁香酚类药物和助溶剂比例大于1:5的时药物不能全部包裹进胶束,增溶效果不好;当丁香酚类药物和助溶剂比例小于1:20时,药物已经完全被胶束包裹,这时候再增加助溶剂的量溶解度的提升效果非常有限。
(5)注射液的制备过程中,本发明先在乙醇溶剂中形成胶束并包裹丁香酚类药物,再溶于注射用溶剂中。若是将丁香酚与辅料直接混合,不经过溶解旋蒸再溶解,则不能形成胶束。若蒸干温度太高,则旋蒸时容易爆破,不能形成良好的胶束。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中的丁香酚类药物注射液的透射电镜图片;
图2为实施例1中的丁香酚类药物注射液中胶束尺寸的分布情况;
图3为实施例2中的丁香酚类药物注射液的透射电镜图片。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
本发明实施例中的注射液均采用如下方法制备:
将丁香酚类药物与助溶剂混合于圆底烧瓶,加入无水乙醇溶解并混合均匀,必要时可超声。于37℃水浴旋转蒸发,至有无水乙醇蒸发完全,在瓶壁上形成均匀透明薄膜。加入适量注射用溶剂震摇溶解,0.45微米微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
实施例1:吐温80作为助溶剂的丁香酚注射液
采用丁香酚1份和吐温80 10份按照上述方法溶解于水中制备成含丁香酚1mg/ml的注射液。图1为本实施例中丁香酚类药物注射液的透射电镜图片,从图中可以看到,助溶剂吐温80形成胶束,该胶束结构能够包裹丁香酚,有利于提高其溶解性。图2为丁香酚类药物注射液中胶束尺寸的分布情况,可以看到胶束的尺寸分布均匀。
实施例2:磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体与丁香酚用量比例对丁香酚溶解度的影响
采用丁香酚1份和磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体5~20份按照上述方法溶解于水中制备成丁香酚类药物注射液。图3为本实施例中丁香酚类药物注射液的透射电镜图片,从图中可以看到,助溶剂磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体形成胶束,该胶束结构能够包裹丁香酚,有利于提高其溶解性。
表1给出了丁香酚和磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体在该用量比例下,丁香酚的溶解度。
表1丁香酚溶液中丁香酚的溶解度(单位mg/ml)
可见,随着丁香酚与磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体用量比例的降低,丁香酚的溶解度提高,且比例提高至1:10后,溶解度的变化趋势趋于平缓。因此,丁香酚与磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体用量比例较优为1:10~1:20。
实施例3:磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体作为助溶剂的丁香酚注射液
采用丁香酚和磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体按照上述方法溶解于水中制备成丁香酚类药物注射液。
表2本实施例中丁香酚溶液中磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体用量与丁香酚浓度
可见,通过本发明的方案,能够制成丁香酚浓度高、载药量高的丁香酚注射液。
实验例:磷脂与胆盐的比例对形成的胶束溶液的影响
下面对磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体的组成进行优选。
将磷脂和胆盐按比例混合后溶于水中,磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体形成的空白胶束溶液的外观及透光率如下表所示:
表3磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体形成的空白胶束溶液的外观及透光率
可见,磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体较优的质量分数组成比例为:磷脂10%~40%、胆盐90%~60%。
从上述实施例和实验例中可以看到,采用本发明提供的各组分的用量比例制成的丁香酚类药物的注射液中,丁香酚类药物能够形成稳定的胶束结构,从而不仅能够很好地提高药物的溶解性,而且使得丁香酚类药物具有很高的稳定性,只需要很低的药剂用量就能够达到预期的药物作用。由于能够有效降低药剂用量,且注射液中不含有有机溶剂,本发明的注射液能够减少毒副作用和刺激性,增加患者的顺应性。
Claims (10)
1.一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于,由如下重量份的组分溶解于注射用溶剂中制成:
丁香酚类药物1份;
助溶剂5~20份。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于,由如下重量份的组分溶解于注射用溶剂中制成:
丁香酚类药物1份;
助溶剂10~20份。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于:所述助溶剂选自吐温80、solutol HS15或磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体。
4.按照权利要求3所述的一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于:所述磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体由如下质量分数的组分组成:磷脂10%~40%、胆盐90%~60%,胆盐选自去氧胆酸钠或者甘氨胆酸钠;优选的,磷脂磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体由如下质量分数的组分组成:磷脂40%、胆盐60%。
5.按照权利要求4所述的一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于:所述注射液中磷脂-胆盐混合聚集体的用量为1~3wt.%,丁香酚类药物的浓度为1~5.88mg/ml。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于:所述丁香酚类药物选自丁香酚、异丁香酚、甲基丁香酚、顺式-甲基丁香酚、乙酸丁香酚或乙酰基丁香酚中的至少一种。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的一种丁香酚类药物注射液,其特征在于:所述注射用溶剂为水。
8.如权利要求1至7任一项所述的丁香酚类药物注射液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丁香酚类药物与助溶剂混合,加入乙醇溶解;
(2)蒸干溶剂乙醇;
(3)加入注射用溶剂溶解,通过0.45微米微孔滤膜过滤,即得。
9.按照权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,乙醇与助溶剂的用量比例为质量比1:(0.2-5);
和/或,乙醇溶解丁香酚类药物与助溶剂时进行超声。
10.按照权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,蒸干溶剂的过程为37℃水浴旋转蒸发。
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