CN112189517A - Simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton - Google Patents
Simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton. Belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pre-treating a planting field: comprises applying base fertilizer, ploughing and deep-tedding stubble; (2) planting watermelons: comprises the steps of watermelon seed pretreatment, watermelon seedling breeding, land preparation and fertilization, plug planting of watermelon seedlings and post-planting management; (3) planting short-season cotton: mechanically and directly seeding short season cotton in 5-month middle ten days. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the germination rate of the plug watermelon is improved, and the watermelon seedlings are uniform and strong; the direct seeding short-season cotton full-seedling sowing and water dual-purpose sowing are realized; the links of watermelon arched shed installation and pruning and tendril pressing management are omitted, the symbiotic period of the watermelons and the cotton is shortened by 18-20 days, and labor and materials are saved; by adopting the simplified cultivation method, the yield is basically consistent with that of the traditional cultivation mode; the disease resistance is enhanced, the watermelon is not pruned to avoid wound, the virus transmission path is cut off, the number of watermelon virus disease plants and the pest control frequency of cotton are obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton.
Background
The interplanting of the watermelons and the spring cotton is a typical efficient planting mode of sandy land in the yellow river basin, and the two crops are matched in height, complementary in advantages and complementary in each other. The open field watermelon and cotton interplanting symbiotic period is short, and before and after cotton blossoming, the watermelon harvesting is finished, and the two crops can effectively utilize land, water fertilizer and warm light resources. Meanwhile, the watermelon and cotton interplanting can realize two purposes of fertilizer and water, save cost and improve efficiency, and the output-input ratio is improved.
A traditional method for cultivating the watermelon cotton in two cropping years includes preparing soil in the last ten days of 3 months, perforating mulching films at the beginning of 4 months, accelerating germination and seeding of the watermelon, then installing a small arched shed, properly ventilating the watermelon before and after noon in the seedling stage after 4 months and 15 days, selecting clear weather, splitting a small opening at the upper part of each watermelon seedling to ensure that the temperature in the film is not higher than 35 ℃, not lower than 25 ℃ and splitting the shed at the beginning of 5 months. A double-vine pruning method is adopted for pruning and pressing the vines, a main vine and a strong vine at the base part are reserved, the rest lateral vines are completely removed, the distance between the two vines is about 30cm, and the two vines extend in the same direction. Pressing the first time when the vines are 60cm long, then pressing soil for 2-3 times, and harvesting the watermelons in the late 6 months. And (4) 20-25 days after 4 months, drilling holes on two sides of the arched shed film for dibbling or lifting the mulching film, then sowing spring cotton in a row, and topping for 7 months and 15-20 days, so that simplified pruning is carried out, the lower nutrition branches are removed, and other pruning management is not carried out. The watermelon cotton has a symbiotic period of about 60 days.
The traditional cultivation method has the following defects: management links such as manual watermelon dibbling, small arched shed installation, air release and the like all need a large amount of labor and material investment, and meanwhile, the watermelon and cotton symbiotic period is about 2 months, so that the cultivation management is complicated, the investment is large, and the cost is high.
In conclusion, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of providing a simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton by watermelon and cotton, which has simple steps and short symbiotic period of watermelon and cotton on the basis of ensuring the yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton in watermelons comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-treating a planting field: comprises applying base fertilizer, ploughing and deep-tedding stubble;
(2) planting watermelons: sequentially comprises the steps of watermelon seed pretreatment, watermelon seedling breeding, land preparation and fertilization, plug planting of watermelon seedlings and post-planting management;
(3) planting short-season cotton: mechanically and directly seeding short season cotton in 5-month middle ten days.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the method realizes the direct seeding of short-season cotton and full-seedling with one water; meanwhile, the installation of an arched shed and the pruning and tendril pressing are avoided, the symbiotic period of the watermelons and the short-season cotton is shortened, and labor and material investment are saved.
Preferably, the specific operation of step (1) is as follows: uniformly spreading the decomposed sesame cake fertilizer on the ground to serve as a base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 2250-3750 kg/hectare, and then ploughing and deeply turning for 25-30 cm for stubble drying.
Preferably, the specific operation of step (2) is:
(21) pretreating watermelon seeds: soaking watermelon seeds in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 3% for 10min, then soaking the watermelon seeds in a compound sodium nitrophenolate solution for 5min, and airing to obtain pretreated watermelon seeds for later use;
(22) breeding watermelon seedlings at the beginning of 4 months: filling the hole tray with a substrate, placing the hole tray on a seedbed in a winter-warming greenhouse, uniformly spraying 30-60 ml of formalin and 3L of water in each square meter of the hole tray, directly sowing pretreated watermelon seeds in holes of the hole tray, and finally laying a substrate with the thickness of 2cm on the seeds; after emergence of seedlings of watermelons, hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1% and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate solution with the mass concentration of 15mg/l are distributed every 10 days, water spraying management is well carried out, and the seedling stage reaches 25 days;
the substrate is a mixture of peat, horticultural vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the peat to the horticultural vermiculite to the perlite is 2:1: 1;
(23)4, land preparation and fertilization in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer is potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K218-18-18 percent of O, and the application amount per hectare is 1050 kg;
(24) laying a drip irrigation tape at the bottom of 4 months, laying a mulching film and fixedly planting watermelon seedlings in a plug tray, and mechanically integrating the drip irrigation tape, the mulching film and the plug tray;
(25) and (5) performing flood irrigation after planting.
The beneficial effects are as follows: (1) the watermelon seeds are pretreated, so that the seed dormancy is broken, the seed activity is improved, and the germination rate of the watermelon seeds is further improved; (2) the hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1 percent and the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate solution with the mass concentration of 15mg/l are distributed every 10 days after the emergence of the watermelon, so that the rooting and the seedling strengthening can be promoted.
Preferably, the open field distance of the mulching films laid in the step (24) is 60cm, and the width of the mulching films is 90 cm.
The open field distance between the mulching films is 60cm, 2 lines of short-season cotton are directly sown right, and the small line distance of the short-season cotton is 60 cm.
Preferably, the row spacing of the watermelon seedlings planted in the plug is 150cm, the plant spacing is 60cm, and the watermelon seedlings are planted in the middle of the mulching film.
Preferably, the density of the watermelon seedlings planted in the plug tray is 740 seedlings/mu.
The planting density of the watermelon is the optimal density of simplified management such as no pruning and no tendril pressing of the watermelon.
Preferably, the short-season cotton in the step (3) is planted in large and small rows, 2 rows are sowed in the open field between the mulching films, the row spacing of the large row is 90cm, the row spacing of the small row is 60cm, the plant spacing is 16cm, and the seedling density is 5500 plants/mu.
The density is the optimum density for obtaining high yield of short-season cotton.
Preferably, the method also comprises the following steps of controlling the disease and pest:
during the growth period of the watermelon, virus diseases, powdery mildew, gray mold, aphids and red spiders are prevented in time, and cotton aphids, whiteflies, cabbage caterpillars, lygus bugs and thrips are prevented and controlled during the growth period of the cotton.
Preferably, the watermelon is selected from Tornado, No. 1, No. 2 or No. 5 Zheng.
The watermelon varieties are early-maturing long-vine varieties, compact in plant type, low-temperature resistant, weak-light resistant and strong in moisture resistance. Picking can be carried out 26-28 days after blooming; the fruit skin is 1 cm thick, the toughness is good, and the transportation is resistant; the quality is excellent, the pulp is bright red, the pulp is thin, sweet and tasty, the center sugar is 12-13 degrees, and the weight of a single melon is about 6 kg. The reproductive growth of the watermelon plants is obviously stronger than that of vegetative growth, the watermelon plants are labor-saving and labor-saving in cultivation and management, tendrils and branches are not required to be pressed, the whole plants are free of wounds, viruses are prevented from invading from the wounds, the complex management mode in watermelon planting is changed, people are relieved in heavy labor such as large-scale branching, branching and tendrils pressing, and large-area planting and wide-variety and multiple harvest are possible.
Preferably, the variety of the short-season cotton is Lu cotton 532.
The Lu cotton 532 is a new variety of insect-resistant short-season cotton, and has the outstanding advantages of scientific matching of quality indexes and better quality than the spring cotton variety mainly developed in production. 105 days in the whole growth period, good seedling emergence, strong early growth vigor, stable later growth vigor, good uniformity, tower shape, palm shape of leaves, shallow indentation, green leaves, moderate leaf size, oval shape of bolls, smooth boll opening, 6.1 g of single boll weight, 10.5 g of finger and 41.3% of coat; the fiber is white, the average length of the upper half part of the fiber is 30.6 mm, the breaking specific strength is 30.8N/tex, the micronaire value is 4.6, the uniformity index is 86.12%, and the spinning uniformity index is 152.33; high resistance to withering and verticillium wilt.
After the watermelon is harvested, 45mg/L abscisic acid, 1% urea and 0.25% monopotassium phosphate are sprayed on the leaves of the short-season cotton in combination with pest control.
The beneficial effects are as follows: can increase chlorophyll content of short-season cotton, improve nutrient absorption, and promote growth of short-season cotton.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the direct seeding short-season cotton full-seedling sowing and water dual-purpose sowing are realized; meanwhile, the arch shed installation and pruning and tendril pressing are avoided, the symbiotic period of the watermelons and the short-season cotton is shortened by 18-20 days, and labor and material investment are saved; (2) by adopting the simplified cultivation method for interplanting the watermelons and the short-season cotton, the yield of the watermelons and the cotton is basically consistent with that of a traditional cultivation mode; (3) the disease resistance is enhanced, the watermelon is not pruned to avoid wound, the virus invasion way is cut off, and the number of watermelon virus-infected plants and the pest control frequency of cotton are both obviously reduced. (4) The planting yield is obviously higher than that of the traditional cultivation mode by 800 yuan/mu.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a figure showing direct seeding (day 17/5) of short-season cotton in step (3) of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the emergence stage (23/5) of short-season cotton in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing a watermelon harvest 10 days after harvest in accordance with example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The required medicament is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a market channel; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.
Example 1
Test grouping:
a middle-fertility and sandy soil test field with a test area of 3 mu is selected and divided into two parts with each part being 1.5 mu, the number of the field 1 is the number of the light simplified cultivation method for interplanting the watermelon and the short-season cotton, and the number of the field 2 is the number of the cultivation method in the traditional planting mode.
(II) planting varieties:
field 1: selecting a tornado variety as a watermelon variety, and selecting Lu cotton 532 as a short-season cotton variety; field 2: the watermelon variety is tornado variety, and the cotton variety K638 is spring cotton.
(III) the specific planting method comprises the following steps:
field a.1:
(1) pre-treating a planting field: and (3) uniformly spreading the decomposed sesame cake fertilizer on the surface at the bottom of 12 months as a base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 3000 kg/hectare, and then ploughing and deeply turning over for 25cm for stubble drying.
(2) Planting watermelons:
(21) pretreating watermelon seeds: soaking watermelon seeds in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 3% for 10min, then soaking the watermelon seeds in a compound sodium nitrophenolate solution for 5min, and airing to obtain pretreated watermelon seeds for later use;
(22) and (3) breeding watermelon seedlings at the beginning of 4 months in the next year: filling the hole tray with a substrate, placing the hole tray on a seedbed in a winter-warming greenhouse, uniformly spraying 30-60 ml of formalin and 3L of water in each square meter of the hole tray, directly sowing watermelon seeds in holes of the hole tray, and finally laying a commodity substrate with the thickness of 2cm on the seeds; after emergence of seedlings of watermelons, hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1% and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate solution with the mass concentration of 15mg/l are distributed every 10 days, water spraying management is well carried out, and the seedling stage reaches 25 days;
the substrate is a mixture of peat, horticultural vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the peat to the horticultural vermiculite to the perlite is 2:1: 1;
(23) soil preparation is carried out in the middle ten days of 4 months, and potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer N-P is applied2O5-K218-18-18 percent of O, and the application amount is 1050 kg/hectare;
(24) paving a drip irrigation tape at the bottom of 4 months, paving a mulching film and planting watermelon seedlings in a mechanical and integrated manner;
the space for laying mulching films is 60cm, and the width of the mulching films is 90 cm;
the row spacing of the watermelon seedlings planted in the plug is 150cm, the plant spacing is 60cm, and the density is 740 plants/mu.
(25) And (5) performing flood irrigation after planting.
(3) Planting short-season cotton: and mechanically and directly sowing short-season cotton between mulching films in 5 months and 18 days, wherein the large row spacing and the small row spacing of the short-season cotton are respectively 90cm and 60cm, the plant spacing is 16cm, and the planting density is 5500 plants/mu.
(4) During the growth period of the watermelon, virus diseases, powdery mildew, gray mold, aphids and red spiders are prevented in time, and cotton aphids, whiteflies, cabbage caterpillars, lygus bugs and thrips are prevented and controlled during the growth period of the cotton.
(5) Watermelon was harvested at 30 days 6 months.
(6) After the watermelon is harvested, 45mg/L abscisic acid, 1% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed on the short-season cotton in time.
(7) Cotton harvesting was started on 9 months and 10 days.
B.2 field:
interplanting spring cotton K638 in watermelon, preparing soil in late 3 months, perforating mulching film in early 4 months, accelerating germination and sowing of watermelon, then installing a small arched shed, properly ventilating the watermelon before and after noon in seedling stage after 15 days in 4 months, selecting clear weather, cutting open a small opening on the upper part of each seedling of watermelon, making the temperature in the film not higher than 35 ℃, not lower than 25 ℃ and removing the shed in early 5 months. All watermelon plants adopt three-vine pruning, namely a main vine of the watermelon and two robust side vines with consistent growth vigor are reserved, other side vines are removed, sub vines on the two side vines are also removed, the row spacing and the plant spacing of the watermelon plants are 150cm and 60cm, natural pollination is carried out, fruits are thinned out when the fruits are big and small, healthy fruits at the 2 nd and 3 rd nodes are selected and reserved, and 1 fruit is reserved in each plant. And (4) perforating and sowing spring cotton K638 at the positions 25cm away from the watermelon on two sides of the mulching film in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the seedling density is 3000 plants/mu, and the cotton adopts a rough pruning measure. Other cultivation management measures are normal.
And (IV) comparing two planting modes:
the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of two planting methods during the symbiotic period of watermelon and cotton
From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that:
1) the symbiotic period of the watermelons and the cotton in the field 1 is reduced by 18 days compared with that of the field 2;
2) in the symbiotic period, the number of times of preventing and controlling cotton aphids in the field 1 is reduced by 2 times;
3) the times for preventing and controlling trialeurodes vaporariorum in the field 1 are reduced by 2 times compared with the times for preventing and controlling trialeurodes vaporariorum in the field 2.
Example 2
Test grouping:
a sandy soil test field with medium fertility and cotton as a previous crop is divided into two parts of 4 mu, each part of 2 mu is numbered, the number of the field 1 is numbered by adopting the simplified cultivation method for interplanting the watermelon and the short-season cotton, and the number of the field 2 is numbered by adopting the cultivation method in the traditional planting mode.
(II) planting varieties:
field 1: watermelon variety lazy vine No. 1 and short-season cotton Lu Cotton 532;
field 2: watermelon variety No. 1 lazy vine and conventional spring cotton variety k 836.
(III) specific planting mode:
the same as in example 1.
And (IV) comparing two planting modes:
the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of watermelon yield, disease resistance and employment
From the results of table 2, it can be seen that:
1) the yield of the watermelon in the field 1 is basically consistent with that of the field 2 and the weight of the single watermelon;
2) the number of watermelon susceptible virus strains in the field 1 is reduced by 23 strains/hectare compared with that in the field 2;
3) the field 1 is exempted from pruning and vine pressing and other links, the labor investment is obviously reduced compared with the field 2, the labor cost of the field 1 is reduced by 4800.0 yuan/hectare compared with the field 2 according to the calculation of 80 yuan/day of each labor;
4) no. 1 field saves 90 yuan/mu of arch shed installation material than No. 2 field.
Example 3
Test grouping:
selecting sandy soil with moderate fertility, dividing the test field into two parts, wherein each part is 1.5 mu, and numbering the field No. 1 by adopting the simplified cultivation method for interplanting the watermelons and the short-season cotton and the field No. 2 by adopting the traditional cultivation mode respectively.
(II) planting varieties:
field 1: zhengza No. 5 watermelon variety and Lu cotton 532 short-season cotton variety;
field 2: zhengza No. 5 and K836 of watermelon.
(III) specific planting mode:
the same as in example 1.
And (IV) comparing two planting modes:
the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Cotton yield and management investment questionnaire
From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that:
1) the number 1 field and the number 2 field decrease the number of days of the field growth time by 20 days, and the seed cotton yield is basically consistent;
2) the investment of labor for cotton seeding and disease and pest control in the field 1 is saved by 749.4 yuan/hectare compared with that in the field 2.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton in watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-treating a planting field: comprises applying base fertilizer, ploughing and deep-tedding stubble;
(2) planting watermelons: sequentially comprises the steps of watermelon seed pretreatment, watermelon seedling breeding, land preparation and fertilization, plug planting of watermelon seedlings and post-planting management;
(3) planting short-season cotton: mechanically and directly seeding short season cotton in 5-month middle ten days.
2. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton in watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operations of the step (1) are as follows: uniformly spreading the decomposed sesame cake fertilizer on the ground to serve as a base fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 2250-3750 kg/hectare, and then ploughing and deeply turning for 25-30 cm for stubble drying.
3. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton in watermelons as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific operations of the step (2) are as follows:
(21) pretreating watermelon seeds: soaking watermelon seeds in a hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 3% for 10min, then soaking the watermelon seeds in a compound sodium nitrophenolate solution for 5min, and airing to obtain pretreated watermelon seeds for later use;
(22) breeding watermelon seedlings at the beginning of 4 months: filling the hole tray with a substrate, placing the hole tray on a seedbed in a winter-warming greenhouse, uniformly spraying 30-60 ml of formalin and 3L of water in each square meter of the hole tray, directly sowing pretreated watermelon seeds in holes of the hole tray, and finally laying a substrate with the thickness of 2cm on the seeds; after emergence of seedlings of watermelons, hydrogen peroxide solution with the mass concentration of 1% and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate solution with the mass concentration of 15mg/l are distributed every 10 days, water spraying management is well carried out, and the seedling stage reaches 25 days;
the substrate is a mixture of peat, horticultural vermiculite and perlite, and the volume ratio of the peat to the horticultural vermiculite to the perlite is 2:1: 1;
(23)4, land preparation and fertilization in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the fertilizer is potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer N-P2O5-K218-18-18 percent of O, and the application amount per hectare is 1050 kg;
(24) laying a drip irrigation tape at the bottom of 4 months, laying a mulching film and fixedly planting watermelon seedlings in a plug tray, and mechanically integrating the drip irrigation tape, the mulching film and the plug tray;
(25) and (5) performing flood irrigation after planting.
4. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton with watermelon as claimed in claim 3, wherein said step (24) of laying mulching films has an open space of 60cm and a width of 90 cm.
5. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the row spacing of watermelon seedlings planted in the plug is 150cm, the plant spacing is 60cm, and the watermelon seedlings are planted in the middle of a mulching film.
6. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton in watermelons as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the density of watermelon seedlings planted in the plug is 740 seedlings/mu.
7. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton in watermelon according to claim 1, wherein the short-season cotton in step (3) is planted in large and small rows, 2 rows are sowed in the open place between the mulching films, the row spacing of the large row is 90cm, the row spacing of the small row is 60cm, the plant spacing is 16cm, and the seedling density is 5500 plants/mu.
8. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton with watermelon as claimed in claim 1, further comprising pest control, specifically comprising:
during the growth period of the watermelon, virus diseases, powdery mildew, gray mold, aphids and red spiders are prevented in time, and cotton aphids, whiteflies, cabbage caterpillars, lygus bugs and thrips are prevented and controlled during the growth period of the cotton.
9. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting watermelons and short-season cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the watermelon is selected from varieties of Tornado, No. 1, No. 2 or No. 5.
10. The simplified cultivation method for interplanting short-season cotton with watermelon as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the short-season cotton is Lu cotton 532.
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| CN (1) | CN112189517A (en) |
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Application publication date: 20210108 |