CN112174752A - Organic fertilizer special for medlar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer special for medlar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112174752A CN112174752A CN202010997985.5A CN202010997985A CN112174752A CN 112174752 A CN112174752 A CN 112174752A CN 202010997985 A CN202010997985 A CN 202010997985A CN 112174752 A CN112174752 A CN 112174752A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention provides an organic fertilizer special for medlar, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5400-5600 parts of sheep manure, 4300-4500 parts of cow manure, 200-300 parts of rice bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of decay promoting agent and 15-20 parts of bacillus subtilis. The organic fertilizer special for the medlar does not contain any harmful substance, can improve soil, can solve the problems of soil hardening and salinization, can generate beneficial flora, and can provide nutrients and maintain the soil temperature in the early growth stage of the medlar and decompose and provide nutrients in the later growth stage by mixing the sheep manure and the cow manure, so that the organic fertilizer special for the medlar can stably and continuously provide the nutrients required by the medlar growth, thereby better promoting the balanced growth of roots, stems and leaves of the medlar, avoiding seedling burning and generating no plant diseases and insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer special for medlar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The medlar serving as an ecological economic tree species can not only produce economic benefits, but also play a role in preventing and controlling sand, and in recent years, along with the gradual increase of the demand of medlar, the production scale of medlar is larger and larger, the market competitiveness is also improved gradually, the quality requirement of medlar is further improved, however, the medlar with high quality cannot play a role of a bio-organic fertilizer, and the bio-organic fertilizer refers to a fertilizer which is compounded by using animal and plant residues (such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like) as a source and carrying out innocent treatment and thoroughly decomposed organic materials and has the effects of a microbial fertilizer and an organic fertilizer.
In the prior art, the formula of the organic fertilizer special for the medlar is less, and the general organic fertilizer on the market can provide proper nutrition for the medlar planting, but is generally not suitable for the medlar planting, has too many varieties and relatively high cost, and is easy to cause fertilizer damage, so that the medlar generates various plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process and is not completely suitable for the growth characteristics of the medlar.
Therefore, the provision of a special organic fertilizer suitable for the growth characteristics of the medlar, which can improve soil, promote the balanced growth of roots, stems and leaves of the medlar, and promote the growth of green organic medlar without any pest and disease damage, is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an organic fertilizer special for medlar and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the use of the organic fertilizer in the prior art can deteriorate soil, can not enable roots, stems and leaves of the medlar to grow in a balanced manner, and can also cause diseases and insect pests.
On one hand, the invention provides a special organic fertilizer for medlar, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5400-5600 parts of sheep manure, 4300-4500 parts of cow manure, 200-300 parts of rice bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of decay promoting agent and 15-20 parts of bacillus subtilis.
Optionally, the raw material formula of the organic fertilizer special for medlar is as follows by mass:
5500 parts of sheep manure, 4400 parts of cow manure, 250 parts of rice bran, 1 part of a preservative and 18 parts of bacillus subtilis.
Optionally, the sheep manure has no rotten fermentation phenomenon, and contains 24-27% of organic matters, 0.7-0.8% of nitrogen, 0.45-0.6% of phosphorus, 0.4-0.5% of potassium, less than or equal to 25% of sand content and 20-30% of water content.
Optionally, the cow dung has no decomposition and fermentation phenomena, and contains 12.5-14.5% of organic matters, 0.3-0.45% of nitrogen, 0.16-0.25% of phosphorus, 0.1-0.15% of potassium, less than or equal to 25% of sand content and 20-30% of water content.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the sheep manure to the cow manure is less than or equal to 700kg/m3。
In the technical scheme, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sheep manure is about 12:1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the cow manure is about 21:1, the sheep manure belongs to a warm and hot fertilizer, the soil temperature can be moderately increased in cold weather, the 'seedling burning' is avoided, the growth of the root system of the Chinese wolfberry at the early stage is facilitated, the cow manure belongs to a cold fertilizer, generally does not generate heat, is slowly decomposed, belongs to a slow-acting fertilizer, the fertilizer effect time is long, and if the mass parts of the sheep manure or the cow manure in the formula are increased or reduced, the condition of unbalanced fertilizer effect can occur, so that the fertilizer effects of the sheep manure and the cow manure are not connected; for example, the early stage of sheep manure is rich, the nutrients are sufficient, the medlar branches grow more and longer, but the nutrients are insufficient in the later stage, so that the medlar fruit grains are small; and if the cow dung is too much in the early stage, the branches of the Chinese wolfberry are less and the length is not enough, so that the yield is reduced.
Optionally, the fineness of the rice bran is more than 4 meshes.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for medlar, which comprises the following specific steps:
s101, weighing sheep manure, cow manure, rice bran and a corrosion promoter according to a formula;
s102, uniformly mixing the rice bran and the corrosion promoter, scattering the mixture into a manure pile, and fully stirring the mixture;
s103, adding a proper amount of water into the manure pile to control the water content of the materials to be 40% -45%, starting pile building, piling the manure pile into cubes with the length of 15m-50m, the width of 1.8m-2.2m and the height of 1.5m-2m, and covering a shading net;
s104, after the pile is built, performing primary fermentation for 5-7 days at 60-65 ℃ in the first 3-4 days, and when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, completing the primary fermentation, stirring, radiating and ventilating, and turning over the built pile from the bottom;
s105, repeating the operations of S103 and S104 for 4 times until the fifth fermentation is completed;
s106, weighing the bacillus subtilis according to the formula, uniformly scattering the bacillus subtilis on the material which completes the fifth fermentation, performing reverse stacking, repeating the operations of S103 and S104, and completing the sixth fermentation until the material is dark brown, and cooling to normal temperature to complete the fermentation;
s107, after fermentation is completed, the organic fertilizer special for the medlar is obtained, wherein the water content is less than or equal to 30%, the organic matter content (calculated by dried substances) is more than or equal to 20%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (calculated by dried substances) is more than or equal to 3%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature of 3-4 days before fermentation is controlled at 60-65 ℃, worm eggs, grass seeds, germs and the like can be killed, proper feeding and pile turning needs to be paid attention in the fermentation process, and piles are newly built every time.
Optionally, the temperature range of the proper amount of water in the step S103 is 15-25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the organic fertilizer special for the medlar and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the raw material formula of the invention contains various elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, chlorine, sulfur and the like, and the content is relatively balanced, in addition, the sheep manure and the cow manure are mixed, the sheep manure can be firstly decomposed in the early and middle stages of the growth of the medlar to provide nutrients and adjust the soil temperature, and the cow manure is properly decomposed to provide nutrients in the middle and later stages of the growth of the medlar, the decomposition time of the fertilizer is moderate, the required nutrients in the growth process of the medlar can be stably and continuously provided, and the physiological growth characteristics of the medlar are better met.
(2) The organic fertilizer special for medlar has rich organic matter content, can improve soil, and can effectively solve the problems of soil hardening and salinization.
(3) The organic fertilizer special for the medlar can generate beneficial flora, can better promote the balanced growth of the medlar roots, stems and leaves, and can not cause 'seedling burning'.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the fertilizer special for medlar.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention provides an organic fertilizer special for medlar, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5500 parts of sheep manure, 4400 parts of cow manure, 250 parts of rice bran, 1 part of a decomposition accelerator and 18 parts of bacillus subtilis, wherein the sheep manure and the cow manure are manure without decomposition fermentation phenomenon, and the weight ratio of the manure is less than or equal to 700kg/m3The sand content of the excrement is less than or equal to 25 percent, the water content is 20 to 30 percent, the fineness of the rice bran is more than 4 meshes, and the decay promoting agent and the bacillus subtilis are qualified.
Example 2
The invention provides an organic fertilizer special for medlar, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5400 parts of sheep manure, 4300 parts of cow manure, 200 parts of rice bran, 0.8 part of a decomposition promoter and 15 parts of bacillus subtilis, wherein the sheep manure and the cow manure are both manure without decomposition fermentation phenomenon, and the weight ratio of the manure is less than or equal to 700kg/m3The sand content of the excrement is less than or equal to 25 percent, the water content is 20 to 30 percent, the fineness of the rice bran is more than 4 meshes, and the decay promoting agent and the bacillus subtilis are qualified.
Example 3
The invention provides an organic fertilizer special for medlar, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5600 parts of sheep manure, 4500 parts of cow manure, 300 parts of rice bran, 1.2 parts of decay promoting agent and 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, wherein the sheep manure and the cow manure are manure without the phenomenon of decayed fermentation, and the weight ratio of the manure is less than or equal to 700kg/m3The sand content of the excrement is less than or equal to 25 percent, the water content is 20 to 30 percent, the fineness of the rice bran is more than 4 meshes, and the decay promoting agent and the bacillus subtilis are qualified.
In examples 1 to 3, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of sheep manure is about 12:1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of cow manure is about 21:1, since sheep manure is a warm and hot fertilizer, the soil temperature can be moderately raised in cold weather, seedling burning cannot be caused, growth of the root system of Chinese wolfberry at the early stage is facilitated, while cow manure is a cold fertilizer, generally no heat is generated, decomposition is slow, slow-acting fertilizer is obtained, and the fertilizer efficiency time is long, if the mass parts of sheep manure or cow manure in the formula are increased or reduced, the fertilizer efficiency may be unbalanced, so that the fertilizer efficiency of sheep manure and cow manure cannot be connected; for example, the early stage of sheep manure is rich, the nutrients are sufficient, the medlar branches grow more and longer, but the nutrients are insufficient in the later stage, so that the medlar fruit grains are small; and if the cow dung is too much in the early stage, the branches of the Chinese wolfberry are less and the length is not enough, so that the yield is reduced.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the invention also provides a preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for medlar, which is described by taking the raw material formula of example 1 as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
weighing 5500 parts of sheep manure, 4400 parts of cow manure, 250 parts of rice bran and 1 part of a preservative according to the formula in the example 1; uniformly mixing 1 part of the preservative and 250 parts of rice bran, uniformly scattering the mixture into a manure pile, and fully and uniformly stirring; adding a proper amount of water into the manure pile, wherein the temperature of the water is 15-25 ℃, the moisture of the material is controlled to be 40-45%, and the inspection mode is as follows: the material is gripped by hand, water is seen in the finger joints but does not drip, and the material is qualified when falling to the ground; then, the pile is built, and the pile body can not be made too small and too short, otherwise the fermentation can be influenced, so that the length of the pile body is between 15m and 50m, the width of the pile body is between 1.8m and 2.2m, and the height of the pile body is between 1.5m and 2.0 m; after the pile is built, covering a shading net, and performing primary fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 5-7 days, the fermentation temperature in the first 3-4 days is 60-65 ℃, worm eggs, grass seeds and germs can be effectively killed, the primary fermentation is completed when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, and stirring, heat dissipation and ventilation are performed; when the next five times of fermentation are carried out, the pile body is required to be turned over from the bottom to rebuild the pile before each time of fermentation, meanwhile, the shapes of the pile body before and after turning over are consistent, and the fermentation time and the fermentation temperature of the second fermentation to the fifth fermentation are the same as those of the first fermentation; after the fifth fermentation is finished, adding 18 parts of bacillus subtilis into the manure piles according to the formula, uniformly scattering the bacillus subtilis on the materials for reverse stacking, and fermenting according to the first fermentation time and temperature; when the sixth fermentation is completed and the temperature is reduced to normal temperature, a blackish brown material is obtained, which means that the fermentation process is completed, and at this time, the organic fertilizer special for medlar, which has the water content (calculated by fresh materials) of less than or equal to 30%, the organic matter content (calculated by dried materials) of 21%, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (calculated by dried materials) of 4% and the pH value of 5.6, is obtained.
It should be particularly noted that, in this embodiment, the preparation start temperature of the organic fertilizer special for medlar is above 15 ℃, and the organic fertilizer special for medlar prepared by the above formula and method can grow healthily after fertilizing medlar, and does not cause diseases and insect pests due to the existing fertilizer, and the effect is significant.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and the embodiments are only examples of the general inventive concept, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other embodiments extended by the solution according to the invention without inventive step will be within the scope of protection of the invention for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. The organic fertilizer special for the medlar is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5400-5600 parts of sheep manure, 4300-4500 parts of cow manure, 200-300 parts of rice bran, 0.8-1.2 parts of decay promoting agent and 15-20 parts of bacillus subtilis.
2. The organic fertilizer special for medlar according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5500 parts of sheep manure, 4400 parts of cow manure, 250 parts of rice bran, 1 part of a preservative and 18 parts of bacillus subtilis.
3. The organic fertilizer special for medlar according to claim 1, wherein the sheep manure has no rotten fermentation phenomenon, and contains 24% -27% of organic matter, 0.7% -0.8% of nitrogen, 0.45% -0.6% of phosphorus, 0.4% -0.5% of potassium, less than or equal to 25% of sand content and 20% -30% of water content.
4. The organic fertilizer special for medlar according to claim 1, wherein the cow dung has no rotten fermentation phenomenon, and contains 12.5 to 14.5 percent of organic matters, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of nitrogen, 0.16 to 0.25 percent of phosphorus, 0.1 to 0.15 percent of potassium, less than or equal to 25 percent of sand content and 20 to 30 percent of water content.
5. The organic fertilizer special for medlar according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of sheep manure to cow manure is less than or equal to 700kg/m3。
6. The organic fertilizer special for medlar according to claim 1, wherein the fineness of rice bran is more than 4 meshes.
7. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for medlar is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s101, weighing sheep manure, cow manure, rice bran and a corrosion promoter according to a formula;
s102, uniformly mixing the rice bran and the corrosion promoter, scattering the mixture into a manure pile, and fully stirring the mixture;
s103, adding a proper amount of water into the manure pile to control the water content of the materials to be 40% -45%, starting pile building, piling the manure pile into cubes with the length of 15m-50m, the width of 1.8m-2.2m and the height of 1.5m-2.0m, and covering a shading net;
s104, after the pile is built, performing primary fermentation for 5-7 days at 60-65 ℃ for the first 3-4 days, and when the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, completing the primary fermentation, and stirring, radiating and ventilating;
s105, turning over the pile built by the first fermentation, and repeating the operations of S103 and S104 for 4 times until the fifth fermentation is finished;
s106, weighing the bacillus subtilis according to the formula, uniformly scattering the bacillus subtilis on the material which completes the fifth fermentation, performing reverse stacking, repeating the operations of S103 and S104, and completing the sixth fermentation until the material is dark brown, and cooling to normal temperature to complete the fermentation;
s107, after fermentation is completed, the organic fertilizer special for the medlar is obtained, wherein the water content (calculated by fresh materials) is less than or equal to 30%, the organic matter content (calculated by dried materials) is more than or equal to 20%, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (calculated by dried materials) is more than or equal to 3%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5.
8. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for medlar according to claim 7, wherein the temperature range of the proper amount of water in S103 is 15-25 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114539005A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 卢岩 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using crop straws |
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| CN114539005A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 卢岩 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using crop straws |
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Application publication date: 20210105 |
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