CN1121738A - 电磁锁 - Google Patents

电磁锁 Download PDF

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CN1121738A
CN1121738A CN94191864A CN94191864A CN1121738A CN 1121738 A CN1121738 A CN 1121738A CN 94191864 A CN94191864 A CN 94191864A CN 94191864 A CN94191864 A CN 94191864A CN 1121738 A CN1121738 A CN 1121738A
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tongue
lock
pawl
solenoid
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G·J·卢克
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Trimec Securities Pty Ltd
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Trimec Securities Pty Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/06—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents
    • E05B47/0607—Controlling mechanically-operated bolts by electro-magnetically-operated detents the detent moving pivotally or rotatively
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B63/00—Locks or fastenings with special structural characteristics
    • E05B63/0065—Operating modes; Transformable to different operating modes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B63/00—Locks or fastenings with special structural characteristics
    • E05B63/24—Arrangements in which the fastening members which engage one another are mounted respectively on the wing and the frame and are both movable, e.g. for release by moving either of them
    • E05B63/244—Arrangements in which the fastening members which engage one another are mounted respectively on the wing and the frame and are both movable, e.g. for release by moving either of them the striker being movable for latching, the bolt for unlatching, or vice versa
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
    • E05B17/20—Means independent of the locking mechanism for preventing unauthorised opening, e.g. for securing the bolt in the fastening position
    • E05B17/2003—Preventing opening by insertion of a tool, e.g. flexible, between door and jamb to withdraw the bolt
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
    • E05B17/20—Means independent of the locking mechanism for preventing unauthorised opening, e.g. for securing the bolt in the fastening position
    • E05B17/2007—Securing, deadlocking or "dogging" the bolt in the fastening position
    • E05B17/203—Securing, deadlocking or "dogging" the bolt in the fastening position not following the movement of the bolt
    • E05B17/2034—Securing, deadlocking or "dogging" the bolt in the fastening position not following the movement of the bolt moving pivotally or rotatively
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
    • E05B47/0001—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof
    • E05B47/0002—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means with electric actuators; Constructional features thereof with electromagnets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
    • E05C3/00—Fastening devices with bolts moving pivotally or rotatively
    • E05C3/12—Fastening devices with bolts moving pivotally or rotatively with latching action
    • E05C3/16—Fastening devices with bolts moving pivotally or rotatively with latching action with operating handle or equivalent member moving otherwise than rigidly with the latch
    • E05C3/22—Fastening devices with bolts moving pivotally or rotatively with latching action with operating handle or equivalent member moving otherwise than rigidly with the latch the bolt being spring controlled
    • E05C3/30—Fastening devices with bolts moving pivotally or rotatively with latching action with operating handle or equivalent member moving otherwise than rigidly with the latch the bolt being spring controlled in the form of a hook
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08—Bolts
    • Y10T292/096—Sliding
    • Y10T292/1014—Operating means
    • Y10T292/1021—Motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08—Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043—Swinging
    • Y10T292/1075—Operating means
    • Y10T292/1082—Motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00—Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/08—Bolts
    • Y10T292/1043—Swinging
    • Y10T292/1075—Operating means
    • Y10T292/1083—Rigid
    • Y10T292/1092—Swinging catch

Abstract

一种用于门或类似装置的锁，包括一个可绕轴线(5)在一个与撞舌(3)啮合的锁定位置和一个脱离撞舌(3)的非锁定位置之间转动的舌形件(4)。一个可绕第二轴线(7)在一第一位置和一第二位置之间转动的爪(6)，在第一位置其一个端部(18)顶靠于所述舌形件以将它保持在锁定位置，在第二位置所述端部(18)脱离舌形件(4)。有一组在所述爪的另一相对端部(19)和另一线轴(10)之间首尾铰接的肘节。肘节相互连接的端部(11)由一个连杆(12)连接于一螺线管铁心(13)。有一个可在断电保险位置和一个断电保护位置之间移动的挡销(16)，在该断电保险位置，当所述螺线管(14)断电时所述肘节(8)以大致直线的状态由一螺旋弹簧(15)偏置而顶靠在所述挡销(16)上，在该断电保护装置，当所述螺线管(14)通电时所述肘节(8)被保持在一个顶靠所述挡销(16)的略微偏离的位置。

Description

电磁锁
本发明涉及锁，更具体说涉及电动机械锁。
现有的电动机械锁一般包括一个安装在门框内侧的电磁装置，其位置可使之接触一个门外缘附近的固定钢板。只要向电磁装置通电，就可将门锁定在关闭位置。当断电时，门就可自动打开。然而，除了体积大和外观不佳，这种锁还有一些操作上的缺陷。钢板未对齐或者灰尘或氧化皮等之类的外来物体积累在电磁铁和钢板之间都有可能减弱钢板和电磁铁之间的吸引力(这样也损害门的保安性)。此外，这种锁只限制于断电保护操作，而不能以断电保险模式操作。
所以本发明的目的是克服上述缺陷。因此本发明公开了一种用于门之类的可动障碍或类似装置的锁，所述锁包括一个绕一第一轴线可在一锁定位置和一非锁定位置之间转动的舌形件，在锁定位置它与撞舌啮合，在非锁定位置它脱离撞舌，一个在其端部的中间绕一第二轴线可在一第一位置和一第二位置之间转动的爪，在第一位置该爪的一端部靠在舌形件上以将它保持在所述锁定位置，在第二位置所述端部脱离该舌形件，和一组在所述爪的另一相对端部和一第三轴线之间首尾铰接的肘节，所述肘节相互连接的端部连接于一弹簧偏置的螺线管铁心，和一个可在断电保险位置和一个断电保护位置之间移动的止挡装置，在该断电保险位置，当所述螺线管断电时所述肘节以大致直线的状态被偏置而顶靠在所述止挡装置上，以将爪和舌形件保持在所述锁定位置，在该断电保护位置，当所述螺线管断电时所述肘节抵抗所述止挡装置而被偏离到一释放状态，然后当一撤出力施加到撞舌上时所述爪和舌形件装置就转动到所述非锁定位置。
所述爪和舌形件最好这样成形，即在它们之间所施加的力的方向可绕所述第二轴线形成一个力矩，该力矩将爪偏置到所述第二位置。
撞舌在其安装板上最好是可反抗弹簧偏置力向一侧偏转的，这样当所述舌形件是固定的时就使所述撞舌绕舌形件而啮合。
现在，参照附图描述目前为止本发明的最佳形式，附图中：
图1是该锁外部的透视图；
图2是处于断电保险模式中沿A-A线的示意性剖视图；
图3是处于断电保护模式中沿A-A线的示意性剖视图；
图4是撞舌的透视图。
锁的外部可由软钢制成并成型为一个一件三侧面外壳，在使用中该外壳可利用螺孔安装在一个门框(未示出)的内侧，它包括一个带有一开孔2的前表面1A，安装在门上的撞舌3即进入该开孔内，一个下壁3A和一个上壁3B，上壁3B已被切除因此未在剖视图上示出。现在更具体地参照图2和3，其中示出了一个在外壳内可转动地绕固定轴线5安装的钩形舌4(处于与撞舌啮合的锁定位置)，一个可转动地绕固定轴线7安装的细长爪6和一组安装在该爪的一端部9和一固定轴线10之间的肘节8。这些固定轴线5，7和10在锁外壳的上壁和下壁上的对准的孔之间延伸。肘节由一个销11串联，销11也由一连杆12连接于螺线管14的弹簧偏置铁心13，该螺线管固定在外壳的上壁。连杆12最好位于一个横跨铁心端部的径向槽内并由一横向销14A保持在位。这里，一螺旋压缩弹簧15绕铁心安装并在螺线管(它固定在锁外壳上)的前板15A和连杆12的肩部15B之间起作用。该弹簧起着使铁心13和连杆12偏离螺线管的作用。在图2所示的螺线管断电的断电保险模式中，该螺旋弹簧15略被压缩。这样铁心13，连杆12和销11均被偏置到锁的左侧，如图所示，一挡销16位于外壳的上、下壁之间的一个位置，在此位置它靠在肘节组件上的凸块装置17上，并以大致直线的状态将肘节组件保持在固定轴线10和爪的端部9之间。爪的另一端部18靠在舌形件4的自由端19上并将它保持在所示的锁定状态。在此断电保险模式中，当螺线管未通电时门就保持关闭。此外，借助于肘节与爪之形状的相互作用而产生的机械增益，只需要较轻的弹簧压力即可将它们保持在所示的锁定状态，以防施加在撞舌上的很大的开门力。
使螺线管14通电就将铁心13，连杆12和肘节销11吸到右侧。这样就依次将爪的端部9向上拉，从而另一端部18脱离舌形件，并当拉出撞舌3时允话舌形件反抗偏压弹簧18A转动到左侧。
为实现断电保护操作，挡销16和螺线管14的位置被改变到图3所示的位置。更具体说，将螺线管略朝左方重新定位，使它更为靠近肘节，并且将挡销16移动到肘节凸块17下方的一个位置。在这种配置中，当螺线管通电时就将铁心，连杆12和肘节销11拉到右侧，这样凸块17就靠在挡销的上侧。现在销16定位成最好将肘节组件保持在偏离直线一约10度的角度。然而，这仍具有产生较大机械增益的效果，以将爪保持在所示位置，即其端部18顶抵住舌形件以将之保持在锁定位置。通过增加挡销16的直径，可增加肘节的偏离角度。这样的结果是减少了上述机械增益，这样尽管通电螺线管的作用，撞舌上的预定撤出力将打开锁。然而，使螺线管断电就允许压缩螺旋弹簧15通过向左侧压迫连杆12并将肘节压迫至折叠状态而将机构偏置到非锁定状态。然而，借助于爪6的新颖形状，将大大便利在此断电保护模式中撞舌的释放，该形状使来自舌形件4并作用在爪上的力A的作用线位于略偏离轴线7的方向。这样就产生了一个力矩，如图所示，它进一步迫使爪6顺时针旋转，从而使其端部18脱离钩形舌并允许撞舌2释放。
最好将微动开关，磁传感器之类的指示器或类似装置安装在锁上，以显示何时撞舌3和爪6处于图2所示的锁定位置。采用这种实施例，可将一微动开关20安装在外壳内的一接线板21上，这样，当爪6从锁定位置移动到释放位置时，通过与爪6上的凸台22啮合所述开关就被关闭。当撞舌3处于图1所示的锁定位置时，也可将一磁敏开关23安装在撞舌3的最顶端附近。它将检测撞舌顶端上一磁插片24的接近程度，并指示门是否处于关闭位置。可以用电线将开关20和23连接于任何适当用以与一远程显示装置相连接的电路。
为使撞舌3在关门时，能容易地与舌形件4啮合，可将其顶部3D斜削，并且最好将其铰接在其基座3C上，这样它可略微向右侧摆动。如图2和3所示。尽管图中未显示，一个弹簧应置于基座内，在撞舌通过舌形件4并进入锁外壳之内后用以使撞舌复位到左侧。
最好将一弹簧碰头25安装在锁内并与钩形舌相对。其作用是防止插入一工具用于将撞锁顶部拨到右侧而离开钩形舌，从而将锁撬开，该碰头是由弹簧加载，这样在将撞舌插入锁内时在最初偏向右侧之后，它会再次复位到所示位置。在锁与撞舌未适当对准的安装状态下，它也有助于将撞舌保持在锁定位置。
为说明目的，诸如“上”，“下”，“前”，“左”和“右”等表达方式参照的是处于附图所示位置的锁，并且不应当认为是必要的限制。
这样，可以理解至少以所公开实施例形成的本发明提供了一种对电动机械锁的新颖和独一无二的改进。然而很清楚，所描述的实施例是本发明的目前最佳的实施例，并且可作出各种各样的改动，这些改动对于本领域技术人员来说是明显的。例如，锁的各种零件的形状以及在断电保护模式中肘节的偏离角度均可改变，而不超出本发明的范围。本发明也不受限于制造锁的任何特定材料，尽管钢是最佳的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于门之类的可动障碍或类似装置的锁，所述锁包括一个绕一第一轴线可在一锁定位置和一非锁定位置之间转动的舌形件，在锁定位置它与撞舌啮合，在非锁定位置它脱离撞舌，一个绕一第二轴线可在一第一位置和一第二位置之间转动的爪，在第一位置该爪的一端部靠在舌形件上以将它保持在所述锁定位置，在第二位置所述端部脱离该舌形件，和一组在所述爪的另一相对端部和一第三轴线之间首尾铰接的肘节，所述肘节相互连接的端部由一个连杆连接于一螺线管铁心，和一个可在断电保险位置和一个断电保护位置之间移动的止挡装置，在该断电保险位置，当所述螺线管断电时所述肘节以大致直线的状态由一弹簧装置偏置而顶靠在所述止挡装置上，以将爪和舌形件保持在所述锁定位置，在该断电保护位置，当所述螺线管通电时所述肘节被保持在一个顶靠所述止挡装置的略微偏离的位置并且当所述螺线管断电时所述弹簧装置就迫使所述肘节进入一种折叠状态，然后当一撤回力施加到撞舌上时所述爪和舌形件装置就转动到所述非锁定位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的锁，其中所述螺线管在与所述止挡装置的所述断电保险和断电保护位置相对应的不同位置之间是可重新定位的。
3.如权利要求2所述的锁，其中所述两个位置是沿着铁心轴线的线。
4.如权利要求3所述的锁，其中当所述止挡装置处于断电保护位置并且螺线管断电时，所述爪的形状有助于撞舌的释放，所述爪的形状使得从舌形件作用于爪上的力作用线位于略偏离所述第二轴线的方向上。
5.如权利要求4所述的，其中当所述止挡装置处于断电保护位置并且当螺线管通电时所述肘节以偏离直线约10度的角度对齐。
6.如权利要求5所述的锁，其中肘节包括一个凸块装置，它与所述止挡装置啮合。
7.如权利要求6所述的锁，其中所述连杆在肘节相互连接的端部和所述螺线管铁心之间延伸，所述连杆相对于所述铁心和一螺旋压缩弹簧可作有限的轴向滑动，该弹簧用以将所述连杆偏离所述螺线管。
8.如权利要求7所述的锁，还进一步包括一个由细长三侧面框架构成的外壳，带有一个前表面和上壁及下壁，所述止挡装置和第一，第二及第三轴线位于所述外壳上、下壁上的对准的相应孔之间。
9.如权利要求8所述的锁，其中所述锁包括一舌簧开关，随着所述爪从锁定位置移动到非锁定位置，当该开关与所述爪上的一个凸台啮合时该开关就关闭。
10.如权利要求4所述的锁，其中所述锁还包括一个磁敏开关，当所述撞舌处于锁内而表示门何时关闭时，该开关感知撞锁上的一个磁插片。
CN94191864A 1994-02-25 1994-11-08 电磁锁 Pending CN1121738A (zh)

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AUPM4090A AUPM409094A0 (en) 1994-02-25 1994-02-25 Improvements in electromagnetic locks
AUPM4090 1994-02-25

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CN1121738A true CN1121738A (zh) 1996-05-01

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CN94191864A Pending CN1121738A (zh) 1994-02-25 1994-11-08 电磁锁

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US (1) US5690373A (zh)
CN (1) CN1121738A (zh)
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GB (1) GB2293204B (zh)
TW (1) TW288085B (zh)
WO (1) WO1995023269A1 (zh)

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CN102330518A (zh) * 2010-05-28 2012-01-25 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 断电和通电条件中的高效和安全的门锁控制
CN103883173A (zh) * 2014-03-17 2014-06-25 常熟市加腾电子设备厂（普通合伙） 结构改进的电控锁
CN103924840A (zh) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-16 广东金点原子制锁有限公司 一种锁芯防撬盖
CN113914721A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-11 惠州市昊成工控科技有限公司 智能锁具及智能锁具的开闭锁方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1301362C (zh) * 1998-03-17 2007-02-21 伊兰·戈德曼 电磁锁装置
CN1328461C (zh) * 2000-01-25 2007-07-25 威泰公司 电子锁定系统
CN102330518A (zh) * 2010-05-28 2012-01-25 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 断电和通电条件中的高效和安全的门锁控制
CN102330518B (zh) * 2010-05-28 2014-07-09 洛克威尔自动控制技术股份有限公司 断电和通电条件中的高效和安全的门锁控制
CN103924840A (zh) * 2013-01-15 2014-07-16 广东金点原子制锁有限公司 一种锁芯防撬盖
CN103924840B (zh) * 2013-01-15 2016-03-23 广东金点原子制锁有限公司 一种锁芯防撬盖
CN103883173A (zh) * 2014-03-17 2014-06-25 常熟市加腾电子设备厂（普通合伙） 结构改进的电控锁
CN103883173B (zh) * 2014-03-17 2017-01-25 常熟市加腾电子设备厂（普通合伙） 结构改进的电控锁
CN113914721A (zh) * 2021-11-09 2022-01-11 惠州市昊成工控科技有限公司 智能锁具及智能锁具的开闭锁方法

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TW288085B (zh) 1996-10-11
GB2293204A (en) 1996-03-20
GB2293204B (en) 1997-07-09
US5690373A (en) 1997-11-25
WO1995023269A1 (en) 1995-08-31
GB9520636D0 (en) 1995-12-13
AUPM409094A0 (en) 1994-03-24

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