CN112166930A

CN112166930A - Method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees

Info

Publication number: CN112166930A
Application number: CN202011146156.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏德君
Original assignee: Hunan Changde Xihu District Forest And Grass Industry Landscaping Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Changde Xihu District Forest And Grass Industry Landscaping Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-23
Filing date: 2020-10-23
Publication date: 2021-01-05

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees, which comprises the following steps of S1: the landscaping grass and trees need special topography during cultivation, the topography repairing cloth is in a trapezoidal slope-shaped structure, and the subsequent landscaping grass and trees are arranged according to the size of seedlings and the conditions of preferring sun and water storage; s2, point-point marking, interval marking according to the size range of the root of the vegetation cultivated on each layer of landform, the diameter of the tree pit is more than one time of the diameter of the root group, so the tree pits are divided into root group diameter length, and different tree pit opening points are distributed. The invention relates to a seedling planting method, which combines a seeding mode, improves the survival rate and the turf density by calculating the seeding quantity, scientifically improves the survival rate of grass seeds, utilizes the gradient to ensure that the irrigation water is distributed in a trapezoid shape and forms surface runoff after shaping, and the drainage ditch drains and gathers, so that the seedling emergence uniformity and the moisture of a seedbed are uniform, and the bald spots caused by seedling shortage are reduced.

Description

Method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating landscaping vegetation.

Background

Lawn and ground cover plants are plants which are developed and applied to the fields of garden ecology, environmental protection, sports and the like on the basis of pasture and grassland. Lawn plants belong to the scope of ground covering duties together with ground cover plants, and are actually a large type of ground cover plants.

With the development of national economy and the improvement of living standard, the requirements of people on the environmental quality are higher and higher. The lawn is used as the primary color of the whole environment greening, and has the important effect of environmental greening and beautifying, and is generally accepted by people. The improvement of the construction and management levels of lawn workers is an important way for the development of the lawn industry in China to a benign track, and particularly, the improvement of the lawn maintenance management technology can reduce the waste caused by repeated construction, prolong the service life of the lawn and fully play the role of greening and beautifying the environment by the lawn. Lawn planting mainly comprises the aspects of field preparation, lawn planting, maintenance management and the like.

Some grass and trees are planted by sowing, the survival rate cannot be well considered, the problem that the formed turf live lawn has uneven density distribution is caused, the nutrition competition of the turf is caused, and the growth and the integral molding strength of the turf are further influenced.

Some grass and trees are cultivated in uneven land, irrigation water distribution is uneven and surface runoff is formed, uniformity of seedling emergence and uniformity of seedbed water are directly affected, mainly because seeds are easy to wash away during watering, the seedbed is difficult to keep consistent water conditions, and as a result, seedling lack bald spots are easily formed.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees.

The invention provides a method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees, which comprises the following steps:

s1: terrain arrangement: the landscaping grass and trees need special topography during cultivation, the topography repairing cloth is in a trapezoidal slope-shaped structure, and the subsequent landscaping grass and trees are arranged according to the size of seedlings and the conditions of preferring sun and water storage;

s2: dotted line: performing interval labeling according to the size range of rhizomes of the vegetation cultivated on each layer of terrain, wherein the diameter of the tree pits is more than one time of the diameter of the root system group, so that the tree pits are divided into root system group diameter lengths, and different tree pit opening points are distributed;

s3: digging holes: digging tree holes according to the positions of inserted flags, piling surface soil on one side and piling bottom soil on the other side during digging the holes, and removing impurities;

s4: improving soil of the tree pit layer: before planting seedlings, fertilizing treatment needs to be carried out by fully mixing thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and one third of bottom soil, in the process of planting grass and tree seedlings, a seeding mode is usually adopted, grass and tree seeds or seeds are placed on the upper side of the mixed thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and one third of bottom soil, in the process of backfilling the bottom soil, the seeds are generally filled in the middle-lower area of a tree pit, and then watering treatment is carried out;

s5: ridging and planting: then, filling the top surface soil back to the upper layer of the tree pit by using hilling, spraying water to enable the upper layer soil to be in a water-rich loose state, and then keeping ventilation and watering regularly until a flaky plant area is generated;

s6: digging (raising) seedlings: firstly, sampling at more than 10-15cm of the periphery of a sheet-shaped grass area through a sampling shovel, exploring the range of roots and stems, then ensuring that the grass and the wood are divided into blocks for transportation in a turf-shaped structure under the condition of reducing the damage of the roots and the stems as much as possible in the seedling lifting process, applying water to keep the activity of the grass and wood area, and applying water to keep the root water storage state through keeping the root and stem soil balls of shrubs if the grass and wood area is small shrubs, thereby facilitating transportation and transplantation.

As a further scheme of the present invention, drainage ditches are transversely and parallelly arranged on the terrains of the trapezoidal slope-shaped structure in S1, and water collection ditches are arranged on the two sides of the terrains of the trapezoidal slope-shaped structure, which are perpendicular to the drainage ditches.

As a further scheme of the invention, the tree pit dug in the S3 is larger than 30-40cm outside the soil-attached area of the grass and wood rootstock, the pit depth is 3/4 of the pit diameter, the inner wall of the tree pit is rough, the tree pit is provided with vertical straight rectangular holes, and the bottom of the hole is flat.

As a further aspect of the present invention, the grass seeds or seeds in S4 are placed by referring to their survival rate, and the number of applied grass seeds or seeds = pit area/survival rate.

As a further scheme of the invention, in the S6, in the seedling lifting process, the surface soil is 35cm remained on the lower layer of the vegetation in the turf-like structure, and the external diameter of the shrub rhizome soil ball of the small shrub is 25-30 cm.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: this afforestation grass and tree cultivation has consulted nursery stock planting's method, the mode of seeding has been combined, improve survival rate and turf intensity through calculating the seeding volume, the science improves the grass seed survival rate, wherein be trapezoidal slope form soil after the plastic, utilize the gradient to make irrigation water distribute and be trapezoidal and form the surface runoff, then utilize the escape canal drainage to assemble, the degree of consistency and the seedbed moisture that directly influence the emergence of seedlings are even, cooperate the problem that the seed is easily washed away when traditional surface broadcast sowing brings is replaced to basic pit structure, improve the moisture situation of seedbed unanimously, reduce the bald spot of lacking the seedling.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cultivation method of a garden greening vegetation cultivation method provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a topographic planting structure of the method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a reference table of the seeding rate of grass seeds in the method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

In the method, drainage ditches are transversely arranged in parallel in the terrain with a trapezoidal slope-shaped structure, water collecting ditches are arranged in the vertical drainage ditches on two sides of the terrain with the trapezoidal slope-shaped structure, a tree hole dug in a hole is larger than 30-40cm of the outer side of a grass tree rhizome soil-attached area, the depth of the hole is 3/4 of the hole diameter, the inner wall of the tree hole is rough, a longitudinal straight-line rectangular hole is formed, the bottom of the hole is flat and standard, surface soil is required to be left on the lower layer of grass trees when the grass trees are in a turf-shaped structure in the seedling pulling process for 35cm, and the outer diameter of shrub rhizome soil balls of.

When the cultivation is carried out, the type of the grass and the wood needs to be clearly planted, the grass seeds of the cold-season lawn need to be mastered in the northern area for sowing in two seasons of spring and autumn, the early spring means 3-4 months, the sowing is preferably finished before the middle ten days of 4 months, because the ground temperature rise is unfavorable for the germination of the grass seeds of the cold season, especially the seedlings of the bluegrass are sensitive to the temperature, the seedlings obviously sprout less at the temperature of 28-34 ℃ than 18-25 ℃, although the seedlings do not sprout at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ even if the seedlings are pretreated at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 24 hours, the seedlings can sprout at the temperature of 10 ℃ at the lowest, but generally leave soil at the temperature of 15 ℃, the 20-30 ℃ is the full germination period, but the seedlings stop sprouting and are inhibited, if the sowing operation is carried out in 5 months, a reed screen or a sunshade screen is used for shading and cooling the bed surface, the seedlings of the bluegrass seedlings which leave soil are generally in dormancy in full summer, and the leaves are difficult to, the lawn grows slowly and is easy to be attacked by diseases under high temperature and high humidity, if the lawn is sowed in early spring and grows into strong seedlings in midsummer, the lawn is beneficial to the summer maintenance, and in addition, in the 5 months, weeds such as weeds and wild vegetables (dicotyledonous weeds) are buoyed along with the sowed seedlings, so that the workload of removing the weeds is increased.

The sowing is preferably carried out in 8-9 months, the temperature and the ground temperature are suitable for the germination and growth of the cool-season grass at the moment, the local wild grass does not come out of the soil any more, the workload of removing the weeds is reduced, and the lawn can be quickly formed before the winter.

The seeding of the warm season grass in 3-4 months in the north China can be continued to 8 months due to the low ground temperature. In early summer sowing, the biggest contradiction is the competition between the unearthed grass seedlings and local weeds, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed to remove the weeds. Only the lawn of warm season type in Beijing area is planted by sowing.

Most lawn seeds are easy to germinate, especially cold-season grass seeds, and can be directly sown without germination accelerating treatment. However, for some grass seeds with difficult germination or for increasing the lawn planting rate, the seeds need to be germinated before sowing. The seeds are subjected to germination acceleration, and the germination is fast and the quality is good. The common practice is as follows:

1. cold water seed soaking method

The method is suitable for grass seeds which are easy to germinate. The seeds can be soaked in cold water for several hours before sowing, then fished out and dried, and then sowed immediately, so that the dried seeds absorb moisture, and thus, the seedlings are easy to emerge after sowing. The method comprises the steps of putting seeds into a woven bag and brewing with tap water. Spreading for drying after 3-4 days, and sowing with sand.

2. Sand accumulation germination accelerating method

The method is suitable for grass seeds with difficult germination, such as zoysia japonica seeds. The seeds can be put into a cloth bag, soaked in cold water for about 48 or 72 hours, and then covered with wet river sand of 8cm at the upper opening of a wooden box. Moving to outdoor and covering with straw screen, moving to indoor after 5 days (indoor temperature is controlled at about 24 deg.C). The sand in the wooden box keeps certain humidity, and after 12-20 days of sand accumulation and germination acceleration, most zoysia japonica seeds in the wet sand begin to break or show tender buds, and then the mixed river sand can be sown together. The technical key point is that the environmental temperature must reach more than 20 ℃. The method has the practical value of shortening the soil germination time, avoiding weed competition and reducing the management amount after sowing.

3. Stacking germination method

The method is suitable for imported cold-season grass seeds, such as grass seeds of bluegrass, ryegrass, tall fescue and the like. The seeds are mixed into 5-10 times of wet river sand, stacked outdoors under full sunlight, and covered with a plastic film to prevent moisture evaporation and keep moisture properly. The stacking and germination accelerating time is generally 1-2 days, and the seeds are overturned once every day. The seeds of the grass in cold seasons can also emerge by dry sowing generally, but the emergence rate can be greatly improved by stacking and germinating.

4. Chemical germination accelerating method

The method aims at that the outer skin of individual grass seeds, such as zoysia japonica seeds, has a layer of attachments, moisture and air are not easy to enter, the grass seeds are directly sowed into the soil, and the germination rate is very low. In order to improve the germination rate, 0.5% caustic soda is generally adopted to soak for 24 hours, the mixture is rinsed and cleaned, then the mixture is soaked for 6-10 hours in clear water, and the mixture is fished out and dried, so that the seeds can be sowed.

Applying grass seeds or seeds with the number = pit area/survival rate by referring to the survival rate according to the placement of the grass seeds or seeds, wherein the sowing amount is specifically based on the following:

the seeding amount can be calculated by a mathematical formula according to the conditions and indexes such as the weight of the thousand-material, the purity, the germination rate, the seedling remaining amount per unit area and the like. Besides, artificial factors influencing the sowing process of seed emergence, moisture conditions and the like are also considered. The reference data of the seeding quantity introduced by foreign books are mostly used for mechanized seeding. Such as manual work of small area, fine seeding amount can be reduced as appropriate. It should be appreciated that an excessive seeding rate may result in reduced growth quality, poor growth potential, susceptibility to diseases and pests, and a shortened lifespan of the turf grass.

Wherein the survival rate of the grass seeds or the seeds is determined by a germination rate test, wherein the germination rate test is as follows:

the data of the seed germination rate and the purity rate of the batch seeds are independently provided by a grass seed distributor, and are verified by a construction unit through a test, and the data are submitted to a supervision department for verification and record before construction, the test is carried out before lawn sowing operation, the requirements are fast and accurate, and the specific operation steps are as follows:

1. the conventional method is carried out indoors, a germination dish or a shallow basin is adopted, and the substrate can be filled with soilless substrates such as absorbent cotton, gauze, sand, vermiculite, turf and the like. Before the experiment, the quantity of vessels and substrates is small, and the substrates and containers can be disinfected at high temperature. The temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, the humidity of the substrate is 60% -70% of the saturated water quantity, and the air humidity is 80% -90%.

2. 100 grass seeds are randomly selected, uniformly spread and not contacted with each other, so as to avoid mildew and infection.

3. Four groups of repetition are carried out according to the experimental rule. And recording the germination beginning stage, the germination peak stage and the germination end stage of the seeds.

4. The final stage of germination means that the test is finished when the number of germinated seeds is less than 1% of the total number of tested seeds in 5 consecutive days, and the germination potential of the seeds can be measured in the period of germination, namely the number of germinated seeds in the peak period of the seeds, divided by the total number of tested seeds and multiplied by 100%.

5. The germination vigor reflects the quality of the seeds, and the seedlings with high germination vigor emerge quickly and orderly. The germination rate represents the total mass of batch seeds, the germination number is four groups of average numbers, and the calculation formula is as follows: germination rate = number of germinated grains ÷ total number of test × 100%.

The method can control the seed quality and determine the seeding rate in a short time. The germination rule of the grass variety is reliably mastered through a germination vigor test, and corresponding post-harvest management measures are adopted.

Referring to fig. 3, in the present invention, the reference value of the sowing quantity of grass seeds is calculated according to the above tests and survival rate by using common grass seeds such as bluegrass, tall fescue, ryegrass, purple fescue, bentgrass, zoysia japonica, bermuda grass and white clover.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. A method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees according to claim 1, wherein drainage channels are provided in parallel in the landscape of the trapezoidal slope-like structure in S1, and catchment channels are provided in the vertical drainage channels on both sides of the landscape of the trapezoidal slope-like structure.

3. A method for cultivating landscaping vegetation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tree well dug in S3 is greater than 30-40cm outside the region where the vegetation is attached with soil, the depth of the well is 3/4 of the diameter of the well, the inner wall of the tree well is rough, and the vertical straight rectangular holes are provided, and the bottom of the hole is flat.

4. A method for cultivating landscaping grass and trees according to claim 1, wherein the grass seeds or seeds in S4 are planted by referring to their survival rate, and the number of applied grass seeds or seeds = pit area/survival rate.

5. A cultivation method of landscaping vegetation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S6, in the seedling raising process, the grass is in a turf-like structure with 35cm of surface soil left under the vegetation, and the outside diameter of the shrub rhizome soil ball of the small shrub is 25-30 cm.