CN112166232B - 用于控制吊杆的运动的方法以及作业机械 - Google Patents

用于控制吊杆的运动的方法以及作业机械 Download PDF

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CN112166232B
CN112166232B CN201980027996.6A CN201980027996A CN112166232B CN 112166232 B CN112166232 B CN 112166232B CN 201980027996 A CN201980027996 A CN 201980027996A CN 112166232 B CN112166232 B CN 112166232B
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volume flow
hydraulic
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CN112166232A (zh
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C·齐门斯
F·M·布鲁格
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Putzmeister Engineering GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/02Servomotor systems with programme control derived from a store or timing device; Control devices therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/06Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs mounted for jibbing or luffing movements
    • B66C23/08Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs mounted for jibbing or luffing movements and adapted to move the loads in predetermined paths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/54Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with pneumatic or hydraulic motors, e.g. for actuating jib-cranes on tractors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2225Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
    • E02F9/2228Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2232Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
    • E02F9/2235Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • E04G21/0454Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom vibration damper mechanisms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • E04G21/0463Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/161Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
    • F15B11/165Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for adjusting the pump output or bypass in response to demand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18Control systems or devices
    • B66C13/20Control systems or devices for non-electric drives
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F11/00Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for
    • B66F11/04Lifting devices specially adapted for particular uses not otherwise provided for for movable platforms or cabins, e.g. on vehicles, permitting workmen to place themselves in any desired position for carrying out required operations
    • B66F11/044Working platforms suspended from booms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F13/00Common constructional features or accessories
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546Type of pump variable capacity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/30535In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between pressure source and directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6309Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a pressure source supply pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6306Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure
    • F15B2211/6313Electronic controllers using input signals representing a pressure the pressure being a load pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665Methods of control using electronic components
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6652Control of the pressure source, e.g. control of the swash plate angle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6653Pressure control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/665Methods of control using electronic components
    • F15B2211/6654Flow rate control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders
    • F15B2211/7107Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders the output members being mechanically linked

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制吊杆的运动的方法,其中,该吊杆借助于多个液压驱动器(2、3)移动。每个液压驱动器(2、3)被馈送以液压介质,该液压介质的压力和/或体积流量是可调整的。该方法包括以下步骤:预先限定吊杆末端的期望的运动方向和期望的速度;预测性地计算对于期望的运动方向和期望的速度所需的液压驱动器(2、3)中的每一者所需的压力和/或体积流量;随后取决于预测性地计算的压力生成供应压力(pV)和/或随后根据预测性地计算的体积流量生成供应体积流量(QV);以及随后向对于期望的运动方向和期望的速度所需的液压驱动器(2、3)馈送具有相应的馈送压力(pS1、pS2)和/或相应的馈送体积流量(QS1、QS2)的液压介质,使得吊杆末端以期望的速度沿期望的运动方向移动。

Description

用于控制吊杆的运动的方法以及作业机械
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制吊杆的运动的方法以及一种具有吊杆的作业机械。
发明内容
本发明基于提供一种用于控制吊杆的运动的方法以及一种具有吊杆的作业机械的目的,其使得对吊杆的运动的控制操作能够尽可能地最佳。
本发明通过用于控制吊杆的运动的方法以及通过被构造成实施所述方法的作业机械来实现所述目的。
根据本发明的方法用于控制吊杆的运动。吊杆借助于多个液压驱动器移动,相应的液压驱动器被馈送以液压介质,例如液压油,能够设定该液压介质的压力和/或该液压介质的体积流量。
根据本发明,首先例如借助于合适的输入装置(例如,呈操纵杆的形式)指定吊杆末端的期望的运动方向和期望的速度,而这并不初始地直接导致吊杆末端的运动。
然后,针对对于期望的运动方向和期望的速度所需的那些液压驱动器提前预测性地计算相应的所需压力和/或相应的所需体积流量。例如,能够以基于检测整个吊杆的瞬时载荷的传感器的测量值的方式以及以基于吊杆模型的方式来提前计算所需的压力和/或所需的体积流量。
在提前计算之后,以取决于预测性地计算的压力的方式生成供应压力和/或以取决于预测性地计算的体积流量的方式生成供应体积流量。
随后,向对于期望的运动方向和期望的速度而言所需的液压驱动器在相应的馈送压力和/或相应的馈送体积流量下馈送液压介质,使得吊杆末端以期望的速度沿期望的运动方向移动。
在已经进行了指定的运动或部分运动之后,例如,能够借助于常规的载荷感测调节操作再次进行馈送压力的调节。至该程度,例如参考DE 10 2005 035 981 A1的公开内容,其公开了本发明基于其上的液压回路设备布置(arrangement)。
根据一个实施例,以供应压力加载单个供应管线和/或在供应管线中引导供应体积流量,相应的馈送压力从供应压力导出和/或相应的馈送体积流量从供应体积流量导出。在此,单个泵通常对多个消耗装置(consumer)进行馈送。
根据一个实施例,供应压力的生成具有以下步骤:在相应的预测性地计算的压力下确定最高载荷压力,并且以取决于所确定的最高载荷压力的方式生成供应压力,例如使得供应压力大于或等于所确定的最高载荷压力。
根据一个实施例,液压驱动器的至少一部分是液压缸或吊杆缸。另外,液压驱动器能够形成例如液压旋转驱动器。
根据一个实施例,借助于单个可控液压泵生成供应压力和/或供应体积流量。
根据本发明的作业机械被构造成实施用于控制吊杆的运动的方法。
作业机械常规地具有吊杆,该吊杆具有能够相对于彼此移动的多个吊杆段或吊杆臂(boom arm)。
此外,作业机械具有多个液压驱动器,所述多个液压驱动器被构造成使吊杆移动,相应的液压驱动器被馈送以液压介质,能够设定该液压介质的压力和/或该液压介质的体积流量。
吊杆能够被构造为常规的所谓的铰接式吊杆,借助于该铰接式吊杆,能够连续地设定支撑吊杆的车辆和浇筑地点之间的伸臂长度(reach)和高度差。铰接式吊杆能够具有吊杆臂或吊杆段,这些吊杆臂或吊杆段以铰接的方式彼此连接并且能够绕彼此平行且相对于吊杆的竖直轴线成直角延伸的轴线枢转。借助于液压驱动器,能够以浇筑地点和车辆位置之间的不同的距离和/或高度差展开吊杆或铰接式吊杆。
此外,作业机械具有设定装置(例如,呈操纵杆的形式),借助于该设定装置,能够指定吊杆末端的期望的运动方向和期望的速度。例如,操纵杆能够沿期望的运动方向偏转,偏转的程度确定期望的运动速度。
此外,作业机械具有计算单元(例如,呈处理器的形式)以及相关联的程序和主存储器,该计算单元被构造成针对对于期望的运动方向和期望的速度所需的那些液压驱动器预测性地计算相应的所需压力和/或相应的所需体积流量。
此外,作业机械具有压力生成装置和/或体积流量生成装置,所述压力生成装置和/或体积流量生成装置被构造成在预测性计算之后以取决于预测性地计算的压力的方式生成供应压力和/或以取决于预测性地计算的体积流量的方式生成供应体积流量。
能够例如通过适当地设定液压泵的枢转角度来生成所需的供应体积流量,该适当的枢转角度以基于马达旋转速度、传动比和最大位移的方式来计算。对于短暂的持续时间(在此期间,尚不需要供应体积流量(在打开消耗装置阀之前)),过量的体积流量通常经由泵的泄压阀流走。
例如,能够借助于液压泵的压力调节器通过对应的设定点值说明来生成所需的供应压力。
此外,作业机械具有馈送装置,该馈送装置被构造成带来对于期望的运动方向和期望的速度而言所需的液压驱动器的后续馈送,该后续馈送在相应的馈送压力和/或相应的馈送体积流量下馈送液压介质,使得吊杆末端以期望的速度沿期望的运动方向移动。
根据一个实施例,作业机械是移动式起重机或高空作业平台。
根据一个实施例,作业机械是自动混凝土泵。
在吊杆的操作与液压驱动器和单个液压泵耦合操作的情况下,由于所需的压力积聚,具有较低载荷的液压缸比具有较高载荷的液压缸反应更早。结果,对于操作者产生不利,例如,吊杆末端的轨迹变得更不精确或能够引起吊杆振动。
根据本发明,提前计算的液压驱动器或吊杆末端的运动能够被用于甚至恰好在压力要求或体积流量要求之前使压力生成装置或体积流量生成装置(例如,呈吊杆泵的形式)预测性地适应于计算地检测到的要求并且例如根据需要转出吊杆泵。结果,取消了对经受低载荷的消耗装置的偏好,这对于使用者而言不仅导致了轨迹的改善,而且在吊杆检查的情况下还促进了对调节参数的设定。
借助于本发明,例如在预测性泵调节操作的基础上,已经能够在打开液压驱动器的馈送阀之前提供增加的压力需求和/或体积流量需求,这样的结果是,能够避免延迟的压力积聚的系统性缺点以及经受低载荷的消耗装置的相关联的偏好。
附图说明
在以下文字中,将参考附图详细地描述本发明,在附图中,以图解的方式:
图1示出了呈自动混凝土泵的形式的作业机械的侧视图,其中铰接式吊杆处于工作位置中,以及
图2示出了图1中所示的作业机械的控制器和液压回路的电路框图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了呈自动混凝土泵的形式的作业机械100的图解侧视图,其中(铰接式)吊杆1处于工作位置中。吊杆1常规地形成用于液态混凝土的布料吊杆。
以本身已知的方式,吊杆1具有五个吊杆段或吊杆臂,这些吊杆段或吊杆臂以铰接的方式彼此连接并且能够绕彼此平行且相对于吊杆1的竖直轴线成直角地延伸的轴线枢转。能够借助于呈液压缸的形式的液压驱动器2至6来展开或折叠吊杆1。至该程度,也参考相关的专题文献。
为了简单起见,附图将液压缸2至6示为单作用液压缸。然而,实际上,双作用液压缸通常用于吊杆臂的致动。
此外,除了液压驱动器2至6之外,还提供液压旋转驱动器17,借助于该液压旋转驱动器,吊杆1能够常规地绕竖直轴线旋转。
液压驱动器2至6和17常规地被馈送以液压介质,能够设定该液压介质的压力和/或该液压介质的体积流量。
吊杆1具有吊杆末端7,在该吊杆末端7上布置有端部软管16,在操作期间能够从该端部软管排放液态混凝土。至该程度,也参考相关的专题文献。
图2图解地示出图1中所示的作业机械100的控制器和液压回路的电路框图。
出于更简单的图示的原因,在液压回路中通过示例仅来自图1的液压驱动器2和3被示为消耗装置。不言而喻,液压驱动器3至6和17能够被或者被以对应的方式馈送。
此外,能够存在另外的部件,例如消耗装置阀、泄压阀等,然而,这些部件对于本发明的原理的描述而言不是必要的。至该程度,也参考相关的专题文献或现有技术,例如呈DE10 2005 035 981 A1的形式。
液压回路具有呈马达操作的液压泵9的形式的单个压力生成装置或体积流量生成装置9,该单个压力生成装置或体积流量生成装置将液压油从罐19输送到馈送管线或供应管线8中。提供可枢转的调整构件18以借助于液压泵9设定被输送到供应管线8中的体积流量。
供应管线8分支成到液压驱动器2和3的两条馈送管线,阀12和可致动的比例阀13布置在液压消耗装置2和供应管线8之间的路径中,并且阀14和可致动的比例阀15相应地布置在液压消耗装置3和供应管线8之间的路径中。
阀12和14带来在比例阀13和15处下降的压力近似恒定,其结果是,通过比例阀13和15的体积流量大致取决于比例阀13和15的开口横截面。元件12至15形成馈送装置。
压力传感器20和21检测液压驱动器2和3中的液压压力。
此外,提供任选的压力传感器22,其测量借助于液压泵9生成的供应压力pV。
作业机械的控制器具有计算单元11。计算单元11连接到压力传感器20、21和22,并且评估由压力传感器20、21和22供应的传感器信号。计算单元11致动比例阀13和15以及调整构件18。
此外,作业机械100的控制器具有设定装置10,该设定装置10操作性地连接到计算单元11。设定装置10例如能够被构造为控制杆,其能够例如用对计算单元11的控制信号的输出沿三个主要致动方向被调整。能够借助于设定装置10指定吊杆末端7的期望的运动方向R和期望的速度v。
根据本发明,计算单元11被构造成针对对于期望的运动方向R和期望的速度v所需的那些液压驱动器2至6预测性地计算相应的所需压力或压力梯度和/或相应的所需体积流量或体积流量梯度。
在预测性地计算压力和/或体积流量之后,计算单元11致动调整构件18,使得以取决于预测性地计算的压力的方式适当地生成供应压力pV,和/或以取决于预测性地计算的体积流量的方式适当地生成供应体积流量QV。
随后,计算单元致动比例阀13和15,使得向对于期望的运动方向R和期望的速度v所需的液压驱动器(在此为2和3,作为示例)分别在相应的馈送压力pS1和pS2和/或分别在相应的馈送体积流量QS1和QS2下供应液压介质,使得吊杆末端7以期望的速度v沿期望的运动方向R移动。
在计算单元11中确定必要的供应压力pV的情况下,能够确定在相应的预测性地计算的压力下的最高载荷压力,供应压力pV以取决于所确定的最高载荷压力的方式生成。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于控制吊杆(1)的运动的方法,所述吊杆(1)借助于多个液压驱动器(2至6、17)移动,相应的液压驱动器(2至6、17)被馈送以液压介质,能够设定所述液压介质的压力和/或所述液压介质的体积流量,所述方法具有以下步骤:
- 指定吊杆末端(7)的期望的运动方向(R)和期望的速度(v),
- 针对对于所述期望的运动方向(R)和所述期望的速度(v)所需的那些液压驱动器(2至6、17),预测性地计算相应的所需压力和/或相应的所需体积流量,
- 随后以取决于预测性地计算的压力的方式生成供应压力(pV)和/或随后以取决于所述预测性地计算的体积流量的方式生成供应体积流量(QV),以及
- 随后,向对于所述期望的运动方向(R)和所述期望的速度(v)所需的液压驱动器(2至6、17)在相应的馈送压力(pS1、pS2)和/或相应的馈送体积流量(QS1、QS2)下馈送所述液压介质,使得所述吊杆末端(7)以所述期望的速度(v)沿所述期望的运动方向(R)移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 以所述供应压力(pV)加载供应管线(8)和/或在所述供应管线(8)中引导所述供应体积流量(QV),
- 相应的馈送压力(pS1、pS2)从所述供应压力(pV)导出和/或相应的馈送体积流量(QS1、QS2)从所述供应体积流量(QV)导出。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 所述供应压力(pV)的生成具有以下步骤:
- 确定在相应的预测性地计算的压力下的最高载荷压力,并且以取决于所确定的最高载荷压力的方式生成所述供应压力(pV)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 所述液压驱动器(2至6)的至少一部分是液压缸。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 借助于单个液压泵(9)生成所述供应压力(pV)和/或所述供应体积流量(QV)。
6.一种作业机械(100),其被构造成实施根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,所述作业机械具有:
- 吊杆(1),
- 多个液压驱动器(2至6、17),其被构造成使所述吊杆(1)移动,相应的液压驱动器(2至6、17)被馈送以液压介质,能够设定所述液压介质的压力和/或所述液压介质的体积流量,
- 设定装置(10),借助于所述设定装置,能够指定吊杆末端(7)的期望的运动方向(R)和期望的速度(v),
- 计算单元(11),其被构造成针对对于所述期望的运动方向(R)和所述期望的速度(v)所需的那些液压驱动器(2至6、17)预测性地计算相应的所需压力和/或相应的所需体积流量,
- 压力生成装置(9)和/或体积流量生成装置,其被构造成在预测性计算之后,以取决于预测性地计算的压力的方式生成供应压力(pV)和/或以取决于预测性地计算的体积流量的方式生成供应体积流量(QV),以及
- 馈送装置(12、13、14、15),其被构造成带来随后向对于所述期望的运动方向(R)和所述期望的速度(v)所需的所述液压驱动器(2至6、17)在相应的馈送压力(pS1、pS2)和/或相应的馈送体积流量(QS1、QS2)下馈送所述液压介质,使得所述吊杆末端(7)以所述期望的速度(v)沿所述期望的运动方向(R)移动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的作业机械,其特征在于,
- 所述作业机械(100)是移动式起重机或高空作业平台。
8.根据权利要求6所述的作业机械,其特征在于,
- 所述作业机械(100)是自动混凝土泵。
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