CN112159602A - 一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料 - Google Patents

一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料 Download PDF

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CN112159602A
CN112159602A CN202010918783.7A CN202010918783A CN112159602A CN 112159602 A CN112159602 A CN 112159602A CN 202010918783 A CN202010918783 A CN 202010918783A CN 112159602 A CN112159602 A CN 112159602A
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方举
段启松
刘祖俊
束沛沛
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,本发明属于涂料技术领域,该涂料其包括以下组分:碳酸二乙酯,三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯、聚醚多元醇、纳米二氧化硅,芳香族异氰酸酯和功能性的单体,其制备方法通过将三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯、聚醚多元醇和纳米二氧化硅高温真空脱水,再降温加入功能性单体和芳香族的异氰酸酯,再升温以相互溶解,再加入催化剂和碳酸二乙酯溶解,并脱泡后得到防火绝缘涂料。本发明所得的涂料不可燃,机械性能优异,黏附性能好,同时由于二硫代酯结构的引入,其可在一定温度下反复实现自修复,可延长聚合物材料的使用寿命。

Description

一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料
技术领域
本发明属于涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料。
背景技术
在可燃物上涂覆型防火涂料是目前最好的防火手段,在着火时候,涂覆防火涂料可以达到延长可燃物耐燃时间,减缓火势蔓延的目的,以便有足够的时间进行扑救,尽可能减少火灾造成的损失。但是涂层材料在使用过程中由于受到热、机械、紫外辐照和化学等外界因素的影响,在其内部产生很难或者无法快速检测到的微裂纹或者缺陷,随着裂纹或者缺陷的扩展,涂层材料的机械强度显著的劣化,从而降低材料的基本性能和使用寿命,并显著降低其安全系数,增加维护与更换成本。如果涂层材料在受到微小的破坏时,能够快速的自我修复并恢复损坏前的性能,这将增加其耐久性及安全性,并显著降低材料的使用成本。因此在一些重要工程领域中,自修复技术具有巨大的发展潜力和应用价值,中国专利(CN104356338A)公开了一种含2–脲基–4[1H]–嘧啶酮(UPy)的自修 复聚氨酯涂层,利用聚氨酯分子链上UPy形成的四重氢键对温度的敏感性,可在升温和降温 过程中实现四重氢键的断裂和重组,从而实现含UPy聚氨酯的自修复。CN105176063A公开了一种热可逆自修复聚氨酯膜及其制备方法,其热可逆自修复导氨酯膜具有优异的热稳定性,源于聚氨酯膜的独特结构,本领域技术人员亟待开发出一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料以满足现有的应用市场和性能需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决防火涂料在使用过程中由于外界因素的影响,在其内部产生很难或者无法快速检测到的微裂纹或者缺陷,严重影响其防护作用的问题,提供一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明的自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,按重量份计,包括如下组分:聚醚多元醇20~60份,三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯10~55份,纳米二氧化硅30~50份,功能性单体3-10份,芳香族异氰酸酯 10~25份,碳酸二乙酯 10-15份,催化剂0.05~0.25份。
所述的芳香族异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种或两种以上混合物。
所述聚醚多元醇为丙二醇基聚醚多元醇、甘油基聚醚多元醇中的任一种或两种以上混合物。
所述功能性单体为含二硫代酯结构的有机物,其结构式如式(1)所示。
Figure 443153DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
式(1)中, R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的选自 (CH2)n、(CH2O)m 或苯环;m、n各自独立选自1~8之间的整数。
所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、N,N-二甲基环己胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、三亚乙基二胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
所述自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其制备包括以下步骤:
(1)在105~125℃、真空度为0.086-0.090MPa的条件下对三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯、聚醚多元醇和纳米二氧化硅进行脱水,脱水时间控制在1.5~3.0h;
(2)降温至70~90℃,向反应器中加入相应质量的功能性单体和芳香族的异氰酸酯,升温至75~95℃后保持搅拌1.5~4.0h;
(3)降温至40~70℃后,加入催化剂和碳酸二乙酯,搅拌10min~25min;
(4)-0.08~-0.05MPa负压下脱泡5min~15min,得到所述防火涂料。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明公开的自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料是通过双硫键的可逆交换反应实现的,双硫键中两个硫原子之间的化学键发生断裂,随后不同双硫键中的硫原子相互连接,形成新的化学键,因为双硫键具有与相同或者不同的硫原子重组化学键的性能,双硫键可以在体系中多次断裂和重组。通过这种自修复方式,聚合物可以实现模量、拉伸强度等力学性能的修复,通过分子设计在涂料中引入到动态的二硫键结构,所得的防火涂料可以通过二硫键的交换实现缺陷的反复自修复,极大的提高了涂层的耐久性,涂料不可燃,机械性能优异,黏附性能好,同时由于二硫代酯结构的引入,其可在一定温度下反复实现自修复,可延长聚合物材料的使用寿命。
本发明相比现有技术,具有如下优点:
本发明原料来源广泛,具有优越的自修复性能,能够修复防水涂膜微小裂纹、同时具备拉伸强度高、柔韧性好、与基层粘结牢固的特点,通过分子设计在涂料中引入到动态的二硫键结构,所得的防火涂料可以通过二硫键的交换实现缺陷的反复自修复,极大的提高了涂层的耐久性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯10份、丙二醇基聚醚多元醇15份、甘油基聚醚多元醇15份和纳米二氧化硅30份加入反应器中,在110℃、真空度为0.090MPa的条件进行脱水,脱水时间控制在2h;脱水结束后降温至70℃,向反应器中加入含二硫代酯结构的功能性单体5份和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 10份,升温至75℃后保持搅拌2h;反应结束后降温至40℃后,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1份和碳酸二乙酯 10份,搅拌15min。负压下脱泡15min,得到所述防火涂料。将防火涂料装入密封罐内,待冷却室温后涂膜测试性能。其拉伸强度为5.8MPa,断裂应变为740%。将上述样品切断,断面紧密接触后室温修复24小时,修复后的样品拉伸强度为4.3 MPa,断裂应变为570%。将上述样品切断,断面紧密接触后80℃复24小时,修复后的样品拉伸强度为5.7 MPa,断裂应变为720%(GB/T 1040.3-2006,2型试样,100mm/min)。根据GB/T8626-2007方法测试,将本发明实施例1所得到的防火涂料边缘点火15s不被引燃,并且在点火1min也不会被引燃,且在燃烧测试过程中,脱离试样并继续燃烧的材料不能把下方的滤纸引燃,甘油基聚醚多元醇购自山东联创新材料的LCG-305,纳米二氧化硅江苏天行新材料有限公司的TSP-F90,丙二醇基聚醚多元醇为购自日本曹达NissopolyolPPG-3000,含二硫代酯结构的功能性单体为式(4)
Figure 409841DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
实施例2
将三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯15份、丙二醇基聚醚多元醇15份、甘油基聚醚多元醇15份和纳米二氧化硅30份加入反应器中,在110℃、真空度为0.086MPa的条件进行脱水,脱水时间控制在2h;脱水结束后降温至70℃,向反应器中加入含二硫代酯结构的功能性单体10份和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 15份,升温至75℃后保持搅拌2h;反应结束后降温至40℃后,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1份和碳酸二乙酯 12份,搅拌15min。-0.08MPa负压下脱泡15min,得到所述防火涂料。将防火涂料装入密封罐内,待冷却室温后涂膜测试性能。其拉伸强度为7.9MPa,断裂应变为620%。将上述样品切断,断面紧密接触后室温修复24小时,修复后的样品拉伸强度为3.7 MPa,断裂应变为400%。将上述样品切断,断面紧密接触后80℃复24小时,修复后的样品拉伸强度为6.5 MPa,断裂应变为510%(GB/T 1040.3-2006,2型试样,100mm/min)。根据GB/T8626-2007方法测试,将本发明实施例1所得到的防火涂料边缘点火15s不被引燃,并且在点火1min也不会被引燃,且在燃烧测试过程中,脱离试样并继续燃烧的材料不能把下方的滤纸引燃,甘油基聚醚多元醇购自山东联创新材料的LCG-450,纳米二氧化硅江苏天行新材料有限公司的TSP-C05,丙二醇基聚醚多元醇为PPG-3000购自广东中联邦精细化工有限公司,含二硫代酯结构的功能性单体为式(4)
Figure 742733DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
实施例3
将三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯30份、丙二醇基聚醚多元醇15份、甘油基聚醚多元醇25份和纳米二氧化硅30份加入反应器中,在110℃、真空度为0.090MPa的条件进行脱水,脱水时间控制在2h;脱水结束后降温至70℃,向反应器中加入含二硫代酯结构的功能性单体10份和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 20份,升温至75℃后保持搅拌2h;反应结束后降温至40℃后,加入二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1份和碳酸二乙酯 15份,搅拌15min,-0.08MPa负压下脱泡15min,得到所述防火涂料。将防火涂料装入密封罐内,待冷却室温后涂膜测试性能,其拉伸强度为9.6MPa,断裂应变为420%。将上述样品切断,断面紧密接触后室温修复24小时,修复后的样品拉伸强度为3.2 MPa,断裂应变为270%。将上述样品切断,断面紧密接触后80℃复24小时,修复后的样品拉伸强度为8.3 MPa,断裂应变为350%(GB/T 1040.3-2006,2型试样,100mm/min)。根据GB/T8626-2007方法测试,将本发明实施例1所得到的防火涂料边缘点火15s不被引燃,并且在点火1min也不会被引燃,且在燃烧测试过程中,脱离试样并继续燃烧的材料不能把下方的滤纸引燃,甘油基聚醚多元醇购自山东联创新材料的LCG-750,纳米二氧化硅江苏天行新材料有限公司的TSP-H10,丙二醇基聚醚多元醇为PPG-3000,含二硫代酯结构的功能性单体为式(4)
Figure 557105DEST_PATH_IMAGE008

Claims (6)

1.一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,按重量份计,包括如下组分:聚醚多元醇20~60份,三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯10~55份,纳米二氧化硅30~50份,功能性单体3~10份,芳香族异氰酸酯 10~25份,碳酸二乙酯 10~15份,催化剂0.05~0.25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,所述的芳香族异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯中的任一种或两种以上混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,所述聚醚多元醇为丙二醇基聚醚多元醇、甘油基聚醚多元醇中的任一种或两种以上混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,所述功能性单体为含二硫代酯结构的有机物,结构式如式(1)所示。
Figure 54806DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
式(1)中, R1、R2、R3、R4各自独立的选自 (CH2)n、(CH2O)m 或苯环; m、n各自独立选自1~8之间的整数。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,所述催化剂为辛酸亚锡、N,N-二甲基环己胺、二月桂酸二丁基锡、三亚乙基二胺中的一种或几种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料,其特征在于,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在105~125℃、真空度为0.086~0.090MPa的条件下对三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯、聚醚多元醇和纳米硅进行脱水,脱水时间控制在1.5~3.0h;
(2)降温至70~90℃,向反应器中加入相应质量的功能性单体和芳香族的异氰酸酯,升温至75~95℃后保持搅拌1.5~4.0h;
(3)降温至40~70℃后,加入催化剂和碳酸二乙酯,搅拌10min~25min;
(4)-0.08~-0.05MPa负压下脱泡5min~15min,得到所述防火涂料。
CN202010918783.7A 2020-09-04 2020-09-04 一种自修复聚氨酯防火绝缘涂料 Pending CN112159602A (zh)

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