CN112142770B - 一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物及其制备方法,通过将手性液晶单体、向列液晶单体、荧光分子和聚甲基含氢硅氧烷接枝共聚构筑具有全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,结构如式I所示。该Janus齐聚物在升温和降温过程中均可实现全光谱选择反射,具有高度的可逆性和准确性;在紫外光激发下,该Janus齐聚物可发射荧光,当温度由室温升高至该Janus齐聚物的热分解温度时,荧光强度单调降低,且荧光强度随温度的变化仍然具有高度的可逆性。本发明制备的Janus齐聚物具有动态可逆的全光谱选择反射和光致发光的双重特性,在防伪领域具有广阔的应用前景,且制备路线短,操作安全简单,反应条件温和。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物及其制备方法,属于光学材料技术领域。
背景技术
假冒已经成为一个全球性的问题,在所有消费品、医疗产品甚至军事应用中的电子组件都存在许多假冒产品,极大地影响了我们的日常生活和经济的发展。防伪技术已在钞票、文凭、证书、珠宝、药品和电子产品中得到广泛应用。
手性向列液晶的结构具有可调谐性,通过改变手性向列液晶的螺距以及折射率等条件,手性向列液晶在不同的条件作用下会发生颜色变化,使其在感应防伪领域具有很大的应用价值,如溶剂感应颜色防伪、湿度感应颜色防伪、温度感应颜色防伪、压力感应颜色防伪等,引起了人们的广泛关注。然而,上述基于手性液晶的颜色防伪属于单机制防伪,且用于防伪的感应颜色差异小,仍然具有被仿冒者复制的风险,高安全性和复杂性的防伪技术是防伪领域的迫切需求。
Janus为罗马神话中的“两面神”,Janus齐聚物指在分子结构中引入两种功能单元使其具有两种性质的齐聚物。目前还没有Janus齐聚物用作防伪材料的文献或研究报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,具有双重防伪机制,可用于防伪领域。
本发明的目的之二是提供上述全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备方法,工艺简单。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,其具有手性介晶结构、棒状介晶结构和发光基团的侧链,结构如式I所示:
式I中,x+y+z为3~5,其中x的取值为0<x<1,y的取值为0<y<4,z的取值为为0<z<1,x:y:z=5:21.5:1,m,n,k为1~11的整数;
M表示式Ⅱ中所示手性介晶基元中的一种:
N表示式Ⅲ中所示棒状介晶基元中的一种:
式Ⅲ中R1表示酰胺基、酯基中的一种,也可以没有;R2表示氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基中的一种;R3表示氢、氟、氯、溴、甲基、乙基中的一种;
L表示氧、氮、酯基中的一种,也可以没有;
P表示式IV中所示带有刚性苯环发光基团中的一种:
本发明还提供上述全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取含双键与手性介晶基元的液晶单体1、含双键与向列棒状介晶基元的液晶单体2、含双键和刚性苯环发光基团的发光单体3、聚甲基含氢硅氧烷:
液晶单体1结构式如式Ⅴ:
式Ⅴ中,m为1~11的整数;M表示式Ⅱ中所示手性介晶基元中的一种;
液晶单体2结构式如式Ⅵ:
式Ⅵ中,n为1~11的整数;N表示式Ⅲ中所示向列棒状介晶基元中的一种;
发光单体3结构式如式Ⅶ:
式Ⅶ中,k为1~11的整数;L表示氧、氮、酯基中的一种,也可以没有;P表示式IV中所示带有刚性苯环发光基团中的一种;
聚甲基含氢硅氧烷的结构式如式Ⅷ:
式Ⅷ中,a为3~5的整数;
(2)将液晶单体1、液晶单体2、发光单体3与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷溶于有机溶剂中,其中液晶单体1、液晶单体2、发光单体3与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷的摩尔比为5:21.5:1:5.5~9,加入催化剂,在25~80℃的条件下进行接枝共聚反应直到硅氢键消失;反应结束后,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,经洗涤、过滤、真空干燥,得到一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的有机溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯或四氢呋喃中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的催化剂为铂、锂、锑及其酸或有机盐类中的一种或两种以上的组合物,催化剂加入量为反应物总质量的0.05%~5%。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述的洗涤方式为采用甲醇或乙醇超声洗涤。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过引入手性介晶基元、向列棒状介晶基元、发光基团及调节手性液晶的含量,构筑了具有全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,即:该Janus齐聚物在升温和降温过程中均可实现全光谱选择反射,具有高度的可逆性和准确性;在紫外光激发下,该Janus齐聚物可发射荧光,当温度由室温升高至该Janus齐聚物的热分解温度时,荧光强度单调降低,且荧光强度随温度的变化仍然具有高度的可逆性,提高了信息的安全性和防伪的先进性。本发明的制备路线短,操作安全简单,反应条件温和,产率高,易于工业化生产。本发明提供的Janus齐聚物具有双重防伪机制,为多机制防伪提供了全新的智能光学材料,为多机制防伪材料的构筑提供了实施方法。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制得的发光单体3的1HNMR图。
图2是实施例1制得的Janus齐聚物的红外光谱(a)、差示扫描量热分析(b)、X射线衍射谱图(c)、POM织构(d)、热重分析(e)、荧光光谱(f)与荧光寿命谱图(g)。
图3是温度调控实施例1制得的Janus齐聚物实现全光谱选择反射的谱图与对应温度下的反射照片。
图4是实施例1制得的Janus齐聚物在紫外光激发下不同温度的荧光谱图。
图5实施例1制得的Janus齐聚物在紫外光激发下,相对荧光强度与温度的线性拟合关系及温控相对荧光强度的灵敏度曲线。
图6是实施例1制得的Janus齐聚物制备成字母版和校徽版防伪标识在不同温度下的全光谱选择反射,图6a是升温过程的选择反射,图6b是降温过程的选择反射。
图7是实施例1制得的Janus齐聚物制备成字母版和校徽版防伪标识在紫外光激发下,不同温度时的荧光图片。
图8是实施例2制得的Janus齐聚物的红外光谱图。
图9是实施例3制得的Janus齐聚物的红外光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
以下实施例中,如无特殊说明,所使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品,纯度为分析纯及以上。
实施例1
一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,其结构式如下式所示:
制备方法如下:
(1)原料:十一烯酰氯,芘甲醇,三乙胺,甲醇,乙醇,四氢呋喃,含双键与手性介晶基元的手性液晶单体1:4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯(根据CN109021981A公开的技术方案制备得到),含双键与棒状介晶基元的液晶单体2:3,4-二氟苯基双环己基丁烯,聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS):活性氢个数约4个,催化剂:六氯合铂酸。
(2)含双键的发光单体3的制备:
称取芘甲醇(1.5g,6.46mmol)溶于15mL四氢呋喃中,将此溶液转移入100mL单口烧瓶中,加入少量的三乙胺作为吸酸剂,称取十一烯酰氯(1.31g,6.46mmol)溶于10mL四氢呋喃中,于常温条件缓慢滴加至上述反应溶液中,常温搅拌反应12h后,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到粗产品。将粗产品用乙醇重结晶,即得到目标产物发光单体,产率73%。
(3)全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备:
将手性液晶单体1(0.1094g,0.2mmol)、向列棒状液晶单体2(0.2859g,0.86mmol)、发光单体3(0.0159g,0.04mmol)与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS)(0.1014g,0.26mmol)溶于四氢呋喃后,将其倒入50mL的三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌并加热至45℃时,加入少量(约0.2mL)催化剂六氯合铂酸的四氢呋喃溶液(Pt/THF=5/103g·ml-1),继续升温至60℃反应(24~72h)。采用红外光谱仪对反应过程进行监测,当PMHS中Si-H键在2166cm-1处的伸缩振动峰完全消失时,认定反应结束。反应液冷却至室温后旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃溶剂,倒入甲醇中超声30分钟后过滤,室温下真空干燥即得全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,产率89%。
图1是实施例1中发光单体3的1HNMR图,具体的核磁数据:1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3,δ):8.31-8.34(d,10H),8.23-8.27(t,2H),8.19-8.22(d,2H),8.10-8.13(d,2H),8.05-8.10(m,2H),5.88(s,2H),5.78-5.85(m,1H),4.98-5.04(d,1H),4.94-4.98(d,1H),2.40-2.44(t,2H),2.00-2.05(m,2H),1.65-1.69(m,2H),1.21-1.34(m,10H)。可以表明发光单体3符合分子设计。
图2是实施例1 Janus齐聚物的红外光谱(a)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)(b)、X射线衍射谱图(XRD)(c)、偏光(POM)织构(d)、热重分析(TG)(e)、荧光光谱(f)与荧光寿命谱图(g)。由图2(a)的红外光谱可知,Si-H键在2166cm-1处的吸收峰消失,表明液晶单体、发光单体与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷完成接枝共聚,实施例1 Janus齐聚物符合分子设计。图2(b)的DSC分析结果表明实施例1 Janus齐聚物的玻璃化转变温度是0.04℃,清亮点是122.93℃,液晶区间是122.89℃。图2(c)的XRD图谱可知实施例1 Janus齐聚物在2θ=18°附近出现宽的弥散峰,结合图2(d)实施例1 Janus齐聚物的Grandjean偏光织构,可以确定实施例1 Janus齐聚物为手性向列型液晶,具有布拉格选择反射的特性。图2(e)的TG分析表明实施例1 Janus齐聚物的热稳定性较好,其热分解温度(失重5%时的温度)为235.9℃。图2(f)的荧光谱图表明实施例1 Janus齐聚物在340nm的激发光激发下,能够在377nm、394nm、410nm处发射荧光,其荧光量子产率为22.66%,荧光寿命为24.97ns,荧光寿命谱图如图2(g)所示。
图3是实施例1 Janus齐聚物通过温度调节实现全光谱选择反射的谱图与对应温度下的反射照片。实施例1选择反射的谱图由海洋光学光纤光谱仪搭配Linkam THMSE-600热台进行测试得到,反射照片由佳能70D数码相机拍摄获得。当温度由70℃升高到110℃时,实施例1 Janus齐聚物的选择反射波长由617nm蓝移至472nm,对应选择反射的色彩为红、橙、黄、绿、蓝绿、蓝;且选择反射的色彩是高度可逆的,当温度由110℃降低到70℃时,实施例1 Janus齐聚物的选择反射波长由472nm红移至617nm,对应选择反射的色彩为蓝、蓝绿、绿、黄、橙、红。
图4是实施例1 Janus齐聚物在紫外光激发下,不同温度下的荧光谱图。该谱图由海洋光学光纤光谱仪搭配Linkam THMSE-600热台进行测试得到。由不同温度下的相对荧光强度可知,当温度由30℃升高至240℃时(30℃、50℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、110℃、130℃、150℃、170℃、190℃、210℃、240℃),实施例1 Janus齐聚物的相对荧光强度呈现降低趋势。
图5是实施例1 Janus齐聚物在紫外光激发下,相对荧光强度与温度的线性拟合关系(相对荧光强度用y表示,温度T用x表示)及其温控相对荧光强度的灵敏度曲线。实施例1Janus齐聚物在30℃至130℃之间的相对荧光强度与温度具有良好的线性关系,相对荧光强度y与温度x的线性关系为y=3.429-0.00824x,表明在30℃~130℃温度区间可通过温度精准、可逆调控实施例1 Janus齐聚物的荧光强度;在130℃~240℃之间由于在高温区间实施例1 Janus齐聚物的激发态主要通过无辐射跃迁的方式释放能量,使相对荧光强度较弱。将实施例1 Janus齐聚物的相对荧光强度强度定义为热敏参数Δ,根据温控相对荧光强度的灵敏度计算公式可知,该实施例1 Janus齐聚物在130℃时温控相对荧光强度的灵敏度为7.7%℃-1。
图6是实施例1 Janus齐聚物制备成字母版和校徽版防伪标识在不同温度下的全光谱选择反射图片。字母版与校徽版防伪标识通过丝网印刷技术涂覆在黑色基底上。图6a是升温过程中实施例1 Janus齐聚物防伪标识的全光谱反射图片,反射的颜色区间为红、橙、黄、绿、蓝绿、蓝;图6b是降温过程实施例1 Janus齐聚物防伪标识的全光谱反射图片,反射的颜色区间为蓝、蓝绿、绿、黄、橙、红。
图7是实施例1 Janus齐聚物制备成字母版和校徽版防伪标识在紫外光下、不同温度下的荧光图片。随着温度由30℃升高至240℃,相对荧光强度呈现降低的趋势,但在240℃时(高于实施例1 Janus齐聚物的热分解温度4.1℃)仍然具有荧光的性能,表明在高温区间(110℃以上)虽然全光谱选择反射性能消失,但荧光性能仍然存在,实施例1 Janus齐聚物可以提高防伪信息的安全性,还可应用在高温环境。
实施例2
一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,其结构式如下式所示:
制备方法如下:
(1)原料:十一烯酰氯,芘甲醇,三乙胺,甲醇,乙醇,四氢呋喃,含双键与手性介晶基元的手性液晶单体1:4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯(根据CN109021981A公开的技术方案制备得到),含双键与棒状介晶基元的液晶单体2:4-甲基苯基双环己基丁烯,聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS):活性氢个数约4个,催化剂:六氯合铂酸。
(2)含双键的发光单体3的制备:
称取芘甲醇(1.5g,6.46mmol)溶于15mL四氢呋喃中,将此溶液转移入100mL单口烧瓶中,加入少量的三乙胺作为吸酸剂,称取十一烯酰氯(1.31g,6.46mmol)溶于10mL四氢呋喃中,于常温条件缓慢滴加至上述反应溶液中,常温搅拌反应12h后,过滤,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得到粗产品。将粗产品用乙醇重结晶,即可得到目标产物发光单体,产率73%。
(3)全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备:
将手性液晶单体1(0.1094g,0.2mmol)、向列棒状液晶单体2(0.2833g,0.86mmol)、发光单体3(0.0159g,0.04mmol)与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS)(0.1014g,0.26mmol)溶于四氢呋喃后,将其倒入50mL的三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌并加热至45℃时,加入少量(约0.2ml)催化剂六氯合铂酸的四氢呋喃溶液(Pt/THF=5/103g·ml-1),继续升温至60℃反应(24~72h)。采用红外光谱仪对反应过程进行监测,当PMHS中Si-H键在2166cm-1处的伸缩振动峰完全消失时,认定反应结束。反应液冷却至室温后旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃溶剂,倒入乙醇中超声30分钟后过滤,室温下真空干燥即得全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,产率84%。
图8是实施例2 Janus齐聚物的红外光谱。由图8的红外光谱可知,Si-H键在2166cm-1处的吸收峰消失,表明液晶单体、发光单体与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷完成接枝共聚。
实施例3
一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,其结构式如下式所示:
制备方法如下:
(1)原料:甲醇,乙醇,四氢呋喃,含双键与手性介晶基元的手性液晶单体1:4-烯丙氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯(根据CN109021981A公开的技术方案制备得到),含双键与棒状介晶基元的液晶单体2:3,4-二氟苯基双环己基丁烯,含双键与刚性苯环发光单体3:十一烯酰氧基苯并菲,聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS):活性氢个数约4个,催化剂:六氯合铂酸。
(2)全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备:
将手性液晶单体1(0.1094g,0.2mmol)、向列棒状液晶单体2(0.2859g,0.86mmol)、发光单体3(0.0164g,0.04mmol)与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷(PMHS)(0.1014g,0.26mmol)溶于四氢呋喃后,将其倒入50mL的三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌并加热至45℃时,加入少量(约0.2ml)催化剂六氯合铂酸的四氢呋喃溶液(Pt/THF=5/103g·ml-1),继续升温至60℃反应(24~72h)。采用红外光谱仪对反应过程进行监测,当PMHS中Si-H键在2166cm-1处的伸缩振动峰完全消失时,认定反应结束。反应液冷却至室温后旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃溶剂,倒入乙醇中超声30分钟后过滤,室温下真空干燥即得全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物,产率79%。
图9是实施例3 Janus齐聚物的红外光谱。由图9的红外光谱可知,Si-H键在2166cm-1处的吸收峰消失,表明液晶单体、发光单体与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷完成接枝共聚。
Claims (5)
2.一种权利要求1所述的全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1) 取含双键与手性介晶基元的液晶单体1、含双键与向列棒状介晶基元的液晶单体2、含双键和刚性苯环发光基团的发光单体3、聚甲基含氢硅氧烷:
液晶单体1结构式如式Ⅴ:
式Ⅴ中,m为1~11的整数;M表示式Ⅱ中所示手性介晶基元;
液晶单体2结构式如式Ⅵ:
式Ⅵ中,n为1~11的整数;N表示式Ⅲ中所示向列棒状介晶基元;
发光单体3结构式如式Ⅶ:
式Ⅶ中,k为1~11的整数;L表示酯基;P表示式IV中所示带有刚性苯环发光基团;
聚甲基含氢硅氧烷的结构式如式Ⅷ:
式Ⅷ中,a为3~5的整数;
(2)将液晶单体1、液晶单体2、发光单体3与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷溶于有机溶剂中,其中液晶单体1、液晶单体2、发光单体3与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷的摩尔比为5:21.5:1:5.5~9,加入催化剂,在25~80℃的条件下进行接枝共聚反应直到硅氢键消失;反应结束后,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,经洗涤、过滤、真空干燥,得到一种全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的有机溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯或四氢呋喃中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
4.根据权利要求2所述的全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的催化剂为铂、锂、锑及其酸或有机盐类中的一种或两种以上的组合物,催化剂加入量为反应物总质量的0.05%~5%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的全光谱选择反射和光致发光的Janus齐聚物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的洗涤方式为采用甲醇或乙醇超声洗涤。
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EP1318183A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-11 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Mono,- oligo- and polymers comprising a 2,6-azulene group and their use as charge transport materials |
CN1715309A (zh) * | 2005-07-22 | 2006-01-04 | 东北大学 | 热致前胆甾液晶聚合物及其制备方法 |
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