CN112142532A

CN112142532A - Organic carbon fertilizer and compound fertilizer with function of improving soil bioactivity and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112142532A
Application number: CN202010981369.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨佩文; 何翔; 李铭刚; 邹雪峰; 张庆; 付斌; 倪明; 朱红业; 杨明英; 杨济达; 杨群辉
Original assignee: Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Yunnan Lvzhiyuan Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-09-17
Filing date: 2020-09-17
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-17
Also published as: CN112142532B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecology, and discloses an organic carbon fertilizer with a function of improving soil bioactivity, which is characterized by comprising cow dung and pine needles, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles in dry matter is 1: 1-30. The organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention is green and environment-friendly, and can effectively improve the biological activity of soil when being applied to the soil, thereby realizing the adjustment of the carbon-nitrogen circulation balance of the soil, reducing the loss of nitrogen, and realizing the optimization management of a farmland ecosystem and the sustainable development of agriculture.

Description

Organic carbon fertilizer and compound fertilizer with function of improving soil bioactivity and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecology, in particular to an organic carbon fertilizer and a compound fertilizer with a function of improving soil bioactivity and application thereof.

Background

The nitrogen loss in farmland soil is one of important reasons for causing water eutrophication, and researches show that a carbon dam which can well block and control the nitrogen loss can be formed in the high-carbon reservoir of soil, so that the problems of water source pollution and farmland soil quality deterioration caused by the nitrogen loss can be solved. The structure of the soil microbial community and the function thereof, namely the soil biological activity, are important factors influencing the carbon-nitrogen coordination effect.

In the soil ecosystem, soil microorganisms can have important influence on a plurality of important ecosystem functions including soil carbon and nitrogen circulation, are important maintainers, contributors and soil environment sensitive indicators of soil and even the whole ecosystem substance circulation, and can be used as important indexes of farmland soil carbon and nitrogen coordination. During the nitrogen conversion process of soil microorganisms for carbon sequestration and for its synergy, carbon input alters the nitrogen kinetic conversion process by affecting changes in soil microbial community structure and function, which in turn, soil nitrogen effectively regulates the carbon source material decomposition rate and ecosystem carbon balance by affecting changes in soil microbial community structure and function. Due to human activities and industrial development, soil carbon nitrogen balance has been difficult to achieve through natural regulation, and this problem is particularly prominent in farmland soil. The traditional method for applying the chemical fertilizer not only causes damage to the environment, but also has unsatisfactory effect, and along with the annual increase of the price of the chemical fertilizer, the large amount of chemical fertilizer application also increases the economic burden of farmers and is not beneficial to the development of agricultural economy. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop an economic, efficient and environment-friendly method to improve the soil biological activity, so as to adjust the soil carbon nitrogen circulation balance, increase the fixation and utilization of soil nitrogen, reduce the nitrogen loss, treat non-point source pollution caused by agricultural activities and help the sustainable development of agriculture.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, and provides the organic carbon fertilizer with the function of improving the soil bioactivity.

In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides an organic carbon fertilizer having a function of improving soil bioactivity, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer contains cow dung and pine needles, and a weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1: 1-30.

The invention provides a compound fertilizer with the function of improving the soil biological activity, which contains an active component and an auxiliary material, wherein the active component is the organic carbon fertilizer.

In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of the organic carbon fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer as described above for improving the soil bioactivity.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a method for improving the biological activity of soil, which comprises applying the organic carbon fertilizer and/or compound fertilizer as described above to the soil.

Through the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:

(1) the composition provided by the invention takes mountain pine deciduous pine needles as a raw material, is wide in source, easy to obtain and low in price, and saves the cost of agricultural production;

(2) the composition provided by the invention utilizes functional microorganisms in soil, regulates and controls the carbon-nitrogen circulation balance of the soil by improving the biological activity of the functional microorganisms, greatly reduces the using amount of a chemical fertilizer, has the advantage of environmental safety, reduces the cost of applying the chemical fertilizer in agricultural production, and improves the economic benefit of the agricultural production;

(3) the composition provided by the invention improves the soil biological activity, increases the fixation and utilization of soil nitrogen, reduces agricultural non-point source pollution caused by nitrogen loss, and has very important practical significance for realizing optimal management and reasonable protection of a farmland ecosystem, maintaining regional ecological safety, realizing agricultural sustainable development and the like.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention will be described in detail, with the understanding that the following detailed description is to be construed as merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and is not restrictive thereof.

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

The inventor of the invention skillfully discovers that when the organic carbon raw material is applied to soil, the biological activity of the soil can be improved, so that the balance of the carbon-nitrogen cycle of the soil is realized, the treatment effect on agricultural non-point source pollution caused by nitrogen loss is good, the management of a farmland ecosystem can be optimized, and the farmland yield is improved.

The invention provides an organic carbon fertilizer with a function of improving soil bioactivity, which contains cow dung and air-dried pine needles, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1: 1-30.

Any cow dung or pine needles which can be used for preparing the organic carbon fertilizer in the prior art can be suitable for the organic carbon fertilizer provided by the invention.

In view of the development requirement of ecological cycle agriculture, comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes, convenience of the preparation process of the organic carbon fertilizer and the like, the invention also provides a preferable embodiment of the invention, wherein the cow dung is selected from fresh cow dung.

Preferably, the water content in the cow dung is 60-90 wt%.

Preferably, the cow dung has an organic carbon content of 30-60 wt% and a total nitrogen content of 1-5 wt% on a dry matter basis.

More preferably, the cow dung has an organic carbon content of 35-45 wt% and a total nitrogen content of 1-3 wt% on a dry matter basis.

In view of the difficulty of raw material collection, cost, convenience of the organic carbon fertilizer preparation process and the like, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pine needles are selected from air-dried pine needles, preferably air-dried mountain pine needles.

Any mountain pine needle may be suitable for use in the present invention, and according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pine needle is selected from naturally falling mountain pine needles. The mountain pine can be any existing mountain pine variety, and can be at least one of Yunnan pine, Pinus armandi and the like. The pine needles can be naturally air-dried pine needles or collected and automatically dried. Preferably, the moisture content in the pine needles is 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably 1 to 2 wt%.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1: 1-30, preferably 1: 5-20, more preferably 1: 5-16. For example, it may be 1: 5. 1: 5.5, 1: 6. 1: 6.5, 1: 7. 1: 7.5, 1: 8. 1: 8.5, 1: 9. 1: 9.5, 1: 10. 1: 10.5, 1: 11. 1: 11.5, 1: 12. 1: 12.5, 1: 13. 1: 13.5, 1: 14. 1: 14.5, 1: 15. 1: 15.5, 1: 16, or any intermediate value thereof.

The invention provides a compound fertilizer with the function of improving the soil bioactivity, which contains an active component and an auxiliary material, wherein the active component is the organic carbon fertilizer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cow dung is contained in an amount of 20 to 60 wt% based on the total weight of the compound fertilizer. Preferably 25 to 50 wt%.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the auxiliary materials is 1: 0.01-0.1.

Preferably, in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the auxiliary materials is 1: 0.01-0.05.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary material is a small amount of supplementary nutrient added according to different soil conditions in different areas, and can be any organic or inorganic fertilizer (preferably organic fertilizer) existing in the field. The types and the dosage of the auxiliary materials can be changed correspondingly according to different soil conditions in different areas.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the auxiliary material is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonia fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer.

Any of the organic or inorganic ammonia, phosphate and potash fertilizers available in the art can be adapted for use in the method of the present invention. For example, it may be a related commercial product, or it may be a compound fertilizer composition that is self-prepared or formulated according to the prior art. Wherein, the proportion of each component in the auxiliary materials can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

Any of the ammonia, phosphate and potash fertilizers available in the art can be suitable for use in the present invention. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the ammonia fertilizer is selected from urea and the phosphate and potash fertilizers are selected from inorganic phosphate and potash fertilizers, such as superphosphate, potassium sulfate, etc. Any of the urea, phosphate and potash fertilizers available in the art can be suitable for use in the present invention. For example, the compound fertilizer can be urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or compound fertilizer products thereof which are prepared and prepared by the prior art, and also can be related commercial products.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the method for preparing the compound fertilizer comprises: mixing the active components with adjuvants, and performing sealed composting for 30-50 days, preferably 30-45 days.

Preferably, the composting conditions include a humidity of 50-70% and a temperature of 60-75 ℃.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the compound fertilizer further comprises turning the pile during the composting process.

Preferably, the turning is performed 1-3 times during composting.

More preferably, the turning is performed every 10-15 days during composting.

In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer in improving soil biological activity (for example, improving beta-1, 4-glucosidase activity and/or beta-1, 4-acetylglucosaminidase activity, etc.).

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application may be to improve the soil biological activity by applying the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer, so as to control the soil carbon nitrogen cycle balance, manage the soil nitrogen loss, and solve the problems of environmental pollution and agricultural production efficiency reduction caused by the soil nitrogen loss.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the biological activity of soil, which comprises applying the above organic carbon fertilizer and/or the above compound fertilizer to soil.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is used in an amount of 15000 to 30000 kg-hm^-2。

Preferably, the dosage of the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is 25000-30000 kg.hm^-2。

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is applied 1 time per crop.

Preferably, the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is applied to the soil surface before the crops are planted.

More preferably, the soil is ploughed after applying the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer.

The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. It should be understood that the following examples are only intended to further illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the following examples, fresh cow dung was purchased from a cow breeding factory, and the air-dried pine needles were pine needles collected by themselves and released from mountain pine trees (such as Yunnan pine and Pinus armandii), and urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and the like were all commercially available from regular chemical company. Wherein the mass fraction of N in the urea is 46 percent, and P in the calcium superphosphate₂O₅16 percent of potassium sulfate K₂The mass fraction of O is 50%. The organic carbon content in the fresh cow dung and the pine needles is measured by a potassium dichromate external heating method, the total nitrogen content is measured by a Kjeldahl method, and the main components are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 organic carbon fertilizer Material composition

Organic carbon fertilizer material	Organic carbon (dry basis wt%)	Total nitrogen (% by weight on a dry basis)	Water (% by weight)
				Fresh cow dung	38.45	1.65	80.56
Air-dried pine needle	54.87	0.76	1.48

Example 1

500kg of fresh cow dung, 1500kg of air-dried pine needles and 20.55kg of urea are taken, then the materials are mixed and piled, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. Controlling the moisture content in the compost material to be 55 +/-5% and the temperature to be 65 +/-5 ℃ during composting. Turning the compost for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day respectively. And composting for 40 days to obtain compound fertilizer A1.

Example 2

500kg of fresh cow dung, 1000kg of air-dried pine needles and 13.55kg of urea are taken, and then the materials are mixed, piled and covered by plastic cloth after being piled. Controlling the moisture content in the compost materials to be 52 +/-5% and the temperature to be 70 +/-5 ℃ during the composting period, and turning the compost for 1 time on the 15 th day and the 30 th day of the composting respectively. And composting for 35 days to obtain compound fertilizer A2.

Example 3

500kg of fresh cow dung, 500kg of air-dried pine needles and 6.55kg of urea are taken, and then the materials are mixed and piled up, and the piled materials are tightly sealed by mud. And in the composting period, the water content in the compost materials is controlled to be 60 +/-5%, the temperature is controlled to be 65 +/-5 ℃, the compost is turned over for 1 time in the 15 th day, and the composting lasts for 30 days. Obtaining the compound fertilizer A3.

Example 4

The compound fertilizer A1 in example 1 is mixed with compound fertilizer auxiliary materials with the content of 0.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the compound fertilizer to obtain a compound fertilizer B1. The auxiliary materials of the compound fertilizer are prepared by urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of N, P, K is 8:16: 26.

Comparative example 1

The method of example 1 was followed except that the air-dried pine needles were replaced with an equal weight of fresh cow dung. Obtaining compound fertilizer D1.

Comparative example 2

According to the method of the embodiment 1, except that the fresh cow dung is replaced by the air-dried pine needles with equal weight according to the proportion of the embodiment 1. Obtaining compound fertilizer D2.

Comparative example 3

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 1770kg corn stover (dry matter content 83.45 wt%) was used in place of the air-dried pine needles. Obtaining compound fertilizer D3.

Comparative example 4

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that 1650kg of barley straw (89.54 wt% dry matter) was used to replace the air-dried pine needles. Obtaining compound fertilizer D4.

Comparative example 5

Compound fertilizer B2 was obtained according to the method of example 4 except that compound fertilizer D1 was used in place of compound fertilizer a 1.

Comparative example 6

Compound fertilizer B3 was obtained according to the method of example 4 except that compound fertilizer D2 was used in place of compound fertilizer a 1.

Comparative example 7

The procedure of example 1 was followed except that fresh cow dung was replaced with an equal weight (on a dry matter basis) of fresh pig dung (purchased from pig farms). Obtaining compound fertilizer D5. The main components of the fresh pig manure adopted in the comparative example are shown in table 2 (wherein the water content is calculated by the total weight of the fresh pig manure, and the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents are calculated by dry matters in the fresh pig manure) determined by a potassium dichromate external heating method and a Kjeldahl method.

TABLE 2 fresh pig manure composition

Test example 1

The compound fertilizers in the above examples and comparative examples were applied to the soil surface before rape planting according to the amounts in table 3, and then ploughed, with the frequency of use being 1 time per crop. Meanwhile, planting rape in a farmland applied with the compound fertilizer and not applied with the compound fertilizer, respectively taking 0-20cm soil layer soil samples according to a conventional sampling method in the rape harvest period, sampling 5 points of diagonal lines of each cell, then uniformly mixing the samples into 1 sample, removing impurities such as root systems and the like, quickly putting a part of the soil samples into a marked self-sealing bag after sieving the soil samples with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the self-sealing bag into a low-temperature incubator, taking the self-sealing bag back to a laboratory, and then dividing the self-sealing bag into 2 parts, wherein one part is used for measuring the activity of soil enzymes, and the other part is used for measuring the carbon nitrogen content. And naturally drying the other part of the soil sample, and measuring the organic matter and total nitrogen content of the soil. The content of organic matters in the soil is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate external heating method, and the content of total nitrogen in the soil is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method. The beta-1, 4-glucosidase activity and the beta-1, 4-acetylglucosaminidase activity in the soil were measured by a microplate method (produced by bioscience, ltd, ruisi, su) using a kit, and the measurement method was performed according to the kit instructions. Soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen are measured by a chloroform fumigation extraction method. The results are detailed in Table 3.

TABLE 3 test conditions and results of the effect of compound fertilizers on soil bioactivity

As can be seen from the data in table 3, the yield of oil and vegetables in the farmland in which the test soil sample No. 1 was collected was significantly increased, and the growth rate was 56.3%, compared to the farmland in which the test soil sample No. 16 was collected. Compared with the farmland which acquires the No. 16 test soil sample, the yield of the rape in the farmland which acquires the No. 3 test soil sample is increased by 89.92 percent. Compared with the farmland applying the No. 8 test soil sample with the compound fertilizer B1, the yield of the rape in the farmland is increased by 102.52 percent. In addition, in the test soil of No. 1-3 and No. 5-8, the activities of organic matters, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, beta-1, 4-glucosidase and beta-1, 4-acetylglucosaminidase are greatly improved compared with the activity of a test soil sample of No. 16 (without applying the compound fertilizer provided by the invention) and a test soil sample of No. 17 (without applying the compound fertilizer provided by the application before rape planting), which indicates that the biological activity of the soil is improved.

Although the activity of organic matter, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and beta-1, 4-glucosidase and beta-1, 4-acetylglucosaminidase in the soil tested in Nos. 2-3 and 9-15 was also improved, the increase was much less than that in the soil tested in Nos. 1-3 and 5-8, which indicates that only the compound fertilizer prepared by the preferred formulation of the present invention is applied in the preferred application amount, and the better soil bioactivity improvement effect can be achieved.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The organic carbon fertilizer with the function of improving the soil bioactivity is characterized by comprising cow dung and pine needles, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles is 1: 1-30.

2. The organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content in the cow dung is 60-90 wt%;

and/or the moisture content in the pine needles is 0.5-5 wt%;

and/or, the cow dung contains 30-60 wt% of organic carbon and 1-5 wt% of total nitrogen by dry matter;

and/or, in the pine needles, the content of organic carbon is 50-60 wt% and the content of total nitrogen is 0.6-1 wt% in terms of dry matter.

3. Organic carbon fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cow dung is selected from fresh cow dung and the pine needles are selected from air-dried pine needles, preferably air-dried mountain pine needles.

4. The organic carbon fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the weight ratio of the cow dung to the pine needles on a dry matter basis is 1: 5-20.

5. A compound fertilizer with a function of improving soil bioactivity, which is characterized by comprising an active component and an auxiliary material, wherein the active component is the organic carbon fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the content of the cow dung is 20-60 wt% based on the total weight of the compound fertilizer;

and/or in the compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of the cow dung to the auxiliary materials is 1: 0.01-0.1, preferably 1: 0.01-0.05.

7. Compound fertilizer according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the auxiliary material is selected from at least one of ammonia fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.

8. Use of the organic carbon fertilizer of any one of claims 1-4 and/or the compound fertilizer of any one of claims 5-7 for improving the biological activity of soil.

9. A method for improving the biological activity of soil, which comprises applying the organic carbon fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and/or the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 5 to 7 to soil.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is used in an amount of 15000-30000 kg-hm^-2；

And/or the application frequency of the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer is 1 time per crop;

preferably, the method further comprises: composting the organic carbon fertilizer and/or the compound fertilizer before application, wherein the composting conditions comprise: humidity of 50-70%, temperature of 60-75 deg.C, and time of 30-50 days.