CN112136633A - Cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping - Google Patents
Cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land: selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus; (2) land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, raking finely, leveling, and applying a biological organic fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate per mu along with ploughing; (3) seedling culture: selecting new codonopsis pilosula seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent and the germination potential of more than 80 percent; selecting scutellaria seeds with 75 percent of germination rate and 70 percent of germination potential; according to the method, the yield and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula are effectively improved, and the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited, so that the weeding frequency of the codonopsis pilosula is reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of the codonopsis pilosula is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine and a cultivation method thereof, in particular to a cultivation method for intercropping codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine production and plant cultivation.
Background
The Chinese medicinal material codonopsis pilosula is a perennial herb of the Campanulaceae family, is used as a medicine, is a common traditional Chinese tonifying medicine, and has the effects of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, invigorating spleen and benefiting lung.
The codonopsis pilosula is also called as Shandang, Shandong dangshen, Shandangshen, white-skin dangshen, Bingtiao and the like, and is commonly referred to as the codonopsis pilosula in the famous area, so that the codonopsis pilosula is the best quality of Shanxi changzhi (the Shanxi is called as Shandang county, the Shanxi is called as Luzhou, and the "Luzhou" of the Codonopsis pilosula is called as Luzhou, so the "Luzhou" is called as the "Shandangshen" and the "Luzhou" is called as "Luzhou"), and.
Modern researches show that radix codonopsis pilosulae contains various saccharides, phenols, sterols, volatile oil, baicalin glucoside, saponin and trace alkaloids, has the effects of enhancing immunity, dilating blood vessels, lowering blood pressure, improving microcirculation, enhancing hematopoietic function and the like, and has an effect of improving leucopenia caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
In recent years, the demand of codonopsis pilosula is gradually increased, the artificial cultivation area is also gradually increased, the traditional codonopsis pilosula artificial planting is high in cost, low in yield and low in mechanization degree, pathological changes frequently occur after planting for many years, and the quality and the yield of codonopsis pilosula cannot meet the increasing market demand.
In order to improve the yield and quality of codonopsis pilosula, more and more researches on intercropping codonopsis pilosula and other crops, such as codonopsis pilosula is involved in corn intercropping, codonopsis pilosula is involved in astragalus intercropping, codonopsis pilosula is involved in rhubarb intercropping and the like, but related researches on the intercropping of codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis are not reported in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula participating in scutellaria baicalensis intercropping, which can improve the yield and quality of codonopsis pilosula and reduce the planting cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: and selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, raking finely, leveling, and applying the bio-organic fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture: selecting new codonopsis pilosula seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent and the germination potential of more than 80 percent; the sowing time is 3 months and 15 to 4 months and 30 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 2-3 kg; the sowing mode is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, the width of a broadcast sowing ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of drill sowing is 20 cm. Uniformly stirring the seeds and fine soil or plant ash, uniformly scattering the seeds on the ground surface, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm or slightly raking the seeds by using a rake, and covering a sun-shading net or a corn stalk, wherein the distance between the sun-shading net and the ground surface is 20-25 cm; secondly, selecting scutellaria seeds with 75 percent of germination rate and 70 percent of germination vigor, sowing for 3 months and 15 days to 5 months and 30 days, sowing the seeds for each mu at a rate of 3-4 kg, sowing in a drilling mode, wherein the drilling row spacing is 20cm, and covering fine soil of 0.5-1 cm.
(4) Screening seedlings: selecting codonopsis pilosula seedlings with the diameter of 3-4 mm, the seedling length of 15-25 cm and the fresh weight of hundred seedlings of 300-350 g; the diameter of each scutellaria baicalensis seedling is 7-9 mm, the length of each seedling is 18-25 cm, and the fresh weight of each hundred seedlings is 400-450 g.
(5) Transplanting: the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching and field planting according to certain plant row spacing, furrow depth and plant spacing, ditching and field planting of scutellaria baicalensis according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 10cm, interplanting 1 row of scutellaria baicalensis in 4 rows of codonopsis pilosula, obliquely placing furrow surfaces of codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis, enabling bud heads to be upward, enabling the bud heads to be 2-3 cm away from a soil surface, and covering soil and pressing.
(6) Field management: weeding, namely immediately weeding after seedling emergence in spring, and weeding for 3 times in 5-7 months each time; secondly, fertilizing, and after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, dressing 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the seedlings are 20-30 cm high.
(7) And (3) pest control: firstly, disease control, wherein main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like; the control method comprises the steps of deeply turning over the land in autumn and killing overwintering worm eggs; applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; residual stems on the ground are cut off, and concentrated deep burying or burning is carried out, so that infection pathogens are reduced; secondly, insect pest control, mainly including underground insects; the control method is characterized in that 700-1000 times of liquid poison soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; weeding and loosening soil frequently, improving the soil temperature of the ginseng land, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing insect pests.
(8) Harvesting: after the radix codonopsitis and the scutellaria baicalensis are planted in the field, the radix codonopsitis and the scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the radix codonopsitis and the scutellaria baicalensis are harvested in about the middle and the last ten days of October, soil is shaken off from the root systems which are dug out, and the roots are transported back to be graded and dried in the sun.
Preferably, the soil previous crop in the step (1) can be potato, soybean or corn crops, and the radix codonopsis and scutellaria baicalensis cannot be continuously cultivated, and crop rotation needs to be performed in a period of 2-3 years.
Preferably, in the step (2), 1000kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30-50 kg of calcium superphosphate are used.
Preferably, the row spacing of the plants in the step (5) is 25-30 cm, the depth of the ditch is 10-15 cm, and the plant spacing is 6-8 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the astragalus and the codonopsis pilosula in the step (5) is 25-30 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the growing process of the radix scutellariae, the secondary metabolite generated at the root of the radix scutellariae can generate allelopathy on the radix codonopsis, and has promotion effects on yield increase and disease and pest control of the radix codonopsis, so that the yield and quality of the radix codonopsis are effectively improved.
2. According to the method, after the scutellaria baicalensis seedlings are transplanted and ridge-sealed, the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited, so that the weeding frequency of the codonopsis pilosula is reduced, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of the codonopsis pilosula is improved.
Detailed Description
To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, a detailed description of known functions and known components of the invention have been omitted.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1:
a cultivation method for radix codonopsis pilosulae and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land:
selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus, and selecting crops such as potatoes, soybeans, corns and the like as the previous crops; the radix codonopsis pilosulae and the radix scutellariae can not be continuously cultivated, and the crop rotation period is 2-3 years.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization:
deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, harrowing, finely harrowing, and applying 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 20kg of diammonium phosphate and 30kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture:
selecting new radix Codonopsis seed with germination rate of above 85% and germination potential of above 80% (not used in next year); the sowing time is 3 months and 15 to 4 months and 30 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 2-3 kg; the sowing mode is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, the width of a broadcast sowing ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of drill sowing is 20 cm. Uniformly stirring the seeds and fine soil or plant ash, uniformly scattering the seeds on the ground surface, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm or slightly raking the seeds by using a rake, and covering a sun-shading net or a corn stalk, wherein the distance between the sun-shading net and the ground surface is 20-25 cm.
Selecting seeds of scutellaria baicalensis with 75% of germination rate and 70% of germination vigor, sowing for 3 months and 15 days to 5 months and 30 days, wherein the mu sowing amount is 3-4 kg, the sowing mode is drilling, the drilling row spacing is 20cm, and fine soil with 0.5-1 cm is covered.
(4) Screening seedlings:
selecting radix codonopsis seedlings with the diameter of 3-4 mm, the seedling length of 15-25 cm and the fresh weight of 300-350 g; the diameter of each scutellaria baicalensis seedling is 7-9 mm, the length of each seedling is 18-25 cm, and the fresh weight of each hundred seedlings is 400-450 g.
(5) Transplanting:
the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching according to the plant-row spacing of 25cm, ditching the depth of 10-15 cm, ditching and planting according to the plant-row spacing of 6cm, ditching and planting scutellaria baicalensis according to the plant-row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 10cm, interplanting 1 row of scutellaria baicalensis in 4 rows of codonopsis pilosula, and spacing 25cm between astragalus mongholicus and codonopsis pilosula; the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are obliquely placed on the furrow surface, the buds are upward, the distance between the buds and the soil surface is 2-3 cm, and the mixture is covered with soil and pressed.
(6) Field management:
weeding: weeding is carried out immediately after seedling emergence in spring, 1 time each time in 5-7 months and 3 times each time.
Fertilizing: after transplanting and survival, applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm.
(7) And (3) pest control:
disease control: the main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply ploughing the land in autumn to kill the overwintering worm eggs; (2) applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; (3) sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; (4) the aboveground residual stems are cut off and concentrated to be buried deeply or burnt out, so that the infection pathogeny is reduced.
Pest control: mainly comprises underground insects, and the control method comprises the following steps: (1) 700-1000 times of liquid toxic soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphor missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; (2) weeding and loosening soil frequently, improving the soil temperature of the ginseng land, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing insect pests.
(8) Harvesting:
after the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are planted in the field, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are harvested in late ten days, soil is shaken off from root systems dug out, and the root systems are transported back, graded and dried in the sun.
Example 2:
a cultivation method for radix codonopsis pilosulae and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land:
selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus; the former crop can be selected from potato, soybean, corn and other crops; the radix codonopsis pilosulae and the radix scutellariae can not be continuously cultivated, and the crop rotation period is 2-3 years.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization:
deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, harrowing, finely harrowing, and applying 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 30kg of diammonium phosphate and 40kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture:
selecting new radix Codonopsis seed with germination rate of above 85% and germination potential of above 80% (not used in next year); the sowing time is 3 months and 15 to 4 months and 30 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 2-3 kg; the sowing mode is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, the width of a broadcast sowing ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of drill sowing is 20 cm; uniformly stirring the seeds and fine soil or plant ash, uniformly scattering the seeds on the ground surface, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm or slightly raking the seeds by using a rake, and covering a sun-shading net or a corn stalk, wherein the distance between the sun-shading net and the ground surface is 20-25 cm.
Selecting seeds of scutellaria baicalensis with 75% of germination rate and 70% of germination vigor, sowing for 3 months and 15 days to 5 months and 30 days, wherein the mu sowing amount is 3-4 kg, the sowing mode is drilling, the drilling row spacing is 20cm, and fine soil with 0.5-1 cm is covered.
(4) Screening seedlings:
selecting radix codonopsis seedlings with the diameter of 3-4 mm, the seedling length of 15-25 cm and the fresh weight of 300-350 g; the diameter of each scutellaria baicalensis seedling is 7-9 mm, the length of each seedling is 18-25 cm, and the fresh weight of each hundred seedlings is 400-450 g.
(5) Transplanting:
the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching according to the plant-row spacing of 30cm, ditching the depth of 10-15 cm, ditching and planting the roots at the plant spacing of 8cm, ditching and planting the scutellaria baicalensis according to the plant-row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 10cm, interplanting 1 row of scutellaria baicalensis in 4 rows of codonopsis pilosula, and spacing 30cm between the astragalus mongholicus and the codonopsis pilosula; the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are obliquely placed on the furrow surface, the buds are upward, the distance between the buds and the soil surface is 2-3 cm, and the mixture is covered with soil and pressed.
(6) Field management:
weeding: weeding is carried out immediately after seedling emergence in spring, 1 time each time in 5-7 months and 3 times each time.
Fertilizing: after transplanting and survival, applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm.
(7) And (3) pest control:
disease control: the main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply ploughing the land in autumn to kill the overwintering worm eggs; (2) applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; (3) sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; (4) the aboveground residual stems are cut off and concentrated to be buried deeply or burnt out, so that the infection pathogeny is reduced.
Pest control: mainly comprises underground insects, and the control method comprises the following steps: (1) 700-1000 times of liquid toxic soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphor missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; (2) weeding and loosening soil frequently, improving the soil temperature of the ginseng land, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing insect pests.
(8) Harvesting:
after the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are planted in the field, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are harvested in late ten days, soil is shaken off from root systems dug out, and the root systems are transported back, graded and dried in the sun.
Example 3
A cultivation method for radix codonopsis pilosulae and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land:
selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus; the former crop can be selected from potato, soybean, corn and other crops; the radix codonopsis pilosulae and the radix scutellariae can not be continuously cultivated, and the crop rotation period is 2-3 years.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization:
deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, harrowing, finely harrowing, and applying 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 30kg of diammonium phosphate and 50kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture:
selecting new radix Codonopsis seed with germination rate of above 85% and germination potential of above 80% (not used in next year); the sowing time is 3 months and 15 to 4 months and 30 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 2-3 kg; the sowing mode is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, the width of a broadcast sowing ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of drill sowing is 20 cm; uniformly stirring the seeds and fine soil or plant ash, uniformly scattering the seeds on the ground surface, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm or slightly raking the seeds by using a rake, and covering a sun-shading net or a corn stalk, wherein the distance between the sun-shading net and the ground surface is 20-25 cm.
Selecting seeds of scutellaria baicalensis with 75% of germination rate and 70% of germination vigor, sowing for 3 months and 15 days to 5 months and 30 days, wherein the mu sowing amount is 3-4 kg, the sowing mode is drilling, the drilling row spacing is 20cm, and fine soil with 0.5-1 cm is covered.
(4) Screening seedlings:
selecting radix codonopsis seedlings with the diameter of 3-4 mm, the seedling length of 15-25 cm and the fresh weight of 300-350 g; the diameter of each scutellaria baicalensis seedling is 7-9 mm, the length of each seedling is 18-25 cm, and the fresh weight of each hundred seedlings is 400-450 g.
(5) Transplanting:
the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching according to the plant-row spacing of 25cm, ditching the depth of 10-15 cm, ditching and planting the roots at the plant spacing of 8cm, ditching and planting the scutellaria baicalensis according to the plant-row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 10cm, interplanting 1 row of scutellaria baicalensis in 4 rows of codonopsis pilosula, and spacing 25cm between the astragalus mongholicus and the codonopsis pilosula; the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are obliquely placed on the furrow surface, the buds are upward, the distance between the buds and the soil surface is 2-3 cm, and the mixture is covered with soil and pressed.
(6) Field management:
weeding: weeding is carried out immediately after seedling emergence in spring, 1 time each time in 5-7 months and 3 times each time.
Fertilizing: after transplanting and survival, applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm.
(7) And (3) pest control:
disease control: the main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply ploughing the land in autumn to kill the overwintering worm eggs; (2) applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; (3) sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; (4) the aboveground residual stems are cut off and concentrated to be buried deeply or burnt out, so that the infection pathogeny is reduced.
Pest control: mainly comprises underground insects, and the control method comprises the following steps: (1) 700-1000 times of liquid toxic soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphor missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; (2) weeding and loosening soil frequently, improving the soil temperature of the ginseng land, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing insect pests.
(8) Harvesting:
after the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are planted in the field, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are harvested in late ten days, soil is shaken off from root systems dug out, and the root systems are transported back, graded and dried in the sun.
Comparative example 1
A method for planting codonopsis pilosula, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land:
selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus; the former crop can be selected from potato, soybean, corn and other crops; the radix codonopsis pilosulae and the radix scutellariae can not be continuously cultivated, and the crop rotation period is 2-3 years.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization:
deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, harrowing, finely harrowing, and applying 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate and 40kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture:
selecting new radix Codonopsis seed with germination rate of above 85% and germination potential of above 80% (not used in next year); the sowing time is 3 months and 15 to 4 months and 30 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 2-3 kg; the sowing mode is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, the width of a broadcast sowing ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of drill sowing is 20 cm; uniformly stirring the seeds and fine soil or plant ash, uniformly scattering the seeds on the ground surface, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm or slightly raking the seeds by using a rake, and covering a sun-shading net or a corn stalk, wherein the distance between the sun-shading net and the ground surface is 20-25 cm.
(4) Screening seedlings:
the radix codonopsis seedling is selected from the group consisting of radix codonopsis seedling with the diameter of 3-4 mm, the seedling length of 15-25 cm and the fresh weight of hundred seedlings of 300-350 g.
(5) Transplanting:
the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching according to the plant row spacing of 25cm, ditching for 10-15 cm in depth and ditching for planting at the plant spacing of 8cm, placing the surfaces of the ditches of the codonopsis pilosula in an inclined mode, enabling the buds to face upwards and be 2-3 cm away from the soil surface, and covering soil and pressing.
(6) Field management:
weeding: weeding is carried out immediately after seedling emergence in spring, 1 time each time in 5-7 months and 3 times each time.
Fertilizing: after transplanting and survival, applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm.
(7) And (3) pest control:
disease control: the main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply ploughing the land in autumn to kill the overwintering worm eggs; (2) applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; (3) sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; (4) the aboveground residual stems are cut off and concentrated to be buried deeply or burnt out, so that the infection pathogeny is reduced.
Pest control: mainly comprises underground insects, and the control method comprises the following steps: (1) 700-1000 times of liquid toxic soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphor missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; (2) weeding and loosening soil frequently, improving the soil temperature of the ginseng land, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing insect pests.
(8) Harvesting:
after the codonopsis pilosula is planted in the field, the codonopsis pilosula can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the codonopsis pilosula is harvested in late ten months, the harvested roots are shaken off soil, transported back, graded and dried in the sun.
Comparative example 2
A planting method of scutellaria baicalensis comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land:
the soil climate conditions are as follows: and selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus. The former crop can be selected from potato, soybean, corn and other crops; the radix codonopsis pilosulae and the radix scutellariae can not be continuously cultivated, and the crop rotation period is 2-3 years.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization:
deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, harrowing, finely harrowing, and applying 1000kg of bio-organic fertilizer, 25kg of diammonium phosphate and 40kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture:
selecting seeds of scutellaria baicalensis with 75% of germination rate and 70% of germination vigor, sowing for 3 months and 15 days to 5 months and 30 days, wherein the mu sowing amount is 3-4 kg, the sowing mode is drilling, the drilling row spacing is 20cm, and fine soil with 0.5-1 cm is covered.
(4) Screening seedlings:
the diameter of each scutellaria baicalensis seedling is 7-9 mm, the length of each seedling is 18-25 cm, and the fresh weight of each hundred seedlings is 400-450 g.
(5) Transplanting:
the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching and planting scutellaria baicalensis according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 10cm, setting the furrow depth to be 10-15 cm, placing the furrow surface obliquely, enabling the bud heads to be upward, enabling the bud heads to be 2-3 cm away from the soil surface, and covering soil and pressing.
(6) Field management:
weeding: weeding is carried out immediately after seedling emergence in spring, 1 time each time in 5-7 months and 3 times each time.
Fertilizing: after transplanting and survival, applying 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the height of the seedlings is 20-30 cm.
(7) And (3) pest control:
disease control: the main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps: (1) deeply ploughing the land in autumn to kill the overwintering worm eggs; (2) applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; (3) sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; (4) the aboveground residual stems are cut off and concentrated to be buried deeply or burnt out, so that the infection pathogeny is reduced.
Pest control: mainly comprises underground insects, and the control method comprises the following steps: (1) 700-1000 times of liquid toxic soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphor missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; (2) weeding frequently loosens the soil, improves the soil temperature, increases the soil ventilation, and reduces insect damage.
(8) Harvesting:
after planting the scutellaria baicalensis in the field, the scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the scutellaria baicalensis is harvested and dug in the middle and last ten days of October, soil is shaken off from the root systems dug out, and the scutellaria baicalensis is transported back to be graded and dried in the sun.
The effects of the planting method used in each example and comparative example will be described below.
First, evaluation method
The quality evaluation of the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis is carried out according to a quality standard evaluation method of the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis in the first part of the 'Chinese pharmacopoeia' 2015 edition.
Second, result in
Table 1 shows the results of the yield and quality evaluations of Codonopsis pilosula.
Table 1 shows the yield and quality evaluation of Codonopsis pilosula
Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.
Table 2 shows the yield and quality evaluation of Scutellaria baicalensis
From the above results, it can be seen that the per mu yield and quality of codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis obtained by planting codonopsis pilosula or scutellaria baicalensis separately by the same planting method are both inferior to the per mu yield and quality of codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis obtained by the planting method of codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping, which shows that the codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping planting method used in the present invention has a better effect.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and modifications thereof may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula and scutellaria baicalensis intercropping is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: and selecting sandy soil which has good drainage, is loose and fertile and is rich in humus.
(2) Land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing for 25-30 cm after harvesting the previous stubbles, clearing weeds, raking finely, leveling, and applying the bio-organic fertilizer, diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate to each mu of land along with turning.
(3) Seedling culture: selecting new codonopsis pilosula seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent and the germination potential of more than 80 percent; the sowing time is 3 months and 15 to 4 months and 30 days, and the sowing quantity per mu is 2-3 kg; the sowing mode is broadcast sowing or drill sowing, the width of a broadcast sowing ridge is 1.2-1.5 m, and the row spacing of drill sowing is 20 cm; uniformly stirring the seeds and fine soil or plant ash, uniformly scattering the seeds on the ground surface, covering the fine soil with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm or slightly raking the seeds by using a rake, and covering a sun-shading net or a corn stalk, wherein the distance between the sun-shading net and the ground surface is 20-25 cm; secondly, selecting scutellaria seeds with 75 percent of germination rate and 70 percent of germination vigor, sowing for 3 months and 15 days to 5 months and 30 days, sowing the seeds for each mu at a rate of 3-4 kg, sowing in a drilling mode, wherein the drilling row spacing is 20cm, and covering fine soil of 0.5-1 cm.
(4) Screening seedlings: selecting radix codonopsis seedlings with the diameter of 3-4 mm, the seedling length of 15-25 cm and the fresh weight of 300-350 g; the diameter of each scutellaria baicalensis seedling is 7-9 mm, the length of each seedling is 18-25 cm, and the fresh weight of each hundred seedlings is 400-450 g.
(5) Transplanting: the transplanting is carried out after the soil is unfrozen from 3 first ten days to 4 last ten days of spring; ditching and field planting according to certain plant row spacing, ditch depth and plant spacing, ditching and field planting of scutellaria baicalensis according to the plant row spacing of 25cm multiplied by 10cm, interplanting 1 row of scutellaria baicalensis in 4 rows of codonopsis pilosula, obliquely placing the ditch surfaces of the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis, enabling the buds to face upwards, enabling the buds to be 2-3 cm away from the soil surface, and covering soil and pressing.
(6) Field management: weeding, namely immediately weeding after seedling emergence in spring, and weeding for 3 times in 5-7 months each time; secondly, fertilizing, and after the seedlings are transplanted to survive, dressing 20kg of calcium superphosphate when the seedlings are 20-30 cm high.
(7) And (3) pest control: firstly, disease control, wherein main diseases comprise root rot, downy mildew and the like; the control method comprises the steps of deeply turning over the land in autumn and killing overwintering worm eggs; applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, and culturing strong seedlings; sampling seeds and seedlings, and diluting the seeds and the seedlings by 600 times by using 50% carbendazim; residual stems on the ground are cut off, and concentrated deep burying or burning is carried out, so that infection pathogens are reduced; secondly, insect pest control, mainly including underground insects; the control method is characterized in that 700-1000 times of liquid poison soil of 50% zinc sulfur phosphorus missible oil is used for grubs or root irrigation is carried out; weeding and loosening soil frequently, improving the soil temperature of the ginseng land, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing insect pests.
(8) Harvesting: after the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are planted in the field, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis can be harvested after growing for 1 year, the codonopsis pilosula and the scutellaria baicalensis are harvested in late ten days, soil is shaken off from root systems dug out, and the root systems are transported back, graded and dried in the sun.
2. The method for cultivating radix codonopsis pilosulae and scutellaria baicalensis in an intercropping manner according to claim 1, wherein the soil previous crop in the step (1) can be potato, soybean or corn crops, and the radix codonopsis pilosulae and scutellaria baicalensis cannot be cultivated continuously and need to be crop rotation for 2-3 years.
3. The cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula-radix scutellariae intercropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), 1000kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30-50 kg of calcium superphosphate are used.
4. The cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula-radix scutellariae intercropping as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing in step (5) is 25-30 cm, the furrow depth is 10-15 cm, and the plant spacing is 6-8 cm.
5. The method for cultivating radix codonopsis pilosulae and scutellaria baicalensis in an intercropping manner according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the astragalus mongholicus and the radix codonopsis pilosulae in the step (5) is 25-30 cm.
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