CN112005830A - High-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus - Google Patents
High-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112005830A CN112005830A CN202010944699.2A CN202010944699A CN112005830A CN 112005830 A CN112005830 A CN 112005830A CN 202010944699 A CN202010944699 A CN 202010944699A CN 112005830 A CN112005830 A CN 112005830A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land; (2) land preparation; (3) ridging, flatly placing and transplanting: dipping roots of astragalus seedlings by using hymexazol 1200-1400 times liquid before transplanting from 3 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days of the month, selecting astragalus seedlings with the length not less than 30cm, smooth surface, no disease spots and no damage for transplanting, wherein the height of a ridge body is 20-25cm during transplanting, single-ridge double-row cross transplanting is carried out, the reed heads of the astragalus seedlings are placed outwards, the number of seedlings per mu is 15000-17000 plants, and the amount of seedlings per mu is 80-120 kg; (4) managing water and fertilizer; (5) controlling diseases, pests and weeds; (6) and (6) digging. The high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus provided by the invention has the advantages of uniform ridging and flat swinging, precision seedling discharging, underground disease reduction and capability of harvesting high-yield and high-quality astragalus membranaceus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-ridge flat cultivation method for astragalus membranaceus.
Background
Astragalus membranaceus is a leguminous plant, is one of the most common bulk medicinal materials as an important traditional Chinese medicinal material, has a medicinal history of 2000 years in China, is recorded at the earliest from Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, has the effects of promoting urination and reducing swelling, detoxifying and promoting tissue regeneration, tonifying qi and consolidating exterior, is widely applied clinically, and has the saying of 'ten medicines and eight stilbenes', wherein more than 200 Chinese patent medicines using astragalus membranaceus as a medicinal material are prepared. The domestic market has great demand for radix astragali, about half of which is used for processing radix astragali decoction pieces, and nearly half of which is used for preparing Chinese patent medicines or extracts and preparations. Besides the application in the aspects of medicines and health care products, the astragalus is also applied to the production of feeds, veterinary medicines and cosmetics, and has huge market development potential at home and abroad. Just with the large and wide demand, the wild astragalus root resource is almost exhausted, and the astragalus mongholicus is listed as a national protection plant list at present.
At present, the main sources of astragalus commodity are artificial cultivation, including two modes of direct seeding and seedling transplantation, but the large-scale cultivation time of astragalus is only more than 60 years, the astragalus cultivation process is subject to complex conditions such as different planting modes, diversity of required varieties, different production areas of soil, climate and the like, so that the development of the artificial cultivated astragalus is caused to have many problems, and the improvement of the astragalus cultivation technology and the yield and quality of the artificially cultivated astragalus is urgent for meeting the astragalus requirements of domestic and foreign markets, improving the astragalus cultivation technology and improving the yield and quality of the artificially cultivated astragalus. The traditional planting method comprises a seed direct seeding method and a seedling transplanting method. The direct seeding method has less root straight branch, saves labor and time for seeding, but has large pressure for deep digging when the astragalus root is pricked, strict requirements on soil quality, soil moisture content and the like during the seedling stage, and is easy to lack seedlings and break the rows. The seedling transplanting method is a commonly used method at present, the traditional transplanting method adopts a ditching oblique swing method and a transplanting machine ditching horizontal swing method, the advantages are simple to operate, the placed seedlings are easy to shift by mechanical pulling, the number of the seedlings is greatly fluctuated, the seedlings are easy to be flooded by water in rainy seasons in autumn, the root diseases are frequent, and the yield and the quality are influenced. Therefore, the invention combines the traditional astragalus planting mode, innovates the astragalus high-ridge flat planting method, improves the astragalus planting method and improves the yield and quality of astragalus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which is uniform in ridging and flat swinging, can precisely plant seedlings, reduces underground diseases and can harvest high-yield and high-quality astragalus membranaceus.
Based on the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, rich organic matters and strong water permeability, wherein the salt content of the sandy loam and the loam is less than 0.2 percent, and the pH value of the sandy loam and the soil is 7-8;
(2) land arrangement: spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer in the first 3 th to the middle 3 th of the month, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 35cm, and continuously working with spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer and ploughing;
(3) ridging, flatly placing and transplanting: dipping roots of astragalus seedlings by using hymexazol 1200-1400 times liquid before transplanting from 3 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days of the month, selecting astragalus seedlings with the length not less than 30cm, smooth surface, no disease spots and no damage for transplanting, wherein the height of a ridge body is 20-25cm during transplanting, single-ridge double-row cross transplanting is carried out, the reed heads of the astragalus seedlings are placed outwards, the number of seedlings per mu is 15000-17000 plants, and the amount of seedlings per mu is 80-120 kg;
(4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 20-30kg of urea, 25-35kg of monoammonium phosphate and 15-20kg of potassium sulfate to each mu of land;
(5) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: disease, insect and weed control is well carried out;
(6) excavating: digging and harvesting are started in the middle 10 th month.
Further, in the step (2), the single-side row spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is 8-10cm, the row spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings in a placement area is large and small, the small row is 40-45cm, the large row is 50-55cm, the height of the seedling surface of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings from the bottom of the ridge body is 4-10cm, the length of the reed head covering soil of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is 2-3cm, the width of the lower end surface of the ridge body is 55-60cm, the width of the upper end surface of the ridge body is 35-40cm, and the distance between the ridge body and the center of the ridge body is 90.
Further, the sandy loam and the soil in the step (1) are selected from one or more than one of plots of the rest land, the previous crop or the gramineous crop in the current year.
Further, the control of the diseases, pests and weeds in the step (5) comprises: the method comprises the following steps: after transplanting, sealing the soil with the prepared agent, and carrying out artificial weeding when the height of the later-stage weeds is more than 20 cm; ② controlling the insects of wireworms, grubs and cutworms: the phoxim for soil treatment is uniformly scattered on the ground surface before sowing and turned underground; thirdly, controlling the underground pests of the bean aphids and the bean pod borers: one or two of efficient cyhalothrin missible oil and imidacloprid are alternately used for prevention and treatment; preventing and controlling powdery mildew and downy mildew: the hexaconazole and the azoxystrobin are alternately used at intervals of 7-10 days in the onset period.
The high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which is characterized in that a modern agricultural technology is combined, on the basis of a traditional astragalus membranaceus planting method, the astragalus membranaceus planting method is improved, seedlings are placed while ridges are formed, and the day and night temperature difference of soil is increased by ridge bodies. The uniform horizontal swinging enables the plants to fully absorb water and fertilizer, and the reduction of ridging digging pressure is beneficial to completing digging, so that the quality and the yield are improved. The height of the astragalus root seedling surface from the ridge bottom is 4-10cm, which is beneficial to reducing the soil humidity of the root and reducing the occurrence of root diseases. The length of the cover soil for the reed heads of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is 2-3cm, early seedling emergence and green turning are facilitated, and the growth period is prolonged. The astragalus membranaceus seedlings are placed in a head-to-head mode in a double-faced mode and ridged, so that the land utilization space can be increased, and the yield and the quality of astragalus membranaceus are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method of planting in flat form according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ridge bodies and the seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus.
In the figure: 1. a ridge body; 2. astragalus membranaceus seedlings; 201. rhizoma Phragmitis of radix astragali seedling.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in figures 1-2, the invention discloses a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and strong water permeability, wherein the salt content of the sandy loam and the loam is less than 0.2 percent, the pH value of the sandy loam and the soil is 7, and the sandy loam and the soil are selected from one or more than one of plots with a rest land, a previous crop or a gramineous crop in the current year.
(2) Land arrangement: spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer from 3 Yuehai to 3 Yuehai, then ploughing, wherein the depth of ploughing is not less than 35cm, and continuously working with spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer and ploughing.
(3) Ridging, flatly placing and transplanting: dipping roots of astragalus seedlings 2 by using 1200 times of hymexazol liquid before transplanting in 3-4 middle of the month, selecting the astragalus seedlings 2 with the length not less than 30cm, smooth surface, no disease spots and no damage for transplanting, wherein the height of a ridge body 1 is 20cm during transplanting, single-ridge double-row cross transplanting is carried out, the reed heads 201 of the astragalus seedlings are placed outwards, the number of seedlings per mu is 15000, and the quantity of seedlings per mu is 80 kg. The single-side plant spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings 2 is 8cm, the row spacing of an astragalus membranaceus seedling 2 placement area is large and small, the small row is 40cm, the large row is 50cm, the height of the seedling surface of the astragalus membranaceus seedling 2 from the bottom of the ridge body 1 is 4m, the length of covering soil for the reed head 201 of the astragalus membranaceus seedling is 2cm, the width of the lower end surface of the ridge body 1 is 55cm, the width of the upper end surface of the ridge body is 35cm, and the center distance between the ridge body 1 and the ridge body.
(4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 20kg of urea, 25kg of monoammonium phosphate and 15kg of potassium sulfate to each mu of land;
(5) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: after transplanting, sealing the soil with the prepared agent, and carrying out artificial weeding when the height of the later-stage weeds is more than 20 cm; ② controlling the insects of wireworms, grubs and cutworms: the phoxim for soil treatment is uniformly scattered on the ground surface before sowing and turned underground; thirdly, controlling the underground pests of the bean aphids and the bean pod borers: one or two of efficient cyhalothrin missible oil and imidacloprid are alternately used for prevention and treatment; preventing and controlling powdery mildew and downy mildew: the hexaconazole and the azoxystrobin are alternately used at intervals of 7 days in the onset period.
(6) Excavating: digging and harvesting are started in the middle 10 th month.
Example 2
As shown in figures 1-2, the invention discloses a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and strong water permeability, wherein the salt content of the sandy loam and the loam is less than 0.2 percent, the pH value of the sandy loam and the soil is 7.5, and the sandy loam and the soil are selected from one or more than one of plots of rest land, previous crop or gramineous crops in the current year.
(2) Land arrangement: spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer from 3 Yuehai to 3 Yuehai, then ploughing, wherein the depth of ploughing is not less than 35cm, and continuously working with spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer and ploughing.
(3) Ridging, flatly placing and transplanting: 3, in the middle 3 to 4 months, dipping roots of astragalus seedlings 2 by using 1300 times of hymexazol solution before transplanting, selecting the astragalus seedlings 2 with the length not less than 30cm, smooth surface, no disease spots and no damage for transplanting, wherein the height of a ridge body 1 is 22cm during transplanting, single-ridge double-row cross transplanting is carried out, the reed heads 201 of the astragalus seedlings are placed outwards, the number of seedlings per mu is 16000, and the quantity of seedlings per mu is 100 kg. The single-side plant spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings 2 is 9cm, the row spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings 2 in a placement area is large, small and large, the row spacing is 43cm, large and large is 53cm, the height of the seedling surface of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings 2 from the bottom of the ridge body 1 is 7m, the length of covering soil for the reed heads 201 of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is 2.5cm, the width of the lower end surface of the ridge body 1 is 57cm, the width of the upper end surface of the ridge body is 37cm, and the center distance between the ridge body 1.
(4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 25kg of urea, 30kg of monoammonium phosphate and 17kg of potassium sulfate to each mu of land;
(5) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: after transplanting, sealing the soil with the prepared agent, and carrying out artificial weeding when the height of the later-stage weeds is more than 20 cm; ② controlling the insects of wireworms, grubs and cutworms: the phoxim for soil treatment is uniformly scattered on the ground surface before sowing and turned underground; thirdly, controlling the underground pests of the bean aphids and the bean pod borers: one or two of efficient cyhalothrin missible oil and imidacloprid are alternately used for prevention and treatment; preventing and controlling powdery mildew and downy mildew: the hexaconazole and the azoxystrobin are alternately used at intervals of 8 days in the onset period.
(6) Excavating: digging and harvesting are started in the middle 10 th month.
Example 3
As shown in figures 1-2, the invention discloses a high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and strong water permeability, wherein the salt content of the sandy loam and the loam is less than 0.2 percent, the pH value of the sandy loam and the soil is 8, and the sandy loam and the soil are selected from one or more than one of plots with a rest land, a previous crop or a gramineous crop in the current year.
(2) Land arrangement: spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer from 3 Yuehai to 3 Yuehai, then ploughing, wherein the depth of ploughing is not less than 35cm, and continuously working with spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer and ploughing.
(3) Ridging, flatly placing and transplanting: in 3-4 middle of the month, 1400-fold liquid of hymexazol is used for dipping roots of astragalus seedlings 2 before transplanting, astragalus seedlings 2 with the length not less than 30cm, smooth surfaces, no disease spots and no damage are selected for transplanting, the height of a ridge body 1 is 25cm during transplanting, single-ridge double-row cross transplanting is carried out, the reed heads 201 of the astragalus seedlings are placed outwards, the number of seedlings per mu is 17000, and the quantity of seedlings per mu is 120 kg. The single-side plant spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings 2 is 10cm, the row spacing of an astragalus membranaceus seedling 2 placement area is large and small, the small row is 45cm, the large row is 55cm, the height of the seedling surface of the astragalus membranaceus seedling 2 from the bottom of the ridge body 1 is 10m, the length of covering soil for the reed head 201 of the astragalus membranaceus seedling is 3cm, the width of the lower end surface of the ridge body 1 is 60cm, the width of the upper end surface of the ridge body is 40cm, and the center distance between the ridge body 1 and the ridge body.
(4) And (3) water and fertilizer management: 30kg of urea, 35kg of monoammonium phosphate and 20kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of land;
(5) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: the method for preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: after transplanting, sealing the soil with the prepared agent, and carrying out artificial weeding when the height of the later-stage weeds is more than 20 cm; ② controlling the insects of wireworms, grubs and cutworms: the phoxim for soil treatment is uniformly scattered on the ground surface before sowing and turned underground; thirdly, controlling the underground pests of the bean aphids and the bean pod borers: one or two of efficient cyhalothrin missible oil and imidacloprid are alternately used for prevention and treatment; preventing and controlling powdery mildew and downy mildew: the hexaconazole and the azoxystrobin are alternately used at intervals of 10 days in the onset period.
(6) Excavating: digging and harvesting are started in the middle 10 th month.
Claims (4)
1. A high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus membranaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection: selecting sandy loam and loam with deep soil layer, rich organic matters and strong water permeability, wherein the salt content of the sandy loam and the loam is less than 0.2 percent, and the pH value of the sandy loam and the soil is 7-8;
(2) land arrangement: spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer in the first 3 th to the middle 3 th of the month, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is not less than 35cm, and continuously working with spreading the insecticide and the base fertilizer and ploughing;
(3) ridging, flatly placing and transplanting: dipping roots of astragalus seedlings by using hymexazol 1200-1400 times liquid before transplanting from 3 middle ten days to 4 middle ten days of the month, selecting astragalus seedlings with the length not less than 30cm, smooth surface, no disease spots and no damage for transplanting, wherein the height of a ridge body is 20-25cm during transplanting, single-ridge double-row cross transplanting is carried out, the reed heads of the astragalus seedlings are placed outwards, the number of seedlings per mu is 15000-17000 plants, and the amount of seedlings per mu is 80-120 kg;
(4) and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying 20-30kg of urea, 25-35kg of monoammonium phosphate and 15-20kg of potassium sulfate to each mu of land;
(5) controlling diseases, pests and weeds: disease, insect and weed control is well carried out;
(6) excavating: digging and harvesting are started in the middle 10 th month.
2. The astragalus membranaceus high-ridge flat planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the single-side row spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is 8-10cm, the row spacing of the astragalus membranaceus seedling placement area is large and small, the small row is 40-45cm, the large row is 50-55cm, the height of the seedling surface of the astragalus membranaceus seedling from the bottom of the ridge body is 4-10cm, the length of cover soil for the reed head of the astragalus membranaceus seedling is 2-3cm, the width of the lower end surface of the ridge body is 55-60cm, the width of the upper end surface of the ridge body is 35-40cm, and the distance between the ridge body and the center of the ridge body is.
3. The high-ridge flat cultivation method for astragalus according to claim 1, wherein the sandy loam and soil in step (1) are selected from one or more of the land blocks of the crops of the grass family in the same year, the land blocks of the crops of the grass family in the previous year or the land blocks of the crops of the grass family in the previous year.
4. The high-ridge flat planting method for astragalus according to claim 1, wherein the control of diseases, pests and weeds in the step (5) comprises: the method comprises the following steps: after transplanting, sealing the soil with the prepared agent, and carrying out artificial weeding when the height of the later-stage weeds is more than 20 cm; ② controlling the insects of wireworms, grubs and cutworms: the phoxim for soil treatment is uniformly scattered on the ground surface before sowing and turned underground; thirdly, controlling the underground pests of the bean aphids and the bean pod borers: one or two of efficient cyhalothrin missible oil and imidacloprid are alternately used for prevention and treatment; preventing and controlling powdery mildew and downy mildew: the hexaconazole and the azoxystrobin are alternately used at intervals of 7-10 days in the onset period.
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| CN114431094A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-06 | 内蒙古天创药业科技股份有限公司 | Astragalus membranaceus and millet crop rotation planting method |
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