CN111165295A

CN111165295A - Astragalus membranaceus seedling culture cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN111165295A
Application number: CN202010023697.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙启忠; 顾扬; 于建财; 张斌
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Shengqitang Ecological Medicine Plant Co Ltd
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Shengqitang Ecological Medicine Plant Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-09
Filing date: 2020-01-09
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-09
Also published as: CN111165295B

Abstract

A method for raising seedlings and cultivating astragalus membranaceus comprises the steps of seed treatment and seedling and transplanting, wherein the seed treatment comprises the steps of soaking seeds in warm water and then airing. The mixture of the base fertilizer and the vermiculite is used as a covering material of the seeds, and the substance is used for burying, so that certain nutrients can be provided, and the seeds can grow in the direction of the mixture according to the burying direction when sprouting, so that the astragalus membranaceus can be vertically grown; in the aspect of seed treatment, the mode of drying after soaking is adopted, so that the epidermis of the astragalus is easy to fall off, the buds of the astragalus can conveniently penetrate through the epidermis to finish germination without causing self damage, and the characteristic that the epidermis of the seeds is easy to damage enables the buds of the astragalus to follow the covering direction of the mixture in the process of finding the growth direction, so that the upright seedling culture is more facilitated.

Description

Astragalus membranaceus seedling culture cultivation method

Technical Field

The application relates to a method for cultivating astragalus membranaceus seedlings.

Background

The astragalus membranaceus seed coat has poor water permeability, the hard seed rate of the astragalus membranaceus seed coat can reach 40% -80%, and the temperature has a great influence on the germination of astragalus membranaceus seeds.

There are many ways to treat astragalus membranaceus, such as soaking in water, sanding, and treating with chemicals. However, the germination rate of astragalus obtained in the above manner is still limited, and for soaking in water, the influence on the germination rate is presumed to be caused because the effect on the epidermis of astragalus is limited; in the other method, it is assumed that the germination rate is affected by breakage of the fruit inside due to an excessively drastic operation method.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the application provides a method for raising astragalus seedlings and cultivating, which comprises the steps of seed treatment and seedling and transplanting, wherein the seed treatment comprises the steps of soaking seeds in warm water and then airing. This application adopts the mode of drying again after soaking for the epidermis of astragalus drops easily, thereby does benefit to the bud of astragalus and passes the epidermis, accomplishes to sprout and does not cause the damage of self.

Preferably, the seedling culture is carried out in a base fertilizer, after the seeds are placed in the base fertilizer, the seeds are covered with a mixture of the base fertilizer and vermiculite, and the mass fraction of the vermiculite in the mixture is not less than 1/3. By adopting the burying method, not only can enough nutrients be provided, but also the growth direction of the seeds can be according to the burying direction of the mixture when the seeds germinate, thereby further realizing the upright seedling raising of the astragalus.

Preferably, the weight percentage of the vermiculite in the mixture is 1/3-2/3.

Preferably, the temperature of the warm water soaking is 75-80 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min. Experiments show that the treatment of the epidermis can be well completed in the temperature condition and the time condition, the optimal germination rate can be obtained, the temperature is not lower than 70 ℃ which is commonly used in the prior art, and the inactivation of the astragalus membranaceus is not caused in the process.

Preferably, the seed treatment further comprises a process of soaking the aired seeds in warm water at a temperature of between 40 and 50 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours. This application is through the mode that will dry seed after again soak, improvement germination percentage that can step forward to obtain more optimized treatment effect.

Preferably, the seedling raising comprises the following steps:

adding a proper amount of bactericide into the base fertilizer;

taking a seedling raising cylinder, and sterilizing in a mode of soaking potassium permanganate aqueous solution;

filling base fertilizer into the seedling growing cylinder and filling the seedling growing cylinder with the base fertilizer;

thoroughly watering the base fertilizer in the seedling raising cylinder with water, and then pressing pits on the surface of the base fertilizer to reserve seeds;

sowing 2-3 seeds in each seedling cylinder, covering a layer of base fertilizer and vermiculite mixture on the seeds after sowing, then thoroughly watering, and covering a layer of mulching film on the seeds.

And (4) obtaining seedlings after the seeds bud, removing the mulching film covered when the bud ratio reaches 65-75%, and supplementing water.

Preferably, the seedling culture also comprises an optimization mode that the seedlings are shaded when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and the seedlings are ventilated timely;

thinning the seedlings when the seedlings grow to be more than 3 leaves, and spraying fertilizer and water to the seedlings;

after the astragalus membranaceus seedlings grow for 8 weeks or reach the height of 10-20cm, performing adaptive exercise on the astragalus membranaceus seedlings in the greenhouse before transplantation, namely opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, reducing the temperature in the greenhouse to be the same as the outdoor temperature, and performing seedling exercising for 5-7 days.

Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: organic fertilizer: 50-100 parts; phosphate fertilizer: 1-1.5 parts; nitrate-based fertilizer: 0.8 to 1.2 portions.

Preferably, the seedling raising barrel comprises a seedling raising frustum which is arranged in an inverted manner, and a plurality of oval through holes are formed in the bottom of the frustum; arrange in on the seedling frame, the seedling frame includes the landing leg and establishes the brace table on the landing leg, be equipped with a plurality of mounting holes that set up with a seedling section of thick bamboo cooperation on the brace table.

Preferably, the transplanting comprises the following steps:

deep ploughing the prepared land blocks for 40-50cm 5-7 days before transplanting, and then ridging, wherein the ridge height is 40cm, the ridge width is 2m, and the ridge distance is 30 cm;

transplanting the astragalus membranaceus according to the plant spacing of 15cm and the line spacing of 20cm, firstly cutting off seedlings and leaving stubbles for 5cm, transporting the seedlings to a transplanting place, taking the seedlings and a matrix out of a culture plastic bucket, putting the taken astragalus membranaceus into dug seedling holes, and sealing the periphery of the seedling holes with soil.

The transplanted land is irrigated at the time of irrigation, and the irrigation quantity is about 750m³/hm²The seedling is about 15 days for seedling recovery, and the period is irrigated once per week;

and in the late seedling recovering stage, the vigorous growth of the plants is maintained, the conventional field management is carried out, and the weeds are removed periodically to ensure the normal growth of the plants.

This application can bring following beneficial effect:

1. according to the method, the mixture of the base fertilizer and the vermiculite is used as the burying substance of the seeds, and the substance is used for burying, so that certain nutrients can be provided, and when the seeds germinate, the growth direction of the seeds is according to the burying direction of the mixture, so that the upright seedling culture of the astragalus membranaceus is realized.

2. The method of drying the astragalus after soaking is adopted, so that the epidermis of the astragalus is easy to fall off, buds of the astragalus can conveniently penetrate through the epidermis, the buds can germinate without causing damage to the buds, and the buds of the astragalus follow the covering direction of a mixture in the process of searching the growth direction due to the characteristic that the epidermis of the seeds is easy to damage, so that the method is more beneficial to upright seedling culture;

3. experiments show that the treatment of the epidermis can be well completed in the temperature condition and the time condition, the optimal germination rate can be obtained, the common treatment temperature is lower than 70 ℃ in the prior art, the inactivation of the astragalus membranaceus is not caused in the process, and the germination rate can be further improved by soaking the aired seeds, so that the more optimal treatment effect is obtained;

Detailed Description

In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present application will be explained in detail through the following embodiments.

The seedling culture and cultivation of the astragalus are carried out according to the following modes:

s1, soaking the seeds in warm water, and then airing, wherein the temperature and time of the warm water, whether the seeds are aired or not, and then continuing soaking are shown in the table 1;

table 1:

s2, then seedling culture:

adding a proper amount of bactericide into the base fertilizer; the specific components of the base fertilizer are shown in table 2.

2-3 seeds are sowed in each seedling raising cylinder, and 100 seeds are sowed in total. After sowing, covering a layer of covering material, i.e. mixture of base fertilizer and vermiculite, on the seeds, then thoroughly watering, and covering a layer of mulch film on the seeds. The specific composition is shown in table 2.

Table 2:

When in seedling culture, the seedlings are shaded when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and the seedlings are ventilated timely;

thinning when the seedlings grow to be more than 3 leaves, recording the number of the final seedlings, as shown in table 3, and spraying fertilizer and water to the seedlings;

after the astragalus membranaceus seedlings grow for 8 weeks or reach the height of 10-20cm, performing adaptive exercise on the astragalus membranaceus seedlings in the greenhouse before transplantation, namely opening a ventilation opening of the greenhouse, reducing the temperature in the greenhouse to be the same as the outdoor temperature, performing seedling exercising for 5-7 days, and recording the number of surviving strains of the exercising seedlings, which is shown in table 3.

S3, transplanting comprises the following steps:

Timely irrigating the transplanted land parcel with the irrigation quantity of 750m³/hm²The seedling is about to take 15 days for seedling rejuvenation, irrigation is carried out once a week in the period, and the final survival rate is recorded and shown in table 3;

Table 3:

from the above, in the first warm water pretreatment process, the pretreatment needs to be carried out at 75-80 ℃, otherwise, the reduction of the rate of emergence is directly caused; soak once more after drying and have very obvious effect that improves the rate of emergence, and adopt the loose covering of vermiculite, can be obvious play the guide effect, but not set up at will, but just have better effect under the condition that needs to have certain cooperation, thereby if vermiculite is too much, can lead to the fertilizer that provides not enough to influence final survival rate, on the other hand, if vermiculite is too little, then probably lead to losing the guide effect of covering itself.

The seedling raising cylinder comprises a seedling raising frustum which is arranged in an inverted manner, and a plurality of oval through holes are formed in the bottom of the frustum; arrange in on the seedling frame, the seedling frame includes the landing leg and establishes the brace table on the landing leg, be equipped with a plurality of mounting holes that set up with a seedling section of thick bamboo cooperation on the brace table.

The above are merely examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for raising and cultivating astragalus membranaceus seedlings comprises the processes of seed treatment and seedling raising and transplanting, and is characterized in that: the seed treatment comprises the process of soaking the seeds in warm water and then airing.

2. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling culture is carried out in a base fertilizer, after the seeds are put into the base fertilizer, the seeds are covered with a mixture of the base fertilizer and vermiculite, and the mass fraction of the vermiculite in the mixture is not lower than 1/3.

3. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the weight percentage of the vermiculite in the mixture is 1/3-2/3.

4. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the soaking temperature in warm water is 75-80 deg.C, and the soaking time is 20-30 min.

5. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seed treatment also comprises a process of soaking the aired seeds in warm water at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ for 1-2 h.

6. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

adding a proper amount of bactericide into the base fertilizer;

7. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the seedling culture also comprises an optimized mode that the seedlings are shaded when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and the seedlings are ventilated timely;

8. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: organic fertilizer: 50-100 parts; phosphate fertilizer: 1-1.5 parts; nitrate-based fertilizer: 0.8 to 1.2 portions.

9. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the seedling raising barrel comprises a seedling raising frustum which is arranged in an inverted manner, and a plurality of oval through holes are formed in the bottom of the frustum; arrange in on the seedling frame, the seedling frame includes the landing leg and establishes the brace table on the landing leg, be equipped with a plurality of mounting holes that set up with a seedling section of thick bamboo cooperation on the brace table.

10. The astragalus seedling culture cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transplanting comprises the following steps:

Timely irrigating the transplanted land parcel with the irrigation quantity of 750m³/hm²The seedling is revived for 15 days, and the period is irrigated once per week;