Wheat, green onion and the balloonflower root intercropping and interplanting implantation methods prevented and reduced natural disasters
Technical field
The present invention relates to arviculture technology.
Background technology
At present, global climate is just being experiencing to warm for the significant changes of principal character, between 1880 to 2012 years globally
Table temperature rises 0.85 DEG C.Climate change triggers the change of earth surface air, the hydrology, soil and bioprocess, will
Significant impact persistently is produced to nature and social economic system.Climate warming causes the phenological period to change, and influences agricultural production.Example
Such as, North China of China is important grain-production area, and crops are based on wheat, corn, often by the shadow of monsoon climate
Ring, the flood of spring drought summer.Especially annual late May, 35 DEG C of high temperature above weather often occur, trigger hot dry wind, winter wheat is caused
Certain production loss.At present, main, the specific targets relevant with temperature, relative humidity, wind-force of winter wheat hot dry wind condition are formed
It is as follows:
Hot dry wind |
Temperature |
Relative humidity |
Wind-force m/s |
Slightly |
33℃ |
30% |
2.5 |
Severe |
35℃ |
25% |
3.0 |
In terms of crop-planting, crops nonoculture, continuous cropping mode are traditional cropping patterns, and nonoculture, continuous cropping are easy to draw
Continuous cropping is played, that is, plants certain crop this year, next year plants this crop again.Nonoculture continuous cropping is easy to cause the underproduction or disease pest
Harmful generation.Many domestic and foreign scholars researchs show that the especially generation of soil-borne disease and the micro- life of root system occur for crop disease
The quantity of thing, group are that composition and structure of community are in close relations, and nonoculture continuous cropping can cause the quantity of rhizosphere microbial unbalance.Change stubble and
Intercropping and interplanting mode is to overcome the effective means of continuous cropping, that is, changes crop varieties, or plant two kinds of crops in field interlacing.But the winter
Wheat is the 2 years crops uniquely to survive the winter, annual the first tenday period of a month in October sowing, the ripe harvest of Second Year the beginning of June after surviving the winter.It is small with the winter
Other cereal crops that wheat can grow harvest simultaneously almost do not have, and intercropping and interplanting mode is not easily accomplished;At present after winter wheat harvest
Summer corn is planted, Winter Wheat Planted after summer corn harvests, goes round and begins again, does not realize and next year change stubble.
In recent years, in wheat planting district, large area planting vegetable crop, such as green onion, garlic, the plantation economy also having are started
Crop, such as Chinese medicine balloonflower root.Wherein:
Green onion is biennial vegetable, and sowing at the beginning of annual 10 months, by surviving the winter, Second Year spring accelerates growth, and June grows up to
It is small into green onion for 0.5~0.8cm of diameter, it is ripe by the end of September to harvest shallot after transplanting;But green onion is afraid of flood in growth course, is also not suitable with
Continuous cropping.
Balloonflower root is herbaceos perennial, 40~90cm of plant height, and stem uprightly has branch, latin name (platycodon
Grandiflorus (jacg.) A.DC.), rhizome be used as medicine, seeding and seedling raising after annual November, 4~June of the coming year transplanting, October
Bottom can harvest annual balloonflower root, and Second Year can harvest biennial balloonflower root October;But root-rot can occur for several years back root parts of balloonflower root continuous cropping
Disease, yield declines, quality reduces.The ratio rate of bacterium and fungi in soil, it is the important indicator for weighing soil health quality, carefully
The ratio of bacterium and fungi is higher, shows that soil health quality is better.According to the unbalanced nosogenesis of rhizosphere microbial, the present invention
People's experiment shows that fungi sharply increases in balloonflower root continuous cropping soil, while bacterial number declines, and the pathogen of root rot is true
Bacterium, it is the main reason for causing balloonflower root root disease and pest to occur.Balloonflower root declines with the increase of the continuous cropping time limit, bacterium/fungi ratio,
Continuous cropping 2 years, declines up to 42.85%.
Above-mentioned winter wheat hot dry wind problem, crops continuous cropping problem, are all peasant's urgent problems to be solved.To being at present
Only, also nobody is proposed by coordinating the planting patterns of grain, dish, medicine come solution to the problems described above.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as the hot dry wind of winter wheat and crops continuous cropping problem, the present invention proposes that a kind of adaptation north is natural
The wheat prevented and reduced natural disasters, green onion and the balloonflower root intercropping and interplanting implantation methods of working condition.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that:
A kind of wheat prevented and reduced natural disasters, green onion and balloonflower root intercropping and interplanting implantation methods, step are as follows:
The first step, then, after preceding stubble autumn crops harvest, conventionally arable land fertilising, flattens into embanked field, embanked field is wide
1.5m, the wide 30cm in the furrow ridge, three kinds of wheat, green onion and balloonflower root crops are planted in embanked field, three kinds of crops take Planting Patterns on Intercropping,
According to the time sowing in time of sowing season;During sowing, relay interplanting planting green onion and balloonflower root between every two furrow winter wheat, it is desirable to green onion and tangerine
Stalk alternately, i.e., since the first furrow order be wheat -- green onion -- wheat -- balloonflower root -- wheat -- green onion -- wheat -- balloonflower root -- according to
This analogizes;Ground moistening is after planting kept, field management is conventionally carried out after emergence;
Second step, Second Year summer, harvest maturation winter wheat, rise it is small into green onion seedling and balloonflower root seedling, soil is vacated, with rotation
Plough plough rotary tillage and the whole furrow of top dressing;Require that every mu is applied 0.6 ten thousand kilograms of farmyard manure, composite fertilizer 20--30kg during fertilising;During whole furrow according to
The embanked field width and original position of the first step are carried out, the original furrow ridge it is whole for can draining furrow ditch form;Then transplanted to embanked field
What is gone out is small into green onion seedling and balloonflower root seedling;After requiring the first furrow since green onion for not continuous cropping, during transplanting, then every two furrow balloonflower root and two furrow
Alternately, i.e., being sequentially green onion, -- -- -- -- -- the rest may be inferred for balloonflower root -- balloonflower root -- for green onion for green onion for balloonflower root for balloonflower root for green onion;
Green onion spacing in the rows 5cm, line-spacing 30cm are required during transplanting, green onion seedling exposes soil layer;Balloonflower root spacing in the rows 1cm, line-spacing 20cm, buried channel
Deep more than 25cm, earthing are higher than symptom of a trend 3cm;
3rd step, in Second Year autumn, harvest shallot and annual balloonflower root;After vacating soil, enter again according still further to the first step
Row arable land, fertilising, whole furrow and three kinds of intercropping and interplanting plantation wheat, green onion and balloonflower root crops;For not continuous cropping, during sowing, the first furrow from
Balloonflower root starts, and then relay interplanting planting green onion and balloonflower root between every two furrow winter wheat, green onion and balloonflower root alternately, i.e., are sequentially tangerine again
-- -- -- -- -- -- the rest may be inferred for green onion -- wheat -- for wheat for balloonflower root for wheat for green onion for wheat for stalk;
4th step, the 3rd year summer, as second step harvest wheat, transplanting are small into green onion seedling and balloonflower root seedling;For not continuous cropping,
During transplanting, first and second furrow are since green onion, then two furrow balloonflower roots and two furrow green onions are alternately, i.e. order -- green onion -- balloonflower root -- tangerine that is green onion
-- -- -- the rest may be inferred for balloonflower root -- balloonflower root -- for green onion for green onion for stalk;
5th step, in the 3rd year autumn, green onion and balloonflower root are harvested, then crop rotation is started the cycle over from the first step.
Further, when sowing in the first step, carried out according to traditional type of seeding, winter wheat sowing dirlling by seeder, line-spacing
25cm, spacing in the rows 3cm, sowing quantity 8~10kg/ mus;Green onion and balloonflower root are also with sowing dirlling by seeder, sowing quantity 3~4kg/ mus;Arable land fertilising
When, it is desirable to using 1.2 ten thousand jin of farmyard manure, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizer;The embanked field of plantation green onion is affixed by liquefied ammonia.
Further, during the 3rd step kind planting platycodon radix, the annual balloonflower root just harvested can be transplanted, next year harvest two is treated after transplanting
Year life balloonflower root.
Good effect of the present invention is:Due to winter wheat, green onion and balloonflower root, these three plants carry out intercropping cultivation, that is, meet
Their cultivation habit, some mutualities of interest between different plants are made full use of again, form rational compound population structure, improve group
A variety of resistance of body, further improve agricultural microclimate environment, also the mutual not continuous cropping of at least two seasons or 2 years, avoid winter wheat life
The hot dry wind meteorological disaster of growth process middle and later periods, overcome the disease during green onion and balloonflower root continuous cropping and phenomenon occur, can obtain grain,
Three good harvests of dish, medicine.The problem of peasant's single grain benefit is low is compensate for, that is, ensure that peasant has grain to eat, also certain warp
Ji income.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the intercropping mode schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the intercropping mode schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art are according to Fig. 1 and the content of the invention
Technical scheme, you can implement, will not be described in detail herein.
In order to further illustrate good effect of the present invention.Covered separately below using between traditional winter wheat nonoculture and the present invention
Two kinds of planting patterns of kind carry out contrast tests.Experiment process:From northern Taian district same field, respectively according to traditional
Winter wheat nonoculture and intercropping of the present invention are planted, when May 27 coming year, winter wheat will be ripe, to two kinds of planting patterns
Agricultural microclimate be observed, observed result is shown in Table one, table two and table three respectively.Wherein:
Table one is the temperature comparisons of two kinds of planting patterns field 1m canopies.
Table two is that two kinds of planting patterns field canopy wind-force contrast (mean wind speed m/s).
Table three is balloonflower root and the edaphon change contrast situation during green onion crop rotation.
Table one
Type |
12:00 |
13:00 |
14:00 |
15:00 |
16:00 |
17:00 |
18:00 |
19:00 |
Winter wheat nonoculture |
33℃ |
34℃ |
35.8℃ |
35.7℃ |
35.3℃ |
35.0℃ |
33℃ |
31℃ |
The inventive method |
31.3℃ |
32.5℃ |
33.2℃ |
28.3℃ |
33.5℃ |
33.0℃ |
31.7℃ |
29.0℃ |
Lower temperature |
1.7℃ |
1.5℃ |
1.8℃ |
1.7℃ |
1.8℃ |
2.0℃ |
2.3℃ |
2.0℃ |
As seen from Table 1, under equal weather conditions, the present invention is can absorb a large amount of because green onion and balloonflower root grow the most productive period
Heat, reduce by 1.5~2.0 DEG C of canopy surface temperature at wheat crop 1m, hot dry wind odds can be reduced.
Table 2
Type |
12:00 |
13:00 |
14:00 |
15:00 |
16:00 |
17:00 |
18:00 |
Winter wheat nonoculture |
2.2m/s |
2.8m/s |
2.0m/s |
2.8m/s |
2.8m/s |
2.5m/s |
2.0m/s |
The inventive method |
1.8m/s |
2m/s |
1.5m/s |
2.0m/s |
1.9m/s |
1.8m/s |
1.6m/s |
Reduce wind-force |
0.4m/s |
0.8m/s |
0.5m/s |
0.8m/s |
0.9m/s |
0.7m/s |
0.4m/s |
As can be seen from Table 2, it is of the invention because green onion and balloonflower root grow the most productive period, there is wind-force barrier effect, make field wind
Power reduces 0.5-0.8m/s, can effectively prevent the generation of winter wheat hot dry wind.
Table 3:(unit * 100000CFU)
Following three points as can be seen from Table 3:
When:The bacterial number in soil declines, and fungi rises, and puts compared with continuous cropping 2 years within 1 year for balloonflower root continuous cropping
Line bacterium number amount rises, and microorganism total amount declines.
Second,:Balloonflower root and green onion crop rotation 1 year and 2 years comparing results of crop rotation, the bacterial number in soil rise, fungi
Decline, Population of Actinomycetes declines, and microorganism total amount rises.
Third,:In balloonflower root and green onion crop rotation cropping pattern, the ratio of bacterium/fungi is in rising trend.Crop rotation 2 years, rises
15.39%;Compared with balloonflower root continuous cropping 1 year, bacterium/fungi ratio rises 14.84% for balloonflower root and green onion crop rotation 1 year, balloonflower root with
The ratio of bacterium/fungi rises 89.3% compared with balloonflower root continuous cropping 2 years within 2 years for green onion crop rotation.It can be seen that balloonflower root of the present invention and green onion
The health quality of the soil of balloonflower root growth is remarkably improved in rotation system, so as to reduce the generation of disease.In same arid
Or in the unfavorable soil environment such as flooded stain, because the quantity of microorganism is more, the ratio of bacterium and fungi is big, can also avoid meteorological calamity
The degree that evil occurs, or mitigate the degree that meteorological disaster occurs.
Nutrient competition ratio is to weigh a kind of crop to absorb the strong and weak index of nutrient ability, shows nutritious competition more than 1.0
Advantage.Nutrient competition ratio in the present invention in balloonflower root and green onion intercropping mode is:Nitrogen 1.70, phosphorus 1.50, potassium 1.50, show balloonflower root
The nutrition such as more N P and Ks are preferentially obtained with balloonflower root in green onion intercropping mode, so as to advantageously promote balloonflower root growth, but also not shadow
Ring the yield of green onion.It is as made between balloonflower root and peppermint, then not competing through experiment, not all intercropping mode all competitive superiorities
Strive advantage.Make that there is obvious competitive advantage between the balloonflower root of the present invention and green onion.