CN112108188B - 一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
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Abstract
本发明属于非均相钯催化剂技术领域,尤其涉及了一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂及其应用。本发明的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂是以双胍基共价有机框架材料为载体,负载钯或钯盐;其中,双胍基共价有机框架材料以卤代芳烃和苯基双胍或芳香胺和含胍基卤代苯为原料经N‑原子取代反应后制成,随后将其分散于钯盐的二氯甲烷/乙醇溶液中制成双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂。本发明构建的双胍基共价有机框架材料大大提高了催化剂的负载量,且由其制成的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂具有优异的催化活性、热稳定性及循环使用性能,可广泛应用于各种C‑C偶联反应中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂及其应用,属于非均相钯催化剂技术领域。
背景技术
过渡金属催化的C-C偶联反应是一类非常重要的有机反应,广泛地应用于药物及中间体、天然化合物、功能高分子材料等领域。C-C偶联反应包括Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应、Heck偶联反应、Sonogashira偶联反应等,钯及其盐是该类反应最有效催化剂之一,通常需加三苯基膦、氮杂卡宾等配体,构建均相催化体系,具有反应条件温和、产率高等优点,但存在价格昂贵、反应后难以与产物分离、难以回收循环使用和对环境污染等缺点。为此,非均相钯催化剂的开发成为研究热门,其制备方法是将钯催化剂负载或固载于多孔碳、石墨烯、二氧化硅、硅藻土及高分子聚合物等多孔材料载体上,在一定程度上,提高催化剂的回收与循环使用性能。但目前非均相钯催化剂的制备方法,存在载体的催化剂负载量有限、催化活性不足以及催化剂与载体间相互作用力较弱而造成催化剂流失等问题,进而造成负载型钯催化剂的催化性能随循环次数增加而降低的现象。因此,开发新型高效的非均相钯催化剂具有十分重要研究和应用价值。
共价有机框架材料(Covalent Organic Frameworks,COFs)是一类新型的多孔晶体高分子材料,具有孔道结构高度有序、孔径可调、低密度、高比表面积等优点,成为功能材料领域研究的热点之一。COFs独特的理化性质,使其广泛地应用于气体存储与分离、光电、催化、药物传递、能源、化学传感、色谱分离等领域,尤其是在非均相催化领域的应用深受众多科学家们的青睐。目前报道的COFs的制备方法有水热法、微波法、研磨法、离子热法等,其结构按成键方式可分为硼酸酯键、亚胺键、腙键、烯酮键、酰亚胺、三嗪键、碳碳双键等。COFs的结构的可设计性成就了其结构多样性,即通过合理设计,可以实现COFs的多功能化,为COFs的应用开拓了广阔的研究空间。
胍及其衍生物是一类重要的化合物,具有良好的生理活性,如二甲双胍;同时,胍是最强的有机碱之一,具有很强的亲核性,作为强碱或催化剂被广泛地应用于有机反应中,如中国专利公开号CN 105772079 A的发明报道了一种固载二甲基双胍的制备方法及在大豆油脂的酯交换反应中的应用,又如中国专利公开号CN 109161016 B的发明报道了一种胍聚合物多相催化剂的制备方法及其催化合成华法林及其衍生物中的应用方法,再如中国专利公开号CN 102875779 B的发明报道了一种双胍催化乳酸合成聚乳酸的工艺方法。此外,胍又是一类重要的过渡金属配体,可制备金属-胍配合物催化剂,如中国专利公开号CN1709919 A的发明报道了一种金属-胍配合物原位催化原子转移自由基聚合反应的方法。因此,开发新型胍基催化剂具有非常重要的研究意义和广阔的应用前景。
有鉴于此,本发明人通过大量实验研究,设计合成了一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂,有效地改善了目前非均相钯催化剂存在的载体的催化剂负载量有限、催化活性低、载体与催化剂结合不牢固以及循环使用性能不佳的问题,从而可以应用于各种C-C偶联反应中。
发明内容
为了解决目前非均相钯催化剂存在的载体的催化剂负载量有限、催化活性低、稳定性差以及循环使用性能不佳的问题,本发明巧妙地构建了一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂,实现了非均相钯催化剂在C-C偶联反应中的应用。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一个方面提供了一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂,所述的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂简称为Pd@COF-JNU-DG,其特征结构如式1所示:
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂的制备方法,步骤包括双胍基共价有机框架材料的合成及以双胍基共价有机框架材料为载体负载钯盐制得Pd@COF-JNU-DG;
其中,所述的双胍基共价有机框架材料简称为COF-JNU-DG,是由卤代芳烃和苯基双胍或芳香胺和含胍基卤代苯以摩尔比2:3,在有机溶剂中经N-原子取代反应后,将产物经乙醇、水反复洗涤后,真空干燥得到;
将上述合成的双COF-JNU-DG分散于氯化钯或醋酸钯的二氯甲烷或乙醇溶液中,超声混匀后室温下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥后即得到Pd@COF-JNU-DG。
进一步地,所述的卤代芳烃为1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯、1,3,5-三(4-碘苯基)苯、2,4,6-三(4-溴苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪或2,4,6-三(4-碘苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种;
所述的苯基双胍为1,4-苯二双胍;
所述的芳香胺为1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯、2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三氨基苯、三聚氰胺中的一种;
所述的含胍基卤代苯为N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍或N,N’-二(4-溴苯基)双胍。
进一步地,所述的有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环中的一种或两种以上混合使用。
进一步地,所述的N-原子取代反应的条件为:以碘化亚铜或溴化亚铜为催化剂,于80~100℃下,氮气保护,反应24~72h。
本发明的第三个方面提供了上述双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG在催化Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应、Heck偶联反应和Sonogashira偶联反应中的应用,其催化反应方程式分别如下式2、式3、式4所示:
式2-4中,R、R’、R”各自独立地为氢原子、甲基、甲氧基、硝基、乙酰基、羟基;X为溴原子、碘原子、氯原子。
进一步地,所述的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG催化Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应的步骤为:向圆底烧瓶中加入卤代芳烃、芳基硼酸、碱、催化剂Pd@DG-COF-JNU和溶剂,于25~80℃下反应0.1~1h,反应结束后经过滤分离、洗涤回收催化剂,滤液经硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到偶联产物;
所述的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@DG-COF-JNU催化Heck偶联反应的步骤为:向圆底烧瓶中加入卤代芳烃、苯乙烯、碱、催化剂Pd@DG-COF-JNU和溶剂,于80~120℃下反应0.5~1h,反应结束后经过滤分离、洗涤回收催化剂,滤液经硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到偶联产物;
所述的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@DG-COF-JNU催化Sonogashira偶联反应的步骤为:向圆底烧瓶中加入卤代芳烃、苯乙炔、碱、催化剂Pd@DG-COF-JNU和溶剂,于50~100℃下反应0.5~1h,反应结束后经过滤分离、洗涤回收催化剂,滤液经硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到偶联产物。
更进一步地,所述的碱为碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、三乙胺中的一种;溶剂为水、乙醇、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯中的一种或两种以上混合使用。
本发明相较于现有技术的优势和有益效果在于:
(1)本发明的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂,其双胍基团与钯或钯盐之间有较强的相互作用力,有效提升了催化剂的稳定性;
(2)本发明的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂,以双胍基共价有机框架材料为载体,负载钯或钯盐时,钯或钯盐呈纳米粒形式均匀分散于双胍基共价有机框架材料,有效地提高了催化剂负载量及催化性能;
(3)本发明的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂具有优异的催化性能和回收、循环使用性能,可成功应用于Suzuki偶联反应、Heck偶联反应、Sonogashira偶联反应等C-C偶联反应中。
附图说明
图1为COF-JNU-DG-01的固体核磁图;
图2为COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的红外光谱图;
图3为COF-JNU-DG-01的扫描电镜图;
图4为COF-JNU-DG-01的透射电镜图;
图5为Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的透射电镜图;
图6为COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的热重分析图;
图7为COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的氮气吸附-脱附曲线图;
图8为Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的循环使用性能测试图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和优选实施例对本发明作进一步说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例,下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。
本发明实施例所用试剂如下表1所示,但不以此为限:
表1
实施例1
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂(Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、COF单体1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯的合成
称取4-溴苯乙酮(1.99g,10mmol)加入反应瓶中,加热融化后再加入TsOH·H2O(0.27g,0.15eq),140~145℃氮气保护下加热反应16h。反应结束后,加入乙酸乙酯和水,静置过夜后萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析得淡黄色粉末,即为单体1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯。
S2、COF单体1,4-苯二双胍的合成
称取对苯二胺(2.62g,24mmol)、二氰二胺(4.1g,49mmol)、水(50mL)加入100mL反应瓶中,再加入HCl溶液(50mL,1M),加热回流3h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂,剩余固体立即用热乙醇处理,趁热过滤得到紫色固体,用乙醇洗涤两次,再用水-丙酮重结晶,得到较纯品,为淡紫色粉末,即为单体1,4-苯二双胍,可直接用于下步合成。
S3、双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-01的合成
称取单体1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯(0.181g,0.33mmol)、1,4-苯二双胍(0.138g,0.5mmol)、CuI(0.019g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.138g,1mmol)和DMSO(30mL)加入至50mL史莱克管中,氮气保护下80℃反应48h,反应结束后冷却,加入乙醇静置过夜、离心,分别用乙醇和水洗后真空干燥,得深棕色粉末,即为双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-01。
S4、Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的制备
将双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-01(0.048g)分散于醋酸钯(0.049g,0.22mmol)的二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液中,超声30min,室温下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01。
本发明对上述合成的双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-01及双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01进行了表征。
其中,图1所示为COF-JNU-DG-01的固体核磁图,图2为COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的红外光谱图,图1与图2表明了COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的成功合成。
图3为COF-JNU-DG-01的扫描电镜图,图4为COF-JNU-DG-01的透射电镜图,图5为Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的透射电镜图,从图3与图4中可以看出COF-JNU-DG-01为层状堆叠结构,从图5可以看出钯催化剂呈纳米粒形式均匀分散于COF-JNU-DG-01中,钯粒子直径约为6nm。
图6为COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的热重分析图,显示了COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的较好的热稳定性,从而确保了本发明的非均相催化剂在应用过程具备良好的稳定性。
图7为COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的的氮气吸附-脱附曲线图,表明了COF-JNU-DG-01与Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01具有较高的比表面积。此外,本发明还通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪分析得Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01中钯含量为12.24%,其具有高负载量的同时也提升了钯催化剂的催化性能。
实施例2
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂(Pd@COF-JNU-DG-02)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、COF单体2,4,6-三(4-碘苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成
称取4-碘苯腈(2.98g,13mmol)加入反应瓶中,再加入10mL氯仿作溶剂,在0℃下非常缓慢地滴加三氟甲烷磺酸(4mL,44.4mmol),1h后移至室温,氮气保护下搅拌24h。反应结束后加入20mL蒸馏水,再加入2M NaOH溶液中调节滤液pH至7左右,抽滤可得粗产物,经柱层析得淡黄色粉末,即为单体2,4,6-三(4-碘苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
S2、COF单体1,4-苯二双胍的合成
同实施例1中步骤S2的合成方法。
S3、双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-02的合成:称取单体2,4,6-三(4-碘苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(0.229g,0.33mmol)、1,4-苯二双胍(0.138g,0.5mmol)、CuI(0.019g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.138g,1mmol)、二氧六环(25mL)加入至50mL史莱克管中,氮气保护下100℃反应72h,反应结束后冷却,加入乙醇静置过夜、离心,分别用乙醇和水洗后真空干燥,得深棕色粉末,即为双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-02。
S4、Pd@COF-JNU-DG-02的制备
将双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-02(0.048g)分散于氯化钯(0.039g,0.22mmol)的二氯甲烷(100mL)溶液中,超声30min,室温下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-02。
实施例3
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂(Pd@COF-JNU-DG-03)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、COF单体1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯的合成
称取4-氨基苯乙酮(1.35g,10mmol)加入反应瓶中,加热融化后再加入TsOH·H2O(0.27g,0.15eq),140~145℃氮气保护下加热反应16h,反应结束后,加入乙酸乙酯和水,静置过夜后萃取,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析得黄色粉末,即为单体1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯。
S2、COF单体N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍的合成
称取4-碘苯胺(5.26g,24mmol)加入二氰胺钠(0.98g,11mmol)的沸水溶液中,搅拌10min,再加入50mL 1M HCl,回流3h,反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂,剩余固体立即用热乙醇处理,趁热过滤得到紫色固体,用乙醇洗涤两次,再用水-丙酮重结晶,得到纯品,为淡紫色粉末,即为单体N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍,可直接用于下步合成。
S3、双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-03的合成
称取单体1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯(0.117g,0.33mol)、N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍(0.253g,0.5mmol)、CuI(0.019g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.138g,1mmol)、DMSO(20mL)加入至50mL史莱克管中,氮气保护下100℃反应48h。反应结束后冷却,加入乙醇静置过夜、离心,分别用乙醇和水洗后真空干燥,得深棕色粉末,即为双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-03。
S4、Pd@COF-JNU-DG-03的制备
将双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-03(0.048g)分散于醋酸钯(0.049g,0.22mmol)的乙醇(100mL)溶液中,超声30min,室温下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-03。
实施例4
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂(Pd@COF-JNU-DG-04)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、COF单体2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成
称取4-氨基苯腈1.54g(13mmol)加入反应瓶中,再加入10mL氯仿作溶剂,在0℃下非常缓慢地滴加三氟甲烷磺酸(4mL,44.4mmol),1h后移至室温,氮气保护下搅拌24h,反应结束后加入20mL蒸馏水,再加入2M NaOH溶液中调节滤液pH至7左右,抽滤可得粗产物,蒸馏水洗涤五次以除去多余的NaOH,柱层析得淡黄色粉末,即为单体2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
S2、COF单体N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍的合成
同实施例3中步骤S2的合成方法。
S3、双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-04的合成
称取单体2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(0.118g,0.33mmol)、N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍(0.253g,0.5mmol)、CuI(0.019g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.138g,1mmol)、DMSO(20mL)加入至50mL史莱克管中,氮气保护下100℃反应48h。反应结束后冷却,加入乙醇静置过夜、离心,分别用乙醇和水洗后真空干燥,得深棕色粉末,即为双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-04。
S4、Pd@COF-JNU-DG-04的制备
将双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-04(0.048g)分散于氯化钯(0.039g,0.22mmol)的乙醇(100mL)溶液中,超声30min,室温下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-04。
实施例5
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂(Pd@COF-JNU-DG-05)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、COF单体N,N’-二(4-溴苯基)双胍的合成
称取4-溴苯胺(4.13g,24mmol)加入二氰胺钠(0.98g,11mmol)的沸水溶液中,搅拌10min,再加入50mL 1M HCl溶液,回流3h。反应结束后,旋蒸除去溶剂,剩余固体立即用热乙醇处理,趁热过滤得到白色固体,用乙醇洗涤两次,再用水-丙酮重结晶,得到纯品,为白色粉末,即单体N,N’-二(4-溴苯基)双胍,可直接用于下步合成。
S2、双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-05的合成
称取单体1,3,5-三氨基苯(0.041g,0.33mmol)、N,N’-二(4-溴苯基)双胍(0.206g,0.5mmol)、CuI(0.019g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.138g,1mmol)、DMSO(20mL)加入至50mL史莱克管中,氮气保护下100℃反应36h,反应结束后冷却,加入乙醇静置过夜、离心,分别用乙醇和水洗后真空干燥,得深棕色粉末,即为双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-05。
S3、Pd@COF-JNU-DG-05的制备
将双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-05(0.033g)分散于醋酸钯(0.049g,0.22mmol)的乙醇(60mL)溶液中,超声30min,50℃下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-05。
实施例6
一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂(Pd@COF-JNU-DG-06)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、COF单体N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍的合成
同实施例3中步骤S2的合成方法。
S2、双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-06的合成
称取单体三聚氰胺(0.042g,0.33mmol)、N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍(0.253g,0.5mmol)、CuI(0.019g,0.1mmol)、碳酸钾(0.138g,1mmol)、DMSO(20mL)加入至50mL史莱克管中,氮气保护下100℃反应48h,反应结束后冷却,加入乙醇静置过夜、离心,分别用乙醇和水洗后真空干燥,得深棕色粉末,即为双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-06。
S3、Pd@COF-JNU-DG-06的制备
将双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG-06(0.033g)分散于氯化钯(0.039g,0.22mmol)的乙醇(60mL)溶液中,超声30min,50℃下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-06。
实施例2~6所获得的产物同实施例1的方法进行固体核磁、红外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜、热重分析及氮气吸附-脱附的测定,获得了与实施例1近似的技术效果,也都具备良好的分散性和热稳定性、较高的比表面积。
实施例7
本发明的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂具有优异的催化性能和循环使用性能,可应用于Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应、Heck偶联反应、Sonogashira偶联反应等反应中。下面以本发明实施例1所制得的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应、Heck偶联反应以及Sonogashira偶联反应中的应用为例进行说明。
(1)双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01在Suzuki偶联反应中的应用:分别取4-溴苯乙酮(0.199g,1mmol)、苯硼酸(0.146g,1.2mmol)、碳酸钾(0.276g,2mmol)、0.2mol%Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01(0.0017g),加入反应瓶中,加入2mL乙醇,无需氮气保护,60℃下反应6min。反应结束后通过过滤分离并回收催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01;滤液旋干后用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,有机相柱层析分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯与石油醚,纯化后计算偶联产物的收率。将回收的催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01用乙醇洗涤几次,在真空干燥箱中干燥后于同样的条件下进行下一次循环催化,如此循环催化反应10次,计算每一次偶联产物的收率。
(2)双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01在Heck偶联反应的应用:分别取1-溴-4-硝基苯(0.202g,1mmol)、苯乙烯(0.125g,1.2mmol)、三乙胺(0.202g,2mmol)、0.5mol%Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01(0.0043g),加入反应瓶中,加入2mL DMF,无需氮气保护,100℃下反应30min。反应结束后通过过滤分离并回收催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01;滤液直接加入乙酸乙酯和水萃取,有机相柱层析分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯与石油醚,纯化后计算偶联产物的收率。将回收的催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01用乙醇洗涤几次,在真空干燥箱中干燥后于同样的条件下进行下一次循环催化,如此循环催化反应10次,计算每一次偶联产物的收率。
(3)双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01在Sonogashira偶联反应的应用:分别取1-溴-4-硝基苯(0.202g,1mmol)、苯乙烯(0.123g,1.2mmol)、三乙胺(0.202g,2mmol)、0.4mol%Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01(0.0035g),加入反应瓶中,加入2mL DMF,无需氮气保护,100℃下反应30min。反应结束后通过过滤分离并回收催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01;滤液直接加入乙酸乙酯和水萃取,有机相柱层析分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯与石油醚,纯化后计算偶联产物的收率。回收的催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01用乙醇洗涤几次,在真空干燥箱中干燥后于同样的条件下进行下一次循环催化,如此循环催化反应10次,计算每一次偶联产物的收率。
对比例1
氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物的制备:采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(grapheneoxide),取石墨(1.2g,10mmol)、硝酸钠(0.600g,0.7mmol)加入至95%硫酸(27mL)中,冰浴搅拌30min,再缓慢加入高锰酸钾(3.16g,20mmol),继续搅拌1小时之后移除冰浴,室温搅拌过夜。加入35mL水并升温至98℃搅拌10小时,然后加入30%过氧化氢(50mL)洗涤,再离心烘干可得氧化石墨烯。取0.05g氧化石墨烯,加入10mL水,超声分散30min后加入2%K2CO3溶液(5mL),搅拌8小时后离心,倾倒上清液并将沉降物用水洗涤。将洗涤后的沉降物分散于醋酸钯(0.049g,0.22mmol)的乙醇(60mL)溶液中,超声30min,50℃下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥得到氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物;经电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物中的钯含量为4.21%。
氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中的应用:分别取4-溴苯乙酮(0.199g,1mmol)、苯硼酸(0.146g,1.2mmol)、碳酸钾(0.276g,2mmol)、0.2mol%氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物(0.0050g),加入反应瓶中,加入2mL乙醇,无需氮气保护,60℃下反应6min。反应结束后通过过滤分离并回收氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物;滤液旋干后用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,有机相柱层析分离,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯与石油醚,纯化后计算偶联产物收率,回收的氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物用乙醇洗涤几次,在真空干燥箱中干燥后于同样的条件下进行下一次循环催化,如此循环催化反应10次,计算每一次偶联产物的收率。
将实施例7的双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应、Heck偶联反应以及Sonogashira偶联反应中循环催化反应10次的偶联产物的收率,以及对比例1的氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯复合物在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中循环催化反应10次的偶联产物的收率,如图8所示的收率与循环催化次数的柱形图,即Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01的循环使用性能测试图。从图8可以看出,Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01成功地应用于Suzuki偶联反应、Heck偶联反应、Sonogashira偶联反应中,其高收率体现了Pd@COF-JNU-DG-01具有优异的催化性能,且循环性能良好,循环使用10次以上,催化活性未明显减弱,从而明显优于相同条件下的氧化石墨烯-醋酸钯。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。凡依本发明申请专利范围未违背本发明涉及原则所做的均等变化、简化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括双胍基共价有机框架材料的合成及以双胍基共价有机框架材料为载体负载钯盐制得Pd@COF-JNU-DG;
其中,所述的双胍基共价有机框架材料COF-JNU-DG是由卤代芳烃和苯基双胍或芳香胺和含胍基卤代苯以摩尔比2:3,在有机溶剂中经N-原子取代反应后,将产物经乙醇、水反复洗涤后,真空干燥得到;
将上述合成的双COF-JNU-DG分散于氯化钯或醋酸钯的二氯甲烷或乙醇溶液中,超声混匀后室温下搅拌12~24h,过滤、洗涤、干燥后即得到Pd@COF-JNU-DG。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的卤代芳烃为1,3,5-三(4-溴苯基)苯、1,3,5-三(4-碘苯基)苯、2,4,6-三(4-溴苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪或2,4,6-三(4-碘苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种;
所述的苯基双胍为1,4-苯二双胍;
所述的芳香胺为1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯基)苯、2,4,6-三(4-氨基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三氨基苯、三聚氰胺中的一种;
所述的含胍基卤代苯为N,N’-二(4-碘苯基)双胍或N,N’-二(4-溴苯基)双胍。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氧六环中的一种或两种以上混合使用。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的N-原子取代反应的条件为:以碘化亚铜或溴化亚铜为催化剂,于80~100℃下,氮气保护,反应24~72h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种双胍基共价有机框架材料负载钯催化剂在Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应、Heck偶联反应和Sonogashira偶联反应中的应用。
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