CN112106981A - 一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,包括以下组份:灵芝、山药、党参、干姜、甘草。本发明同时公开了一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:S1、称取原料;S2、将原料粉碎,充分搅拌加水混合;S3、装袋、压实、灭菌,得到药性培养基质。S4、对药性培养基质接入灵芝母菌种培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,将所述药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。本发明制备方法稳定,适合大规模生产,市场前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物保健食品及其制备领域,具体涉及一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在竞争日益激烈的今天,人们的工作、生活节奏不断加快,现代人很容易就会进入疲劳状态。由于长期处于疲劳而得不到改善,使机体始终处于一种亚健康状态。疲劳能够大大损伤人体的体力、体能,使人感到疲惫、乏力,身体失衡,其主要原因除了身体的整体肌力不足(乏力)之外,整体活动的协调不足(不灵)也是重要的一个方面。
引起疲劳的原因有多种,其中一种为脾胃虚弱型疲劳。脾胃虚弱、脾阳不足,阴寒内盛,寒积中阻,身体倦怠,四肢不温,气短懒言,纳呆便溏等。现有的抗疲劳药物一般都是由虫草、人叁、淫羊藿、枸杞子、肉丛蓉、巴戟天等补肾补气的中药为主,这种抗疲劳药物对于脾胃虚弱型的疲劳者,由于虚不受补,不能有效通过脾胃进行吸收,所以起不到效果,有时甚至起反作用。
灵芝味甘,性温,入心、脾、肾、肺四经,是一种中外闻名的滋补保健珍品,有补虚健体、抗疲劳之效。自古以来就被誉为了起死回生的“仙草”。它具有广泛的药用价值。可以提高肝脏的排毒功能,还能用于治疗神经衰弱,失眠,慢性病等等症状。本草纲目也记载了,灵芝性平,没有毒副作用,因此灵芝是可以每日放心服用的。现代医学证明,灵芝富含的多种有效成份,对于以下人群都有非常好的日常保健和辅助治疗效果:1、长期处于亚健康状态,精神不振者;2、身体虚弱,免疫力低下,容易患病者;3、患有各种慢性病,需要长期服药治疗者。
灵芝属的子实体、菌丝体和孢子中含有多糖类、核苷类、呋喃类衍生物、甾酵类、生物碱类、蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸类、三萜类、倍半萜、有机锗、无机盐等。灵芝多糖是灵芝的主要有效成分之一,具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、降血糖、抗氧化、降血脂与抗衰老作用。灵芝所含三萜类不下百余种,其中以四环三萜类为主,灵芝的苦味与所含三萜类有关。三萜类也是灵芝的有效成分之一,对人肝癌细胞具有细胞毒作用,也能抑制组织胺的释放,具有保肝作用和具有抗过敏作用等。
人工栽培灵芝和灵芝菌丝体的活性成分在结构、生理作用上与野生资源一致,可替代野生灵芝。庄毅等首次提出双向发酵的概念,指出食药用真菌与含有活性成分的中药材进行发酵具有双向性,能产生1+1>2的生理效果,如专利200910058889.8《含有灵芝的发酵菌质混合物、制备方法及其应用》以灵芝和含有丹参的药性基质进行双向发酵,得到兼具丹参药材和灵芝真菌功效的菌质发酵终产物。
发明内容
针对目前并无同时缓解压力及抗疲劳的保健食品,本发明提供一种同时缓解压力及抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,同时提供该灵芝制剂的制备方法。
一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,包括以下组份:灵芝、山药、党参、干姜、甘草。
优选的,一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,它由以下重量份的组份组成:灵芝6-10份、山药8-10份、党参8-10份、干姜5-6份、甘草5-6份。
优选的,一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,它由以下重量份的组份组成:灵芝9份、山药9份、党参9份、干姜5份、甘草5份。
优选的,一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,所述灵芝制剂是通过灵芝母菌种与药性培养基质双向固体发酵的制备方法得到的。
优选的,一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,所述药性培养基质包含以下山药、党参、干姜和甘草。
一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取以下重量份的原料:玉米芯20-30份,麦麸20-30份,山药8-10份、党参8-10份、干姜5-6份、甘草5-6份;
S2、将上述原料粉碎,充分搅拌混合,加水,使含水量为38%-45%;
S3、装袋、压实,每袋装料500g-600g,中间打一个圆洞,封好袋口并扎紧,115℃-125℃灭菌2.5h-3.5h,或煮沸后保持24小时的常压灭菌,冷却后,得到药性培养基质;
S4、对药性培养基质无菌操作接入灵芝母菌种,将接好种的药性培养基质放在培养室内培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,将所述药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
优选的,步骤S4中,所述的灵芝母菌种的接种量为 5%-15%。
优选的,步骤S4中,所述的双向固体发酵的条件为:发酵温度在22-25℃,发酵时间在35-50天。
优选的,一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,以步骤S4制备的药性菌质为原料,粉碎后添加酵母粉、谷氨酸钠、水制成发酵培养基,接种乳酸菌进行液体深层发酵,制备具有抗疲劳功能的发酵液,再将发酵液制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,由以下重量份的组份组成:灵芝6-10份、山药8-10份、党参8-10份、干姜5-6份、甘草5-6份。
其中:山药具有补脾胃、生津、补肾的功效。山药的功效第一以补脾养胃的功效最为显著,用于脾胃虚弱,体倦、吃的少或泄泻。二是生津益肺,用于肺虚喘咳、虚劳咳嗽,消渴或烦热口渴。三是补肾涩精,用于肾虚遗精,小便多,带下等症。山药中有黏蛋白质,黏蛋白质可以防止黏蛋白质损伤,并且能够在胃蛋白酶的作用下保护胃壁,预防胃溃疡和胃炎。山药中还含有淀粉酶,可以帮助脾胃消化,增进食欲。
灵芝味甘,性温,入心、脾、肾、肺四经,是一种中外闻名的滋补保健珍品,有补虚健体、抗疲劳之效。自古以来就被誉为了起死回生的“仙草”。它具有广泛的药用价值。现代医学证明,灵芝富含的多种有效成份,对于以下人群都有非常好的日常保健和辅助治疗效果:1、长期处于亚健康状态,精神不振者;2、身体虚弱,免疫力低下,容易患病者;3、患有各种慢性病,需要长期服药治疗者。
本方以山药、灵芝配为君药,用山药补脾养胃,用灵芝补虚健体、抗疲劳;以干姜为臣药,干姜温中助阳;以党参为佐药,党参益气养血,使邪去而又不伤正为佐。甘草既助党参益气,又可调和诸药为使。诸药协力,补脾益胃,去寒祛邪,阳气上行,脾胃复壮,体健疲消。
本发明根据灵芝具有抗疲劳功能,山药具有补脾养胃功能,二者配伍对脾胃虚弱型的疲劳者具有显著健脾胃、抗疲劳的功能,本发明枯提供了一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的同时,提出以玉米芯、麦麸、山药、党参、干姜、甘草为原料制备药性培养基质,无菌操作接入灵芝母菌种,将接好种的药性培养基质放在培养室内培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,再将药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳灵芝制剂。本发明不仅能对易疲劳者产生1+1>2的生理功效,既具能补脾养胃、又能补虚健体、抗疲劳,还可将药性培养基质中的大分子降解为小分子,更易吸收、利用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。以下没有特别说明的情况下,百分数均是指重量百分数。
实施例1
1、制备抗疲劳的灵芝制剂:
①药性培养基质的制作
配方:玉米芯20份,麦麸20份,山药8份、党参8份、干姜5份、甘草5份。
配制方法:按配方比例将各组分混合、粉碎,加水至水分重量含量为38%,装袋、压实,每袋装料500g-600g,中间打一个圆洞,封好袋口并扎紧,115℃灭菌3.5h,冷却后,得到药性培养基质。
②接种发酵
将灵芝母菌种通过无菌操作接入到药性培养基质内,所述的灵芝母菌种的接种量为5%,将接好种的药性培养基质放在培养室内培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,发酵温度在22℃,发酵时间在50天,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,将所述药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳灵芝制剂。
2、乳酸菌液体深层发酵:
①发酵培养基制作
配方:药性菌质30g、酵母粉5g,谷氨酸钠13g,水1100g;
配制方法:按配方比例将药性菌质、酵母粉、谷氨酸钠溶于水,添加醋酸和醋酸钠配制成pH为5.5的缓冲液,123℃灭菌30min,得到发酵培养基;
②接种发酵
将植物乳杆菌按接种到发酵培养基中,所述植物乳杆菌的加入的体积量为发酵培养基体积的1%,26-28℃静置培养70-90h,制备具有发酵液,再将发酵液经过过滤、浓缩、喷雾干燥、制粒、灌装制成胶囊或压片制成片剂等不同剂型的抗疲劳灵芝制剂。
实施例2
1、制备抗疲劳的灵芝制剂:
①药性培养基质的制作
配方:玉米芯30份,麦麸30份,山药10份、党参10份、干姜6份、甘草6份。
配制方法:按配方比例将各组分混合、粉碎,加水至水分重量含量为45%,装袋、压实,每袋装料500g-600g,中间打一个圆洞,封好袋口并扎紧,125℃灭菌2.5h,冷却后,得到药性培养基质。
②接种发酵
将灵芝母菌种通过无菌操作接入到药性培养基质内,所述的灵芝母菌种的接种量为15%,将接好种的药性培养基质放在培养室内培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,发酵温度在23℃,发酵时间在40天,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,将所述药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
2、乳酸菌液体深层发酵:
①发酵培养基制作
配方:药性菌质30g、酵母粉5g,谷氨酸钠16g,水1000g;
配制方法:按配方比例将药性菌质、酵母粉、谷氨酸钠溶于水,添加醋酸和醋酸钠配制成pH为5.5的缓冲液,123℃灭菌30min,得到发酵培养基;
②接种发酵
将植物乳杆菌按接种到发酵培养基中,所述植物乳杆菌的加入的体积量为发酵培养基体积的1%,26-28℃静置培养70-90h,制备具有发酵液,再将发酵液制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
实施例3
1、制备抗疲劳的灵芝制剂:
①药性培养基质的制作
配方:玉米芯25份,麦麸25份,山药9份、党参9份、干姜5份、甘草5份。
配制方法:按配方比例将各组分混合、粉碎,加水至水分重量含量为38%-45%,装袋、压实,每袋装料500g-600g,中间打一个圆洞,封好袋口并扎紧,115℃-125℃灭菌2.5h-3.5h,冷却后,得到药性培养基质。
②接种发酵
将灵芝母菌种通过无菌操作接入到药性培养基质内,所述的灵芝母菌种的接种量为10%,将接好种的药性培养基质放在培养室内培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,发酵温度在23℃,发酵时间在45天,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,将所述药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
2、乳酸菌液体深层发酵:
①发酵培养基制作
配方:药性菌质30g、酵母粉4g,谷氨酸钠12g,水900g;
配制方法:按配方比例将药性菌质、酵母粉、谷氨酸钠溶于水,添加醋酸和醋酸钠配制成pH为5.5的缓冲液,123℃灭菌30min,得到发酵培养基;
②接种发酵
将植物乳杆菌按接种到发酵培养基中,所述植物乳杆菌的加入的体积量为发酵培养基体积的1%,26-28℃静置培养70-90h,制备具有发酵液,再将发酵液制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
以下通过毒理及功能试验来进一步说明本发明。由于本发明的片剂胶囊除剂型、辅料不同外,两者的主要原料、每日服用量、功效成分都相同,不影响产品的安全和功能。故以下针对胶囊进行毒理和功能试验。
1、毒理试验:
试验目的:检验产品是否具有毒性
试验材料:实施例3制得的胶囊。
样品:人体口服推荐摄入量为每日两次,每次两粒,0.5g/粒,(体重按60kg计),折合剂量0.03g/kg·bw。
实验动物:清洁级ICR小鼠、SD大鼠及饲料。
饲养条件:温度20-25℃、相对湿度40%-70%的屏障系统。
试验方法:
小鼠急性经口毒性试验:取实施例3制得的胶囊,用无菌水配制成0.500g/mL,按最大灌胃量20mL/kg·bw一日内二次性灌胃给养,受试物给予剂量为20.0g/kg·bw。
Ames试验:取实施例3制得的胶囊,用无菌水配制成0.500g/mL,为5000ug/皿的剂量,试验设5个剂量,1000、200、40、8ug/皿4个剂量用无菌水按一定倍比逐级稀释配制成10、2、0.4、0.08mg/mL,加样量均为0.1mL/皿,加入0.1mL/皿,同时设阳性、阴性及溶剂对照,计数每皿回变菌落数。
小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验:以40mg/kg·bw剂量的环磷酰胺为阳性对照,无菌水为阴性对照,试验组3个剂量分别为10.0g/kg·bw、5.0g/kg·bw、2.5g/kg·bw,取实施例3制得的胶囊用无菌水配制成0.5、0.25、0.125g/mL,以20mL/kg·bw灌胃2次,采用30h给受试物法,两次给样间隔24h,第二次给样6h后处死动物,取胸骨常规制片、镜检、每鼠计数1000个骨髓嗜多染红细胞,观察含微核的嗜多染红细胞并观察微核发生率。
小鼠精子畸形试验:以40mg/kg·bw剂量的环磷酰胺为阳性对照,无菌水为阴性对照,试验组3个剂量分别为10.0g/kg·bw、5.0g/kg·bw、2.5g/kg·bw,取实施例3制得的胶囊用无菌水配制成0.5、0.25、0.125g/mL,以20mL/kg·bw灌胃,每天1次,连续5d。于首次给样后的第35天处死动物,取两侧附睾精子滤液按常规制片、镜检,每鼠计数1000个完整的精子,计算精子畸形发生率。
30天喂养试验:实施例3制得的胶囊人体推荐量1.4g/人/天,按人体推荐量的30、65、100倍设0.70g/kg·bw/d、1.52g/kg·bw/d、2.33g/kg·bw/d设三个剂量组,另设一个空白对照组0g/kg·bw,受试样品掺入基础饲料中饲喂大鼠,连续喂养30天,每周称1次体重和2次食物摄入量,计算每周及总的食物利用率,每天观察有无中毒变现和死亡,试验结束观察血液学、血液生化、脏器系数指标,并进行病理学检查。
试验结果:
1、急性经口毒性试验结果:受试样品对雌雄性小鼠急性经口的最大耐受量(MTD)均大于20.0g/kg·bw,属无毒级。
2、三项遗传毒性试验结果:Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。
3、30天喂养试验结果:实验期间,动物生长发育良好,各剂量组体重、食物利用率、脏器重量、脏器系数均无异常改变,血液学指标与生化各项指标均在正常范围,各脏器病理学检查均未见与受试品相关的病理改变、给予人体推荐量100倍的受试物未观察到有害作用。
2、抗疲劳功能试验:
试验目的:检验产品是否具有抗疲劳的功能
试验材料:实施例3制得的胶囊。
样品:人体口服推荐摄入量为每日两次,每次两粒,每粒0.5g/粒(体重按60kg计),0.03g/kg·bw,取胶囊内容物进行试验。
实验动物:清洁级ICR小鼠及饲料。
饲养条件:温度20-25℃、相对湿度40%-70%的屏障系统。
实验动物:清洁级ICR小鼠、SD大鼠及饲料。
饲养条件:温度20-25℃、相对湿度40%-70%的屏障系统。
试验方法:按照《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)评价标准进行动物实验,设低、中、高3个剂量和阴性对照组(无菌水),低、中、高3个剂量组分别相当于人用最大推荐剂量的5倍、10倍、30倍,即0.15g/kg·bw/d,0.30g/kg·bw/d,0.90g/kg·bw/d,低、中、高3个剂量配制浓度分别为15、30、90mg/mL。经口每日一次给予小鼠相应剂量的受试物,小鼠灌胃量为10mL/kg·bw,连续灌胃一个月后观测游泳实验结果,以及血乳酸以及肝糖原值。
具体实验结果数据如下:
表1实施例3制得胶囊对小鼠游泳时间的影响
注:与阴性对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表2实施例3制得胶囊对游泳前后小鼠血乳酸值的影响
注:与阴性对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
表3实施例3制得胶囊对小鼠游泳后肝糖原时间的影响
注:与阴性对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01 。
试验结果:经口给小鼠0.15g/kg·bw/d,0.30g/kg·bw/d,0.90g/kg·bw/d低、中、高3个剂量的受试样品,中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间明显长于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.0l);游泳后0min高、中,低剂量组小鼠血乳酸明显低于对照组(P<0.01),游泳后30min中、高组小鼠血乳酸明显低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.0l);游泳后高、中剂量组小鼠肝糖原明显高于对照组(P<0.05)说明该样品具有抗疲劳的功能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构、原理前提下的若干改进和修饰,也应视为在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,包括以下组份:灵芝、山药、党参、干姜、甘草。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,它由以下重量份的组份组成:灵芝6-10份、山药8-10份、党参8-10份、干姜5-6份、甘草5-6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,它由以下重量份的组份组成:灵芝9份、山药9份、党参9份、干姜5份、甘草5份。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,所述灵芝制剂是通过灵芝母菌种与药性培养基质双向固体发酵的制备方法得到的。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂,其特征在于,所述药性培养基质包含以下山药、党参、干姜和甘草。
6.一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、称取以下重量份的原料:玉米芯20-30份,麦麸20-30份,山药8-10份、党参8-10份、干姜5-6份、甘草5-6份;
S2、将上述原料粉碎,充分搅拌混合,加水,使含水量为38%-45%;
S3、装袋、压实,每袋装料500g-600g,中间打一个圆洞,封好袋口并扎紧,115℃-125℃灭菌2.5h-3.5h,或煮沸后保持24小时的常压灭菌,冷却后,得到药性培养基质;
S4、对药性培养基质无菌操作接入灵芝母菌种,将接好种的药性培养基质放在培养室内培养,使灵芝母菌种进行双向固体发酵,制备出具有抗疲劳功能的药性菌质,将所述药性菌质制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述的灵芝母菌种的接种量为 5%-15%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述的双向固体发酵的条件为:发酵温度在22-25℃,发酵时间在35-50天。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种抗疲劳的灵芝制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,以步骤S4制备的药性菌质为原料,粉碎后添加酵母粉、谷氨酸钠、水制成发酵培养基,接种乳酸菌进行液体深层发酵,制备具有抗疲劳功能的发酵液,再将发酵液制备成不同剂型的抗疲劳的灵芝制剂。
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