CN112106789B - Application of delphinium ethyl acetate extract in preventing and treating diamond back moth - Google Patents
Application of delphinium ethyl acetate extract in preventing and treating diamond back moth Download PDFInfo
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- CN112106789B CN112106789B CN202010954475.XA CN202010954475A CN112106789B CN 112106789 B CN112106789 B CN 112106789B CN 202010954475 A CN202010954475 A CN 202010954475A CN 112106789 B CN112106789 B CN 112106789B
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- 241000202296 Delphinium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 241000500437 Plutella xylostella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 240000000399 Delphinium grandiflorum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 241000500441 Plutellidae Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002137 ultrasound extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 15
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 240000005790 Oroxylum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012920 Oroxylum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000500439 Plutella Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000088415 Raphanus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006140 Raphanus sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021167 banquet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006273 synthetic pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000004371 toothache Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/32—Ranunculaceae [Buttercup family], e.g. hepatica, hydrastis or goldenseal
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses application of an ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum in preventing and treating plutella xylostella, and belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides. The variety of the Plutella xylostella is Plutella xylostella (L.), and the concentration of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract is 3.125-50 mg/ml, and the delphinium ethyl acetate extract is specifically used as a contact insecticide to control the Plutella xylostella. The invention adopts the delphinium ethyl acetate extract to control the plutella xylostella for the first time, and experiments show that the delphinium ethyl acetate extract has obvious insecticidal effect on the vegetable pest plutella xylostella. Specifically, the prepared contact insecticide is prepared by taking delphinium seeds as raw materials and using an ultrasonic extraction method, shows good contact killing effect on plutella xylostella, is an agriculturally ideal plant source pesticide for killing the plutella xylostella, is derived from plants, is easy to degrade in nature, is safe to the environment, and is not easy to generate drug resistance by pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides, and particularly relates to an application of an ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum in preventing and controlling diamondback moths.
Background
Plutella xylostella (Plutella xylostella) is a lepidoptera Plutella insect pest, and mainly harms Brassicaceae vegetables such as cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radish, etc. Diamondback moth larvae are usually gathered in heart leaves to eat mesophyll, so that the leaves have holes and notches, and when serious harm is caused, the whole leaves are eaten in a net shape, thereby influencing the commodity of vegetables. The control of diamondback moths for a long time in China mainly depends on chemical pesticide means, and over-dependence on a single prevention and control method causes many problems, for example, the drug resistance of the diamondback moths is increased year by year, and the use of chemical pesticides also forms potential threats to the environment and human health. Meanwhile, along with the development of social economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the health and environmental awareness of people is gradually improved. Therefore, effective pest management methods must be explored to control diamondback moth populations. Compared with the traditional chemical synthetic pesticide, the plant source pesticide has different action modes, has high safety, no environmental pollution and no residue on agricultural products, is more and more accepted by people, and becomes a new development direction of agricultural pest control at present. Delphinium (C onsolida ajacis (L.) Schur) also named as pigeon flower, stemona, oroxylum indicum, etc., the whole herb and seed can be used as medicine for curing toothache, and the stem and leaf soaking juice can be used for killing parasite. The delphinium grandiflorum has unique flower shape and elegant color, and can be used as cut flower for wedding feast, banquet, student graduation ceremony, etc.
At present, for example, patent CN201611251881.X discloses a plant pesticide, its preparation method and application, wherein the liquid medicine contains 10-30 parts of delphinium. The Chinese herbal medicine composition has no pollution and residue in the using process, and has good prevention and treatment effect on the plant diseases and insect pests of the Chinese cabbage. For another example, patent CN201710838511.4 discloses a high-efficiency low-toxicity garden plant-derived pesticide and a preparation method thereof, wherein the garden plant-derived pesticide contains 6-12 parts of delphinium. The pesticide can not pollute soil, water sources and crops in the using process, can be degraded in the natural environment, can not damage people and livestock, can not cause drug resistance of pests, and has lasting pesticide effect and good pesticide effect.
However, no patents related to the delphinium grandiflorum are found in the aspect of insect-resistant application so far, and no report is provided about the separation of the delphinium grandiflorum and the further chemical components of the delphinium grandiflorum.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problem that the existing delphinium ethyl acetate extract is not applied to the control of diamondback moths, the invention provides the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract to the control of the diamondback moths, and experiments prove that the delphinium ethyl acetate extract has an obvious insecticidal effect on the vegetable pest diamondback moths.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
The ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum is used for preventing and treating diamondback moth.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in preventing and controlling diamondback moth, the variety of the diamondback moth is Plutella xylostella (L.).
The delphinium ethyl acetate extract is applied to the control of diamondback moths, and the delphinium ethyl acetate extract is applied to the control of the diamondback moths as a contact insecticide.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in the prevention and treatment of diamond back moths, the concentration of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract is 3.125mg/ml-50 mg/ml.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in the prevention and treatment of diamond back moths, the preparation method of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract comprises the following steps: pretreating delphinium seeds, then crushing and sieving to obtain powder; soaking the powder in an ethyl acetate solvent, standing after ultrasonic treatment, carrying out vacuum filtration, collecting filtrate obtained by the filtration, simultaneously continuing to extract filter residue obtained by the filtration with the ethyl acetate solvent, finally combining and collecting the filtrate obtained by the extraction, and then carrying out reduced pressure concentration to obtain the product.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in the prevention and treatment of diamond back moths, the pretreatment is to clean delphinium seeds with clear water, drain the seeds, and then place the seeds in an oven for low-temperature drying.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in preventing and treating diamond back moth, the mass ratio of the powder to the ethyl acetate solvent is 1: 10.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in the prevention and treatment of diamond back moths, the ultrasonic time is 30min, and the standing time is 7 d.
In the application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in preventing and treating diamond back moth, the reduced pressure concentration equipment is a rotary evaporator.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the delphinium ethyl acetate extract to control the plutella xylostella for the first time, and experiments show that the delphinium ethyl acetate extract has obvious insecticidal effect on the vegetable pest plutella xylostella. Specifically, the prepared contact insecticide is prepared by taking delphinium seeds as raw materials and using an ultrasonic extraction method, shows good contact killing effect on plutella xylostella, is an agriculturally ideal plant source pesticide for killing the plutella xylostella, is derived from plants, is easy to degrade in nature, is safe to the environment, and is not easy to generate drug resistance by pests.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Contact killing effect of delphinium asiaticum ethyl acetate extract as contact killing agent on diamondback moth
1. Test insects
And (3) diamondback moth: provided by insect rearing rooms of the university of agriculture in Anhui. The diamondback moth is cultured under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 75-80%, and the illumination condition is that L to D is 16: raising in an incubator for 8 h. Healthy third instar larvae with consistent ontogeny are selected for testing.
2. Test Feiyan ethyl acetate extract
The ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum can be obtained by the following method.
The delphinium seed is purchased from the large market of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Bozhou. Cleaning delphinium seeds with clear water, draining, and drying in an oven at low temperature; crushing the dried seeds by a crusher and sieving; according to the powder: soaking the solvent in ethyl acetate at a ratio of 1: 10, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, standing for 7d, performing vacuum filtration, collecting the filtrate, and leaching the residue with ethyl acetate for three times; mixing the filtrates, collecting, concentrating under reduced pressure in rotary evaporator to obtain delphinium ethyl acetate extract, collecting, and refrigerating in 4 deg.C refrigerator for use.
3. Test method
The insect-soaking method is adopted. The delphinium ethyl acetate extract is prepared into five liquid medicines to be detected with five gradient concentrations of 3.125mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml by using Tween-80 aqueous solution. Selecting complete cabbage leaves, moisturizing the leaf stalks with absorbent cotton balls added with water, and wrapping with a sealing film. Selecting tested insects with basically consistent growth conditions, soaking the tested insects in medicaments with different concentrations for 5-10s, sucking redundant liquid medicines on the insects by using filter paper, selecting the tested insects in a culture dish containing cabbage leaves after the insects are dried, and repeating the steps for three times by 30 heads in each dish. The control group was Tween-80 aqueous solution containing no drug solution. The treated group and the control group are placed in an insect-raising incubator, and the death condition of the tested insects is recorded for 24h, 48h and 72h of treatment respectively.
TABLE 1 insect-immersion test results
From table 1, it can be seen that the ethyl acetate extract of delphinium has an obvious contact poisoning effect on plutella xylostella. After 24 hours of treatment, the mortality rate of the test insects using Tween-80 aqueous solution as a control is 1.11%, the mortality rate of each concentration of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract is greater than that of the control, and the contact killing effect is obviously enhanced along with the increase of the treatment dosage. When the treatment concentration is 50mg/ml, the mortality of the tested insects is increased along with the increase of time, and the maximum mortality is 93.33% after 72 hours of treatment, so that the ethyl acetate extract of the delphinium grandiflorum prepared in example 1 has a good effect of controlling the plutella xylostella.
Example 2
Potiria delphinii ethyl acetate extract as stomach poison agent for stomach poison of diamondback moth
1. Test insects
And (3) diamondback moth: provided by insect rearing rooms of the university of agriculture in Anhui. The diamondback moth is cultured under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 75% -80%, and the illumination condition is L: d ═ 16: raising in an incubator for 8 h. Healthy third instar larvae with consistent ontogeny are selected for testing.
2. Test Feiyan ethyl acetate extract
The ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum can be obtained by the following method.
The delphinium seed is purchased from the large market of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Bozhou. Cleaning delphinium seeds with clear water, draining, and drying in an oven at low temperature; crushing the dried seeds by a crusher and sieving; soaking the powder and the solvent in an ethyl acetate solvent according to the ratio of 1: 10, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, standing for 7d, performing vacuum filtration, collecting filtrate obtained after filtration, and simultaneously continuously leaching filter residue obtained after filtration with ethyl acetate, wherein the operation is repeated for three times; mixing the filtrates, collecting, concentrating under reduced pressure in rotary evaporator to obtain delphinium ethyl acetate extract, collecting, and refrigerating in 4 deg.C refrigerator for use.
3. Test method
The growth inhibition of diamondback moth larvae is determined by a feeding method. Fresh cabbage leaves with the diameter of 5cm are respectively immersed into delphinium extract with the concentration of 3.125mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml to serve as a treatment group, are immersed into Tween-80 aqueous solution to serve as a control, are taken out and aired after being immersed for 2s, the immersed diamondback moth larvae are placed into a culture dish with the diameter of 9cm (filter paper sprayed with distilled water is filled in the culture dish for moisturizing the test environment), and are inoculated into diamondback moth larvae which just enter 3 years (same batch) and are subjected to hunger treatment for 4 hours for 30 times, and the steps are repeated for 3 times. Weighing diamondback moths of different test groups once every 24 hours, replacing corresponding cabbage leaves, testing for 3 days to obtain the average weight of a single moth, and calculating the growth inhibition rate according to the weight change of diamondback moth larvae at different time.
TABLE 2 feeding method test results
As can be seen from Table 2, the ethyl acetate extracts of delphinium grandiflorum with different concentrations showed significant weight change and showed good growth inhibition when fed to plutella xylostella. From the aspect of growth inhibition rate, the larger the concentration of the ethyl delphinium acetate extract is, the larger the growth inhibition rate of the larvae of diamondback moth is, the more obvious the inhibition effect is, the different concentration difference is obvious at the same time, and the growth inhibition rate is the highest when the larvae grow to the 3 rd stage along with the increase of time, and the growth inhibition rates of the ethyl delphinium acetate extract are respectively 25.29%, 35.26%, 43.22%, 52.10% and 66.29% at the concentrations of 3.125mg/ml, 6.25mg/ml, 12.5mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 50 mg/ml.
While the invention has been described in further detail in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various other modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The application of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract in preventing and controlling diamond back moths is characterized in that:
the ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum is used as a contact insecticide for preventing and treating diamond back moth;
the concentration of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract is 3.125mg/ml-50mg/ml, and the variety of the diamondback moth isPlutella xylostella(L.)。
2. The use of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract as claimed in claim 1 for controlling diamondback moth, wherein:
the preparation method of the delphinium ethyl acetate extract comprises the following steps: pretreating delphinium seeds, then crushing and sieving to obtain powder; soaking the powder in an ethyl acetate solvent, standing after ultrasonic treatment, carrying out vacuum filtration, collecting filtrate obtained by the filtration, simultaneously continuing to extract filter residue obtained by the filtration with the ethyl acetate solvent, finally combining and collecting the filtrate obtained by the extraction, and then carrying out reduced pressure concentration to obtain the product.
3. The use of an ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum as claimed in claim 2 for the control of diamondback moth, wherein:
the pretreatment is to wash the delphinium seeds with clear water, drain the delphinium seeds, and then place the delphinium seeds into an oven for low-temperature drying.
4. The use of an ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum as claimed in claim 2 for the control of diamondback moth, wherein:
the mass ratio of the powder to the ethyl acetate solvent is 1: 10.
5. the use of an ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum as claimed in claim 2 for the control of diamondback moth, wherein:
the ultrasonic time is 30min, and the standing time is 7 d.
6. The use of an ethyl acetate extract of delphinium grandiflorum as claimed in claim 2 for the control of diamondback moth, wherein:
the equipment for decompression concentration is a rotary evaporator.
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| 毛茛科植物的农药活性及成分;周利娟 等;《江西农业大学学报》;20171231;第39卷(第2期);第261-271页 * |
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