CN112079684B - 具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112079684B CN112079684B CN202011041193.7A CN202011041193A CN112079684B CN 112079684 B CN112079684 B CN 112079684B CN 202011041193 A CN202011041193 A CN 202011041193A CN 112079684 B CN112079684 B CN 112079684B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体地,涉及具有聚集诱导发光效应的具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
柱芳烃是近些年发展起来的一类全新的大环分子,和传统的大环分子相比较,柱芳烃具备以下的特点与优势:第一,在合成方面,柱芳烃的合成方法及衍生化修饰简单;第二,经修饰后的柱芳烃,在很多不同的溶剂,例如水、甲醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷中的溶解性良好,为柱芳烃在不同领域中的应用提供了保障;第三,柱芳烃拥有刚性且富电子空腔,可以识别和结合多种客体分子。近年来,基于柱芳烃的主客体化学被广泛应用于分子识别、传感、细胞成像、药物输送等生物领域。
经研究发现,聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象,可以避免传统的有机发光化合物中存在的聚集诱导荧光猝灭(ACQ)效应,为超分子荧光材料提供了新的途径。目前,AIE效应已被广泛应用于生物检测、生化过程示踪、组织器官成像等生物领域。
与传统的纳米药物载体相比,通过主客体相互作用构建的超分子纳米递药体系不仅可有效提高药物装载效率、避免结繁琐的制备过程,而且可逆自组装过程可以实现特定条件下可控释放抗癌药物,但目前大部分的递药体系缺乏追踪药物释放和检测肿瘤组织分布的能力,无法实现治疗过程及时可视化,因此基于主客体作用制备的纳米载药材料仍存在极大的发展空间。将AIE效应与柱芳烃优异的化学性质进行有效结合,通过荧光信号监测体系中超分子组装作用过程,实现体系应用简便可视化,因此在生物领域有着广阔的应用前景。
柱芳烃的修饰通常都是利用其酚羟基来实现的,但通过对亚甲基进行修饰的报道几乎未见太多报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物及其制备方法与应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下方案实现的:
本发明的第一方面提供一种具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物,所述柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物具有以下结构通式:
优选地,所述柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物具有结构通式(b)时,R1=OCH2CH2Br、R2=H或者R1=H;R2=H。
本发明的第二方面提供一种具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的制备方法,所述柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物具有以下结构通式:
其中,R1=OCH2CH2Br或H;R2=OCH2CH2Br或H,制备方法包括如下步骤:
S2、将化合物2加入有机溶剂中,在氧化剂的作用下,发生氧化反应得到化合物3;
S3、将化合物3加入有机溶剂中,在四氯化钛和锌粉的作用下,与二苯甲酮进行偶联反应得到结构通式(a)所示的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物4;
若将化合物3加入有机溶剂中,在四氯化钛和锌粉的作用下,化合物3自身反应得到结构通式(b)所示的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物5。化合物3的取代基可以相同可以不同。
优选地,步骤S1中,引发剂为2,2’-偶氮双(异丁腈),有机溶剂为四氯化碳,化合物1与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的摩尔比为1:0.7~1:1.5,化合物1与2,2’-偶氮双(异丁腈)的摩尔比为1:0.02~1:0.05。
优选地,步骤S2中,氧化剂为重铬酸吡啶鎓或二氧化锰,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷,化合物2与重铬酸吡啶鎓的摩尔比为1:2~1:5。
优选地,步骤S3中,有机溶剂为四氢呋喃,制备化合物4时,化合物3与二苯甲酮的摩尔比为1:8~1:12,化合物3与锌粉的摩尔比为1:30~1:60,化合物3与四氯化钛的摩尔比为1:15~1:25;制备化合物5时,化合物3与锌粉的摩尔比为1:4~1:60,化合物3与四氯化钛的摩尔比为1:2~1:50。
(a)以乙腈或丙酮为溶剂,将对苯二酚二羟乙基醚、三苯基膦混合,加入四溴化碳后得到1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯;对苯二酚二羟乙基醚与三苯基膦摩尔比为1:2~1:4,对苯二酚二羟乙基醚与四溴化碳摩尔比为1:2~1:4;
(b)将1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯加入二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷中,三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂,与三聚甲醛或多聚甲醛于室温搅拌反应得到化合物1R1=OCH2CH2Br;1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯与三聚甲醛摩尔比为1:1~1:1.3。
步骤A:将1,4-二甲氧基苯与多聚甲醛按照摩尔比1:3加入到二氯甲烷或三氯甲烷中,在催化剂三氟化硼乙醚的作用下,反应得到化合物A二甲氧基柱[5]芳烃;
步骤B:在N2保护下,将二甲氧基柱[5]芳烃与三溴化硼按照摩尔比1:3加入到三氯甲烷,反应得到化合物B二羟基柱[5]芳烃;
步骤C:在N2保护下,将二羟基柱[5]芳烃与碳酸钾按照摩尔比1:25加入到乙腈中,通入硫酰氟气体,反应得到白色固体得到化合物C。
步骤D:在N2保护下,将化合物C、醋酸铅与1,3-双(二苯基膦)按照摩尔比1:0.8:1加入到二甲基亚砜中,依次加入三乙胺、甲酸,反应得到化合物1R1=H,其中,三乙胺、甲酸与化合物C摩尔比为50:50:1。
用化合物4或化合物5制备阳离子型水溶性柱[5]芳烃(化合物6)的合成方法如下:将化合物4或5加入到三甲胺的醇溶液(或吡啶、咪唑溶液),溶剂为四氢呋喃,回流36h,洗涤,得到化合物6,化合物4或化合物5与三甲胺的摩尔比为1:2~1:6。
本发明的第三方面提供一种上述具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物在药物载体上的应用,所述药物载体包括具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物和前药客体。
优选地,所述前药客体结构如下:
柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的合成路线如下:
其中,化合物5中的R1和R2可以是相同的取代基,也可以是不同的取代基。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、本发明得到的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物具有优异的聚集诱导发光效应,并且含有多个识别位点和富电性空腔,利用其自身的AIE的效应和超分子组装可实现荧光精确调控,在纳米药物递送和诊断治疗等领域具有广泛的应用。
2、本发明方法通过对柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的meso位进行功能化修饰得到一系列具有AIE效应的单环和双环型柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物。通过在柱芳烃苯环单体上下边缘引入不同的官能团,可形成阳离子水溶性柱芳烃(官能团包括末端为:叔胺基、季胺盐、吡啶盐、咪唑盐等基团)、阴离子水溶性柱芳烃(官能团包括末端为:羧酸盐、磺酸盐、磷酸盐、咪唑盐等基团)、以及脂溶性柱芳烃(官能团包括末端为烷基,羟基、氰基、胺基等功能基团)。
3、本发明方法通过采用四苯乙烯的结构单元模式,实现对柱芳烃桥连亚甲基的修饰,这种修饰可以改变柱芳烃传统骨架,使其拥有传统柱芳烃不具有的特性。尤其四苯乙烯是典型具有聚集诱导发光特性的分子,因此利用它的结构模式,得到的四苯乙烯嵌入柱芳烃骨架的具有聚集诱导发光增强的柱芳烃,可以进一步提升量子产率。通过这种分子设计,可以将具有聚集诱导发光特性的四苯乙烯与柱芳烃的主客体作用结合起来,为新型功能化大环化合物的构建提供新的思路。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1是实施例1中化合物1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯的1H NMR谱图;
图2是实施例1中化合物1a的1H NMR谱图;
图3是实施例1中化合物2a的1H NMR谱图;
图4是实施例1中化合物3a的1H NMR谱图;
图5是实施例1中化合物4a的1H NMR谱图;
图6是实施例1中化合物6的1H NMR谱图;
图7是实施例1中化合物2a的13C NMR谱图;
图8是实施例1中化合物3a的13C NMR谱图;
图9是实施例1中化合物4a的13C NMR谱图;
图10是实施例1中化合物6的13C NMR谱图;
图11是实施例1中化合物2a的高分辨质谱谱图;
图12是实施例1中化合物3a的高分辨质谱谱图;
图13是实施例1中化合物4a的高分辨质谱谱图;
图14是实施例1中化合物6的高分辨质谱谱图。
图15是实施例2中化合物2b的1H NMR谱图;
图16是实施例2中化合物3b的1H NMR谱图;
图17是实施例2中化合物4b的1H NMR谱图;
图18是实施例4中化合物5b的1H NMR谱图;
图19是实施例2中化合物2b的13C NMR谱图;
图20是实施例2中化合物3b的13C NMR谱图;
图21是实施例2中化合物4b的13C NMR谱图;
图22是实施例4中化合物5b的13C NMR谱图;
图23是实施例2中化合物2b的高分辨质谱谱图;
图24是实施例2中化合物3b的高分辨质谱谱图;
图25是实施例2中化合物4b的高分辨质谱谱图;
图26是实施例4中化合物5b的高分辨质谱谱图;
图27是前药客体的1H NMR谱图;
图28是前药客体的13C NMR谱图;
图29是前药客体的高分辨质谱谱图;
图30是化合物6与前药客体分子自组装形成囊泡TEM图;
图31是化合物6与前药客体分子自组装形成囊泡AFM图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
在以下具体实施例中,柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的合成路线如下:
实施例1
具有聚集诱导发光效应的单环季铵盐阳离子型水溶性柱芳烃的合成,合成路线如下:
(1)1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯的合成:将对苯二酚二羟基醚和三苯基膦按照摩尔比为1:3加入乙腈(或丙酮),在0℃,分批加入四溴化碳(对苯二酚二羟基醚与四溴化碳摩尔比为1:3),在室温下继续搅拌24h,加去离子水淬灭,过滤,洗涤,柱层析分离,得到白色粉末状固体即为1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯。也可以加入去离子水淬灭反应,抽滤并用甲醇与水的混合溶液洗,得到1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯。氢谱谱图如图1所示,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):6.86(s,4H),4.25(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),3.62(t,J=6.2Hz,4H)。
(2)化合物1a的合成:将1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯与三聚甲醛按照摩尔比1:1.1加入到二氯甲烷(或三氯甲烷)中,在0℃,加入催化剂三氟化硼乙醚,三氟化硼乙醚与1,4-二(2-溴乙氧基)苯的摩尔比为1:1;室温反应36h后,加去离子水淬灭,分液萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,白色粉末状固体二(2-溴乙氧基)柱[5]芳烃(化合物1a)。氢谱谱图如图2所示,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):6.91(s,10H),4.23(t,J=5.5Hz,20H),3.84(s,10H),3.63(t,J=5.6Hz,20H)。
(3)化合物2a的合成:将化合物1a、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺与2,2`-偶氮双(异丁腈)按照摩尔比为1:1.5:0.03加入到四氯化碳,(分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺);回流过夜,加入1勺硅胶,旋干溶剂,柱层析纯化,得到黄色固体meso位羟基修饰的柱[5]芳烃(化合物2a)。氢谱谱图如图3所示,碳谱谱图如图7所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图11所示。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.02(s,2H),6.98(s,2H),6.94(s,2H),6.85(s,2H),6.84(s,2H),5.95(s,1H),4.35–4.18(m,18H),3.92–3.83(m,8H),3.74–3.58(m,18H),3.51(s,4H)。13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):131.55,129.37,128.51,128.36,118.22,115.28,115.11,114.87,69.18,68.55,54.75,32.13,32.07,32.02,31.99,31.49,28.68,27.60。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd for[C55H60O11Br10H]+1696.5945,found1696.5722。
(4)化合物3a的合成:将化合物2a与重铬酸吡啶鎓按照摩尔比1:4加入到二氯甲烷,回流1h,抽滤,滤液旋干,得到黄色固体meso位羰基修饰的柱[5]芳烃(化合物3a)。氢谱谱图如图4所示,碳谱谱图如图8所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图12所示。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.13(s,2H),7.07(s,2H),6.89(s,2H),6.77(s,2H),6.07(s,2H),4.44–4.20(m,18H),3.95(s,8H),3.79–3.65(m,14H),3.56(t,J=6.0Hz,4H),3.12(s,4H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):150.99,150.17,150.12,149.91,149.53,135.76,129.96,129.54,129.37,128.93,116.64,115.98,115.92,114.98,112.19,69.35,69.23,69.12,68.87,68.16,30.65,30.24,29.93,29.51,29.33,29.21。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd for[C55H58O11Br10H]+1694.5789,found 1694.8491。
(5)化合物4a的合成:将化合物3a、锌粉和二苯甲酮按照摩尔比为1:40:10加入到四氢呋喃,在0℃,加入四氯化钛,化合物3a与四氯化钛摩尔比为1:20,回流过夜,淬灭,抽滤,分液萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到白色固体meso位二苯甲酮偶联的柱[5]芳烃(化合物4a)。氢谱谱图如图5所示,碳谱谱图如图9所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图13所示。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.09(d,J=5.1Hz,10H),7.01(s,2H),6.96(s,2H),6.70(s,2H),6.47(s,2H),6.34(s,2H),4.32–4.16(m,14H),3.85(d,J=31.3Hz,12H),3.71–3.59(m,12H),3.49(s,2H),3.40(s,4H),3.29(s,4H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):149.42,148.84,148.77,147.61,141.89,141.52,129.52,129.49,126.52,117.60,115.26,115.09,114.95,114.87,114.59,68.11,68.05,67.36,29.68,29.63,29.29,29.17,28.96,28.52,27.58。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+Na]+calcd for[C68H68O10Br10Na]+1866.6442,found 1866.6461。
(6)阳离子型水溶性柱[5]芳烃的合成:将化合物4a与三甲胺(三甲胺的醇溶液、三甲胺的吡啶溶液或三甲胺的咪唑溶液)按照摩尔比为1:4加入到四氢呋喃,回流36h,重结晶,得到白色固体阳离子型水溶性柱[5]芳烃(化合物6)。氢谱谱图如图6所示,碳谱谱图如图10所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图14所示。1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ(ppm):7.21(s,10H),7.09(s,10H),4.52(d,J=39.4Hz,20H),3.88(d,J=27.2Hz,28H),3.24–3.09(m,90H).13C NMR(101MHz,D2O)δ149.23(s),131.11(s),128.33(s),127.59(s),64.97(s),64.09(d,J=50.9Hz),63.54–62.44(m),55.45–55.12(m),54.15(d,J=13.0Hz),29.21(s)。HR-ESI-MS:[M–2Br]2+calcd for[C98H158O10N10Br8]2+1137.7791,found1137.7810。
除上述实施例之外,本发明还可以通过对通式(a)或者通式(b)所示的具有四苯乙烯结构的单环或者双环柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的meso位进行功能化修饰得到一系列具有AIE效应的单环和双环型柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物,通过在苯环单体上下边缘引入不同的官能团,可形成阳离子水溶性柱芳烃(官能团R1包括末端为:叔胺基、季胺盐、吡啶盐、咪唑盐等基团)、阴离子水溶性柱芳烃(官能团R1包括末端为:羧酸盐、磺酸盐、磷酸盐等基团)、脂溶性柱芳烃(官能团R1包括末端为:烷基、羟基、氰基、胺基等功能基团)。
实施例2
具有聚集诱导发光效应的单环柱芳烃的合成,合成路线如下:
(1)化合物A的合成:将1,4-二甲氧基苯与多聚甲醛按照摩尔比1:3加入到二氯甲烷(或三氯甲烷)中,在0℃,加入催化剂三氟化硼乙醚,三氟化硼乙醚与1,4-二甲氧基苯的摩尔比为1:1,室温反应4h后,加去离子水淬灭,分液萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到白色粉末状固体二甲氧基柱[5]芳烃(化合物A)。
(2)化合物B的合成:在N2保护下,将化合物A与三溴化硼按照摩尔比1:3加入到三氯甲烷,室温反应3天。加水淬灭,洗涤,真空干燥,得到白色固体二羟基柱[5]芳烃(化合物B)。
(3)化合物C的合成:在N2保护下,将化合物A与碳酸钾按照摩尔比1:25加入到乙腈中,通入过量硫酰氟气体,硫酰氟与化合物A的摩尔比为20:1。反应过夜,旋干溶剂,柱层析纯化,得到白色固体得到化合物C。
(4)化合物1b的合成:在N2保护下,将化合物C、醋酸铅与1,3-双(二苯基膦)按照摩尔比1:0.8:1加入到二甲基亚砜中,依次加入三乙胺、甲酸,三乙胺、甲酸与化合物C摩尔比为50:50:1,反应过夜。分液萃取,干燥,旋干溶剂,柱层析纯化,得到白色粉末状固体化合物1b。
(5)化合物2b的合成:将化合物1b、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺与2,2`-偶氮双(异丁腈)按照摩尔比为1:1.5:0.03加入到四氯化碳,(分批加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺);回流过夜,加入1勺硅胶,旋干溶剂,柱层析纯化,得到黄色固体meso位羟基修饰的柱[5]芳烃(化合物2b)。氢谱谱图如图15所示,碳谱谱图如图19所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图23所示。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):7.16(s,2H),7.14(s,2H),7.07(s,4H),7.04(d,J=6.5Hz,12H),5.70(d,J=3.3Hz,1H),5.51(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.66(d,J=2.8Hz,8H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ140.91(s),139.92(s),138.39(d,J=12.8Hz),138.12(s),127.56(dd,J=3.8,3.3Hz),124.92(s),40.38(d,J=10.3Hz),28.68(s).HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M–H]+calcd for[C35H29O]+465.2218,found 465.2216。
(6)化合物3b的合成:将化合物2b与重铬酸吡啶鎓按照摩尔比1:4加入到二氯甲烷,回流1h,抽滤,滤液旋干,得到黄色固体meso位羰基修饰的柱[5]芳烃(化合物3b)。氢谱谱图如图16所示,碳谱谱图如图20所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图24所示。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.25(s,2H),7.23(s,2H),7.15(d,J=7.9Hz,4H),7.05(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.96–6.86(m,8H),3.92(d,J=33.1Hz,8H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):197.99,146.68,139.57,139.31,138.52,136.44,129.51,129.47,128.18,127.90,41.10,29.71。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd for[C35H29O]+465.2218,found 465.2667。
(7)化合物4b的合成:将化合物3b、锌粉和二苯甲酮按照摩尔比为1:40:10加入到四氢呋喃,在0℃,加入四氯化钛,化合物3b与四氯化钛摩尔比为1:20回流过夜,淬灭,抽滤,分液萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到白色固体meso位二苯甲酮偶联的柱[5]芳烃(化合物4b)。氢谱谱图如图17所示,碳谱谱图如图21所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图25所示。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.09(s,6H),7.06–7.02(m,8H),6.97(s,8H),6.70(s,8H),3.80(s,4H),3.74(s,4H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):142.64,140.53,139.74,138.60,138.53,138.36,138.28,138.12,130.21,129.90,128.12,127.60,127.38,126.71,126.59,40.41,40.14。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd for[C48H39]+615.3052,found 615.2870。
实施例3
具有聚集诱导发光效应的单环柱芳烃的合成,合成路线如下:
化合物5a的合成:将化合物3a、锌粉和化合物3b按照摩尔比为1:40:10加入到四氢呋喃,在0℃,加入四氯化钛,化合物3a与四氯化钛摩尔比为1:20回流过夜,淬灭,抽滤,分液萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到白色固体(化合物5a)。
化合物3a的合成方法与实施例1相同,化合物3b的合成方法与实施例2相同。
实施例4
化合物5b的合成:将化合物3b、锌粉按照摩尔比为1:10加入到四氢呋喃,在0℃,加入四氯化钛,化合物3b与四氯化钛摩尔比为1:50回流过夜,淬灭,抽滤,分液萃取,干燥,柱层析纯化,得到白色固体(化合物5b)。氢谱谱图如图18所示,碳谱谱图如图22所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图26所示。1H NMR(400MHz,Acetone)δ(ppm):6.95(d,J=2.2Hz,12H),6.87(dd,J=14.4,6.4Hz,12H),6.65(dd,J=26.5,8.1Hz,16H),3.63(s,8H),3.57(s,8H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):141.45,139.60,139.38,139.15,130.81,129.11,128.51,127.74,41.44,41.21。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd for[C70H57]+897.4460,found 897.4607。
实施例5
将实施例1制备的化合物6与前药客体自组装后形成纳米囊泡用于药物转运体系。具体实验方法如下:将CPT前药客体(3.0mg)溶于去离子水中(30mL,1%DMSO作为助溶剂),再加入化合物6的水溶液(5mL,C=0.1mM),配制出溶度为0.05mM的基于CPT前药客体分子和化合物6的纳米药物递送体系。在该体系中,客体中的二硫键在癌细胞特定的微环境下(较高的谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度),二硫键会发生断裂,缓慢释放喜树碱抗癌药物。随后利用细胞存活率试验(MTT)和激光共聚焦显微技术(CLSM)对其进行体外细胞层面上的诊断性能和抗癌活性的综合评价。
本实施例中前药客体的结构式如下:
前药客体的合成,合成路线如下:
(1)化合物D的合成:在N2保护下,将2-羟乙基二硫化物与3-溴丙炔按照摩尔比3:1加入到四氢呋喃中,在0℃,加入氢化钠(氢化钠与2-羟乙基二硫化物摩尔比为1:1),室温反应48h后,加去离子水淬灭,柱层析纯化,得到黄色油状液体(化合物D)。
(2)化合物E的合成:在N2保护下,将化合物D、喜树碱、4-二甲氨基吡啶与双(三氯甲基)碳酸酯按照摩尔比1:1:3:1加入到二氯甲烷,室温反应4h后,加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(N,N-二异丙基乙胺与化合物D摩尔比为8:1),室温反应8h,柱层析纯化,得到黄色固体(化合物E)。
(3)化合物F的合成:在N2保护下,将三[(1-苄基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基]胺、六氟磷酸四(乙氰铜)、化合物E、叠氮化物按照摩尔比1:1:10:13加入到二氯甲烷与甲醇(体积比1:1)中,室温反应6h,柱层析纯化,得到黄绿色固体(化合物F)。氢谱谱图如图27所示,碳谱谱图如图28所示,高分辨质谱谱图如图29所示。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.72(s,1H),8.16(dd,J=13.5,8.0Hz,2H),8.02(s,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.76–7.69(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),5.53(s,2H),5.33(s,2H),4.43(s,2H),4.30(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),3.58(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.98(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.87(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.35(s,2H),2.19(s,2H),1.75(s,2H),1.52(s,2H),1.26(s,4H),0.92(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ(ppm)=167.53,156.96,153.28,152.63,148.35,146.71,145.26,144.01,132.08,130.90,130.18,129.45,128.97,128.47,128.21,124.18,119.63,94.87,78.38,68.04,66.92,66.72,63.70,51.78,50.77,49.68,49.06,38.26,36.70,30.78,30.07,28.14,26.13,25.34,8.02。HR-ESI-MS:m/z[M+H]+calcd for[C34H39N5NaO10S3]+796.1757,found 796.1748。
如图30所示,化合物6与前药客体分子自组装形成囊泡TEM图,图31是化合物6与前药客体分子自组装形成囊泡AFM图。我们利用TEM和AFM对化合物6前药客体分子自组装形成的纳米粒子的尺寸和形貌进行表征,TEM和AFM的结果表明,该纳米粒子是空心球形结构,粒径大约在50nm左右,符合囊泡的形貌特征;也进一步说明主客体两者之间进行了有效的组装,形成了纳米药物载体。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物具有以下结构通式:
S2、将化合物2加入有机溶剂中,在氧化剂的作用下,发生氧化反应得到化合物3;
S3、将化合物3加入有机溶剂中,在四氯化钛和锌粉的作用下,与二苯甲酮进行偶联反应得到结构通式(a)所示的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物4;
或将化合物3加入有机溶剂中,在四氯化钛和锌粉的作用下,化合物3自身反应得到结构通式(b)所示的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物具有结构通式(b)时,R1=OCH2CH2Br、R2=H。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,引发剂为2,2’-偶氮双(异丁腈),有机溶剂为四氯化碳,化合物1与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的摩尔比为1:0.7~1:1.5,化合物1与2,2’-偶氮双(异丁腈)的摩尔比为1:0.02~1:0.05。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,氧化剂为重铬酸吡啶鎓或二氧化锰,有机溶剂为二氯甲烷,化合物2与重铬酸吡啶鎓的摩尔比为1:2~1:5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有聚集诱导发光效应的柱芳烃及类柱芳烃化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,有机溶剂为四氢呋喃,制备化合物4时,化合物3与二苯甲酮的摩尔比为1:8~1:12,化合物3与锌粉的摩尔比为1:30~1:60,化合物3与四氯化钛的摩尔比为1:15~1:25;制备化合物5时,化合物3与锌粉的摩尔比为1:4~1:60,化合物3与四氯化钛的摩尔比为1:2~1:50。
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