CN112043817A - 一种抗螨虫的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种抗螨虫的组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN112043817A
CN112043817A CN202010958407.0A CN202010958407A CN112043817A CN 112043817 A CN112043817 A CN 112043817A CN 202010958407 A CN202010958407 A CN 202010958407A CN 112043817 A CN112043817 A CN 112043817A
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刘春辉
李自托
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Beijing Haoer Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含抗螨虫组合物及其应用，属于医药卫生技术领域。所述的抗螨虫组合物主要由以下重量分数的组分组成：1～10份的抗菌肽、1～10份的丁香花提取物和1～10份的黄花蒿提取物。本发明的抗螨虫组合物，立足于螨虫病发病机理和治疗原理，选用了抗菌肽、丁香花提取物、黄花蒿提取物等天然活性物质，选料配伍科学合理，协同增效；具有快速、高效杀灭螨虫，并对皮肤癣菌、真菌、酵母菌、细菌等具有显著的抑菌或杀灭作用，同时还具有卓越的抗炎止痒作用；天然来源，可生物降解，药物残留，不易产生耐药性，对环境友好，安全可靠。

Description

一种抗螨虫的组合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于医药卫生技术领域，具体涉及一种抗螨虫的组合物及其应用。
背景技术
螨病是肉食性螨寄生于动物或人的体表或表皮内所引起的一种以皮肤剧烈瘙痒、渗出性炎症和高度接触性传染为特征的体外寄生虫病，普遍存在于世界各地，我国民间称为“疥螨”。可见于各年龄段的多种动物，以猪、羊、兔、犬、牛及鸡多见。该病波及范围很广，呈世界性分布，可造成患病动物生产性能及畜产品质量下降，消化吸收技能降低，消瘦，甚至造成动物个体或大批死亡，同时也威胁人类健康。
该病以接触感染，季节性发生，引起剧烈瘙痒和严重的皮肤炎症为特征。螨病季节性很强，痒螨病多发于寒冷的秋冬季和初春季节，夏季和温暖的春初发病率较低，即使发病症状也较轻。秋冬季节潮湿、阴暗、拥挤、通风不良的饲养环境是该病传播的有利因素，尤其是阴雨天气，蔓延最广，发病最烈。但一到秋冬季节，日光照射不足，家畜被毛增厚，绒毛增生，皮肤湿度增高，为螨虫的生长和发育提供了有利条件，动物体表遗留下来的螨虫重新活跃起来，牲畜容易复发螨病。
螨病可分为疥螨病、痒螨病和蠕形螨病。螨病的流行还具有周期性。成年人的螨虫感染率为97.63％，螨虫爱侵袭成人的肌肤，尤其是油性皮肤；一般正常肌肤平均每平方厘米有0.7个螨虫，而痘痘肌肤平均每平方厘米含有12.87个螨虫，同时螨虫的繁殖速度极快，一种螨虫的入侵到布满全身仅需要一晚。
目前对螨病的防治手段主要有生物防治、免疫防治和药物防治等。生物防治是利用某些细菌、真菌及其代谢产物等不利于螨虫生存的生物因素从而控制螨病的方法，如阿维菌素是日本土壤中分离出的一种旋丝链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)的发酵产物中开发出来的一种新型大环内酯类抗生素，对动物的寄生线虫和节肢动物等均有优良的驱杀作用，但正是由于生物防治的广谱、高效和稳定性，在家畜及其他动物上使用后，易造成血、乳中药物残留，并通过粪便排泄至外界环境的残留部分还足以抑制许多正常的微生物和原虫的分解过程，由之带来的不良影响已经引起强烈关注。免疫防治是通过特异性的螨源抗原接种动物使其产生对螨的抵抗力从而控制螨病的方法，近年来国外对螨病免疫方面进行了研究，但接种螨源抗原可诱发I型超敏反应，因此螨病免疫尚处于探索阶段。药物防治是目前螨病防治的主要手段。在过去的一个世纪里，化学药物由于疗效高、作用快和使用方便等特点得到了广泛的使用，国内大多用有机磷、有机氮、有机氯类药物，但化学合成类药物大多具有很强的化学稳定性，使用后不易分解，长时间残留在土壤中、畜产品或环境中，直接或间接进入食物链，通过生物富集后进入动物或人体内，引起慢性或急性中毒。但是由之带来的药物残留、环境危害以及耐药性等全球性的灾难已经引起了全社会的广泛关注。
在“绿色潮流”影响下，植物源药物以其不易产生耐药性，在环境中可自行降解，不至于在畜产品中长期残留或通过食物链富集，对人畜及环境相对安全等特点而备受关注。
发明内容
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
本发明提供了一种抗螨虫的组合物，其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成：1～10份的抗菌肽、1～10份的丁香花提取物、1～10份的黄花蒿提取物。
所述的一种抗螨虫的组合物，其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成：1～10份的抗菌肽、1～10份的丁香花提取物、1～10份的黄花蒿提取物和1～20份的辛酸/癸酸甘油三脂、1～10份的百里草提取物、1～10份川椒提取物、1～10份的白藓皮提取物、1～10份的蛇床子提取物、1～10份苍术提取物、1～10份的半边莲提取物、1～10份川椒提取物、1～10份百部提取物、1～10份木香提取物和0.1～15份冰片中的一种或一种以上的组合物。
所述的一种抗螨虫组合物，其特征在于所述的抗菌肽来源于乳酸菌发酵产物的粗提物或精提物。
所述的抗螨虫组合物，其特征在于该组合物在药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品中的应用。
所述的抗螨虫组合物的应用，其特征在于，所述的抗螨虫组合物在药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品中的使用量为该药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品总重量的0.01％～99.9％。
所述的抗螨虫组合物的应，其特征在于，所述的药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品包括水剂、油剂、乳液、膏霜、喷剂或表活体系。
本发明提供了一种抗螨虫组合物，具有以下优势：
1、本发明提供的抗螨虫的组合物，立足于螨虫病发病机理和治疗原理，选用了抗菌肽、丁香花提取物、黄花蒿提取物等天然活性物质，选料配伍科学合理，协同增效；本发明的产品涂抹于患处以后，可快速、高效杀灭螨虫，并对皮肤癣菌、真菌、酵母菌、细菌等具有显著的抑菌或杀灭作用，同时还具有卓越的抗炎止痒作用。
2、本发明提供的抗螨虫的组合物，除可作天然高效抗螨剂外，还可外用祛皮肤癣、治疗真菌感染，抗蚊虫叮咬、祛痤疮。
3、本发明提供的抗螨虫的组合物，选料天然来源，可生物降解，无药物残留，不易产生耐药性，对环境友好。
具体实施方式
实施例1～实施例4一种抗螨虫的组合物的制备
表1为实施例1～实施例4的一种抗螨虫组合物的具体配方。
表1一种抗螨虫的组合物的具体配方
Figure BSA0000219341090000021
Figure BSA0000219341090000031
实施例1～实施例4中A1～A4的制备方法：
(1)将各中药清洗除杂后，在40℃下烘干备用；
(2)将丁香花、黄花蒿、百里草分别加入50％的乙醇，在35～45℃下进行低温萃取三次，过滤，合并滤液，浓缩至适量，分别得到各中药材的提取物；
(3)然后将川椒、白藓皮、蛇床子、苦参、苍术、半边莲、百部和木香分别加入去离子水在40～50℃下进行低温萃取三次，过滤，合并滤液，浓缩至适量，分别得到各中药材的提取物；
(4)按配方A1～A4分别称取适当的提取物，加入抗菌肽或冰片，搅拌均匀后，即得到所述的抗螨虫的组合物A1～A4。
实施例5 一种抗螨虫的组合物水剂的制备
组合物组成：实施例1中A1配方
制备方法：将0.15份EDTA-2Na加入83.85份去离子水中，搅拌至完全溶解，再加入预先混合好的3份A1、8份的水溶性橄榄油和5份的甘油，搅拌混合均匀即可。
实施例6～实施例8一种抗螨虫的组合物乳液的制备
表2抗螨虫乳液配方
Figure BSA0000219341090000032
抗螨乳的制备方法：
(1)按表2中应用实施例6～8和对比例1的乳液的配方组成，将A相各组分加热至90～95℃并搅拌溶解完全，并恒温15min；
(2)将B相各组分混合加热至90～95℃溶解完全，并恒温15min；
(3)将A相组分加入到B相并同时搅拌，在3000r/min的转速下均质混合；
(4)在慢速搅拌下冷却至50℃，加入C相组分混合均匀；
(5)加入D相调节pH，搅拌均匀，即制得抗螨乳I、II、III以及对比乳。
实施例9 一种抗螨虫的组合物软膏剂的制备
组合物的组成：实施例4中A4配方。
制备方法：将100份的凡士林在控温80～100℃下熔化后，控温115～120℃灭菌，将已灭菌的凡士林冷却至70～75℃；将羊毛脂5份在120℃灭菌；将二甲亚砜3.5份在60℃左右熔化；将凡士林加入配制罐中，在搅拌下将二甲亚砜和羊毛脂倒入共熔；然后将15份的抗螨虫组合物A1加入配制罐中，搅拌均匀，即成。
实施例10 一种抗螨虫的组合物油剂的制备
组合物组成：实施例1中A1配方
制备方法：将5份A1加入95份菜籽油，搅拌混合均匀即可。
以下通过具体实验例来说明含抗螨虫组合物的有益效果。
杀螨效果测试
试验方法：选取自然感染螨病的家兔30只，临床症状：病兔足部、口部、耳部等多处结厚痂，长用四肢不停地在全身搔抓。随机分成A、B、C 3组，每组10只，其中A组、C组分别用实施例6中的抗螨乳I和对比例1中的基础乳，用药棉蘸供试药物反复涂抹病兔患部治疗，每天1次，连续2d，7d后再涂抹1次；B组为阿维菌素注射液，1次皮下注射0.3mg/kg，间隔7天再注射1次。试验后每天观察记录实验病兔饮水、食欲、精神状况及各临床症状，并于每次给药后第5天，以透明胶带法再病兔患部粘取病变部位的皮屑，计算活螨和死螨的数量。
表3抗螨虫组合物的除螨效果测试
Figure BSA0000219341090000041
结果如表3所示。临床测试结果显示含3％的抗螨虫组合物的抗螨乳对兔螨的杀灭率达到92％以上，其杀灭效果明显由于皮下注射0.3mg/kg的阿维菌素注射液；而基础乳不具有任何杀螨活性。由此可见，本发明的抗螨虫组合物具有优良的杀螨活性。
抗炎止痒效果测试
2019年7月在蚊虫危害严重的湖南岳阳和陕西临潼，选取被蚊虫叮咬的220名成年健康人群，左侧身体被叮咬处涂抹抗螨乳II，右侧身体被叮咬处涂抹基础乳，结果如表4所示。
表4抗螨乳对两地蚊虫叮咬人群止痒效果
Figure BSA0000219341090000051
结果显示：试验组涂抹抗螨乳II后，绝大部分同志未出现被叮咬部位红、肿、痛的症状及炎性反应；对照组涂抹基础乳止痒效果观察，均系无效范畴，而且绝大多数通知出现被叮咬部位红、肿、痛的炎症反应。由此说明，抗螨乳较基础乳有显著的止痒作用，两地总止痒率达到97％以上；绝大部分通知未出现局部红、肿、痛的炎性反应，这进一步说明抗螨乳II不仅止痒效果显著，而且具有局部消炎及预防局部出现炎症反应的作用，具有推广应用价值。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种抗螨虫的组合物，其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成：1～10份的抗菌肽、1～10份的丁香花提取物、1～10份的黄花蒿提取物。
2.一种抗螨虫的组合物，其特征在于该组合物由以下重量份数的组分组成：1～10份的抗菌肽、1～10份的丁香花提取物、1～10份的黄花蒿提取物和1～20份的辛酸/癸酸甘油三脂、1～10份的百里草提取物、1～10份川椒提取物、1～10份的白藓皮提取物、1～10份的蛇床子提取物、1～10份的苦参提取物、1～10份苍术提取物、1～10份的半边莲提取物、1～10份百部提取物、1～10份木香提取物和0.1～15份冰片中的一种或一种以上的组合物。
3.根据权利要求1和2任一项所述的一种抗螨虫组合物，其特征在于所述的抗菌肽来源于乳酸菌发酵产物的粗提物或精提物。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的抗螨虫组合物，其特征在于该组合物在药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品中的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗螨虫组合物的应用，其特征在于，所述的抗螨虫组合物在药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品中的使用量为该药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品总重量的0.01％～99.9％。
6.根据权利要求4和5任一项所述的抗螨虫组合物的应，其特征在于，所述的药品或化妆品或洗护产品或消毒剂或皮肤护理产品或环境除螨类产品包括水剂、油剂、乳液、软膏剂、片剂、喷剂或表活体系。
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Application publication date: 20201208