CN111946515B - 用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的方法和控制装置 - Google Patents

用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的方法和控制装置 Download PDF

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CN111946515B
CN111946515B CN202010412630.5A CN202010412630A CN111946515B CN 111946515 B CN111946515 B CN 111946515B CN 202010412630 A CN202010412630 A CN 202010412630A CN 111946515 B CN111946515 B CN 111946515B
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high pressure
loop control
pressure
throttle valve
closed
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CN111946515A (zh
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C.迈尔
M.赛布特
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025Common rails
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0014Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0028Valves characterised by the valve actuating means hydraulic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0064Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0613Switch-over from one fuel to another
    • F02D19/0621Purging of the fuel system
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    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0684High pressure fuel injection systems; Details on pumps, rails or the arrangement of valves in the fuel supply and return systems
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    • F02D41/3836Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F02D41/3845Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0023Valves in the fuel supply and return system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
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    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/44Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0005Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012Valves
    • F02M63/0031Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0056Throttling valves, e.g. having variable opening positions throttling the flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine
    • F02M63/0215Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine by draining or closing fuel conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0649Liquid fuels having different boiling temperatures, volatilities, densities, viscosities, cetane or octane numbers
    • F02D19/0657Heavy or light fuel oils; Fuels characterised by their impurities such as sulfur content or differences in grade, e.g. for ships
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    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1401Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method
    • F02D2041/1409Introducing closed-loop corrections characterised by the control or regulation method using at least a proportional, integral or derivative controller
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    • F02M2200/40Fuel-injection apparatus with fuel accumulators, e.g. a fuel injector having an integrated fuel accumulator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于操作内燃机的共轨燃料供应系统的方法,共轨燃料供应系统包括低压区域(4)、高压区域(6)和高压泵送装置(3),高压泵送装置(3)包括至少两个高压泵(2),来自低压区域的燃料可通过至少两个高压泵(2)递送到高压区域,其中在高压泵送装置(3)与喷射器之间的高压区域(6)中提供了永久处于高压下的压力存储系统(7),并且其中高压泵送装置(3)的递送速率可通过节流阀(13)调节。根据内燃机的操作点确定高压泵送装置(3)的设定点递送速率和压力存储系统(7)的设定点压力。根据设定点递送速率,确定用于所有节流阀(13)的相应节流阀(13)的位置的控制部分,使用该控制部分致动节流阀(13)。根据高压下的压力存储系统(7)中的设定点压力与实际压力之间的偏差,针对相应节流阀的位置,确定节流阀(13)的第一部分数量的闭环控制部分,除开环控制外,还使用该闭环控制部分致动仅第一部分数量的相应节流阀,而使用开环控制部分排他地致动节流阀(13)的第二部分数量的节流阀或每个节流阀。

Description

用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的方法和控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的一种方法和一种控制装置。
背景技术
图1示出现有技术中已知的内燃机(即用于以重燃油操作的船舶的柴油内燃机)的共轨燃料供应系统的基本构造。从DE 101 57 135 B4中已知这种构造。图1的共轨燃料供应系统针对每个气缸包括至少一个喷射器1。燃料通过喷射器1可喷射到内燃机的气缸中的每个中。此外,共轨燃料供应系统包括高压泵送装置3,高压泵送装置3包括至少一个低压泵5、多个高压泵2和高压泵存储单元8,以便将燃料从共轨燃料供应系统的低压区域4递送到共轨燃料供应系统的高压区域6,其中,在高压泵送装置3与喷射器1之间的高压区域6中提供永久处于高压下的压力存储系统7。永久处于高压下的压力存储系统7,也称为共轨,包括多个分配器单元9。分配器单元9经由永久处于高压下的高压管线10连接到高压泵送装置3并相互连接。此外,压力存储系统7,即分配器单元9,经由高压管线11连接到喷射器1,高压管线11根据喷射周期处于高压下。将喷射器1连接到分配器单元9的根据喷射周期有时处于高压下的高压管线11被分配有开关阀12,开关阀12根据喷射周期将燃料供给到喷射器。
此外,图1示出节流阀13,节流阀13布置在高压泵送装置3的高压泵2之前。通过节流阀13,可以调节高压泵2的递送速率以及因此调节高压泵送装置3的递送速率。此外,图1示出放气阀14和安全阀15。应当指出的是,与图1所示的共轨燃料供应系统的构造相比,燃料也可以从高压燃料泵2被直接(即,在其间不连接泵存储单元8)泵送到包括多个分配器单元9的压力存储系统7。
如已经说明的那样,借助于节流阀13可以调节高压泵2的递送速度。根据实践,所有节流阀13均通过闭环控制来操作。由于所有节流阀13的闭环控制,节流阀的位置在操作期间连续变化。在此过程中,节流阀13经受磨损。这限制了节流阀13的寿命。
发明内容
从此出发,本发明基于创造一种用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的新型方法的目的,借助于该方法,可以增加节流阀的寿命。
该目的通过根据专利权利要求1的用于操作内燃机的共轨燃料供应系统的方法来解决。
根据本发明,依据内燃机的所要求的操作点,一方面确定高压泵送装置的设定点递送速率,另一方面确定高压下的压力存储系统的设定点压力。
根据高压泵送装置的设定点递送速率,对于所有节流阀确定用于相应节流阀的位置的开环控制部分,相应节流阀使用该开环控制部分被致动。
根据高压下的压力存储系统中的设定点压力与实际压力之间的偏差,针对节流阀的第一部分数量,确定用于相应节流阀的位置的闭环控制部分,在提供相应节流阀的可变位置的情况下,除开环控制之外,还使用所述闭环控制部分仅致动节流阀的第一部分数量的相应节流阀,而在提供相应节流阀的不可变位置的情况下,使用开环控制部分排他地致动节流阀的第二部分数量的节流阀或每个节流阀。
因此,本发明的目的是通过闭环控制在相应的操作点中仅操作节流阀的第一部分数量,而使用对于相应操作点是固定的开环控制部分致动第二部分数量的其他节流阀。通过这种方式,可以增加节流阀的寿命,特别是当在内燃机的操作持续时间期间改变或替换在相应操作点中通过闭环控制操作的节流阀的所述部分数量的节流阀或每个节流阀时,即,换成第二部分数量的相应节流阀。
根据本发明的有利的进一步改进,由开环控制部分和闭环控制部分致动的节流阀的第一部分数量包括用于每个气缸组的单个节流阀。通过这种方式,可以特别有利地延长节流阀的寿命。
根据本发明的有利的进一步改进,以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式更换或替换使用开环控制部分和闭环控制部分致动的节流阀的第一部分数量的节流阀或每个节流阀。这也用于节流阀的寿命的有利增加。
在权利要求8中限定用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的控制装置。
附图说明
本发明的优选的进一步改进从从属权利要求和以下说明中获得。通过附图更详细地解释本发明的示例性实施例,但不限于此。其中示出:
图1:从现有技术中已知的燃料供应系统的示意图;
图2:示出用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的方法的框图。
具体实施方式
在此呈现的本发明涉及用于操作内燃机的共轨燃料供应系统的方法和控制装置,所述内燃机特别地被设计为大型柴油内燃机或船舶的柴油内燃机。共轨燃料供应系统的基本构造对于在此所提出的本领域技术人员来说是熟悉的,并且已经参考图1进行了描述。在此呈现的本发明现在涉及用于操作共轨燃料供应系统的方法和控制装置,所述方法和控制装置使延长节流阀13的寿命成为可能,节流阀13用于高压泵2的燃料递送速率的开环控制和/或闭环控制。
根据内燃机的所要求的操作点,特别是根据内燃机的所要求的负荷,一方面确定高压泵送装置3的设定点递送速率,另一方面确定高压下的压力存储系统7的设定点压力。
根据高压泵送装置3的设定点递送速率,对于所有节流阀13或对于每个节流阀13确定用于相应节流阀13的位置的控制部分,使用该控制部分在先导控制的意义上致动每个节流阀13。
根据高压下的压力存储系统7中的设定点压力与实际压力之间的偏差,除开环控制外,还确定了用于相应节流阀13的位置的闭环控制部分,其被称为第一部分数量,在提供相应节流阀的在相应操作点中可变的位置的情况下,除开环控制之外,还使用闭环控制部分仅致动节流阀13的第一部分数量的相应节流阀13。闭环控制部分也被称为闭环控制器部分。对于节流阀13的第一部分数量的节流阀13,开环控制提供了所谓的先导控制部分。在提供相应节流阀13的在相应操作点上不可变的位置的情况下,使用开环控制部分排他地致动剩余的节流阀13或每个剩余的节流阀13,即节流阀13的第二部分数量的节流阀或每个节流阀。
在图1所示的示例性实施例中,因此确定两个节流阀13的在相应操作点中的各自控制部分,但是仅对于这些节流阀13中的一个,附加地确定在相应操作点中的闭环控制部分,闭环控制部分叠加在开环控制上。
根据所要求的操作点,于是仅使用开环控制部分致动的节流阀13的位置是不可变的而是恒定的。在相应的操作点中,仅另一个节流阀13通过闭环控制来操作,以便使压力存储系统7中的实际压力适应于设定点压力。
在下面参考图2来描述进一步的细节。图2示出用于操作共轨燃料供应系统,即该系统的节流阀13的控制和闭环控制结构的框图。
在方框17中,根据内燃机的所要求的操作点来确定高压泵送装置3的设定点递送速率,其中,在方框18中,根据高压泵送装置3的该设定点递送速度,针对每个节流阀13,确定用于相应节流阀13的位置的控制部分。
根据内燃机的所要求的操作点,在方框19中确定高压下的压力存储系统7的设定点压力。在方框20中,优选地借助至少一个压力传感器,确定压力存储系统7的实际压力。
根据方框19的设定点压力和方框20的实际压力,确定闭环控制偏差21、22,闭环控制偏差21、22作为输入变量被馈送到闭环控制器23。闭环控制偏差21是方框19的设定点压力与方框20的无延迟实际压力之间的闭环控制偏差。在方框33中,闭环控制偏差22是方框19的设定点压力和方框20的延时实际压力之间的闭环控制偏差。
在图2所示的示例性实施例中,闭环控制器包括P部分23a、I部分23b和D部分23c。在方框24中,根据内燃机的转速和/或根据内燃机的负荷和/或根据闭环控制偏差21确定用于闭环控制器23的P部分23a的比例常数。在方框25中,同样根据内燃机的转速和/或根据内燃机的负荷和/或根据闭环控制偏差21确定闭环控制器23的I部分23b的I常数。在方框26中,根据内燃机的转速和/或内燃机的负荷确定用于闭环控制器23的D部分23c的D常数。
叠加闭环控制器23的P部分23a、I部分23b和D部分23c的起动速率,以便提供闭环控制器23的起动变量27,其中在所示的示例性实施例中,I部分23b的输出受到限制器28的限制。
如已经说明的那样,确定用于所有节流阀13的方框18的开环控制部分。然而,仅针对节流阀13的第一部分数量,经由闭环控制器23确定用于相应节流阀13的位置的闭环控制部分,然后,根据图2该闭环控制部分与开环控制部分叠加,以便获得用于致动节流阀的第一部分数量的相应的节流阀13的操纵变量29。使用方框18的开环控制部分排他地致动不属于节流阀13的第一部分数量的剩余节流阀13或每个剩余节流阀13,即节流阀13的第二部分数量,使得相应地在内燃机在节流阀13或每个节流阀13(其由方框18的开环控制部分和闭环控制器23的闭环控制部分27致动)上的相应操作点中的操作期间,相应节流阀13的可变的位置实现,而使用方框18的开环控制部分排他地致动的其它节流阀13或每个其它节流阀13的位置在相应的操作点中是不可变的。
在图2中,方框30使节流阀的第一部分数量可视化,该第一部分数量使用方框18的开环控制部分并且还使用闭环控制器23的闭环控制部分27致动。方框31使剩余的节流阀13或每个剩余的节流阀13或节流阀的第二部分数量可视化,该第二部分数量使用方框18的开环控制部分被排他地致动。
通过图2的双箭头32,可视的是,使用开环控制部分和闭环控制部分致动的节流阀13的第一部分数量30的节流阀或每个节流阀被改变或替换,以便不总是将相同的节流阀13闭环地控制在其位置中,而是改变由闭环控制操作的节流阀14。在此,然后将第一部分数量30的节流阀13交换或替换为第二部分数量31的节流阀13。
可以以时间控制和/或事件控制的方式改变或替换由开环控制部分部分和闭环控制部分致动的第一部分数量30的节流阀13或每个节流阀13的变化或改变。
在相应节流阀13的时间控制的改变或变化的情况下,第一部分数量30的相应节流阀13改变或变化成第二部分数量31的节流阀13在限定的时间段之后或内燃机的操作持续时间之后发生。
在相应节流阀13的事件控制的改变或变化的情况下,第一部分数量30的相应节流阀13改变或变化成第二部分数量31的节流阀13优先在内燃机的每次发动机起动的情况下发生。
此外,本发明涉及用于执行根据本发明的方法的控制装置。根据内燃机的所要求的操作点,控制装置确定高压泵送装置的设定点递送速率和压力存储系统7的设定点压力。
根据高压泵送装置的设定点递送速率,控制装置为每个节流阀确定用于相应节流阀的位置的控制部分,控制装置利用该控制部分致动每个节流阀13。
根据高压下的压力存储系统7中的设定点压力与实际压力之间的偏差,控制装置确定节流阀13的第一部分数量的用于相应节流阀的位置的闭环控制部分,在内燃机的相应操作点中提供相应节流阀13的可变位置的情况下,除开环控制部分之外,控制装置还使用闭环控制部分仅致动节流阀13的第一部分数量中的相应节流阀13,而在内燃机的相应操作点中提供相应节流阀13的不可变的位置的情况下,所述控制装置使用开环控制部分来排他地致动节流阀13的第二部分数量的节流阀13或每个节流阀13。
本发明使得可以在较少磨损的情况下操作共轨燃料供应系统的节流阀13,以便由此延长节流阀13的寿命。
参考列表
1 喷射器
2 高压泵
3 高压泵送装置
4 低压区域
5 低压泵
6 高压区域
7 压力存储系统
8 高压泵存放单元
9 分配器单元
10 高压管线
11 高压管线
12 开关阀
13 节流阀
14 放气阀
15 安全阀
17 方框设定点递送速率确定
18 方框控制部分
19 方框设定点压力确定
20 方框实际压力确定
21 闭环控制偏差
22 闭环控制偏差
23 闭环控制器
23a P部分
23b I部分
23c D部分
24 方框P闭环控制常数确定
25 方框I闭环控制常数确定
26 方框D闭环控制常数确定
27 闭环控制部分
28 限制器
29 操纵变量
30 节流阀的第一部分数量
31 节流阀的第二部分数量
32 节流阀的变化改变

Claims (9)

1.一种用于操作内燃机的共轨燃料供应系统的方法,所述内燃机被设计为大型柴油内燃机或船舶的柴油内燃机,
其中,所述共轨燃料供应系统包括低压区域(4)、高压区域(6)和高压泵送装置(3),所述高压泵送装置(3)包括至少两个高压泵(2),借助于所述至少两个高压泵(2),将来自所述燃料供应系统的所述低压区域(4)的燃料递送到所述燃料供应系统的所述高压区域(6)中,其中,在所述高压泵送装置(3)与分配给气缸的喷射器(1)之间的所述高压区域(6)中提供永久处于高压下的压力存储系统(7),并且其中,所述高压泵送装置(3)的递送速率可通过在所述高压泵(2)上游的节流阀(13)进行调节,
其中,根据所述内燃机的所要求的操作点,一方面确定所述高压泵送装置(3)的设定点递送速率,另一方面确定在高压下的所述压力存储系统(7)的设定点压力,
其中,根据对于所有节流阀(13)的所述高压泵送装置(3)的所述设定点递送速率,确定用于相应节流阀的位置的控制部分,所述相应节流阀使用所述控制部分致动,
其中,除开环控制之外,根据高压下的所述压力存储系统(7)中的所述设定点压力与实际压力之间的偏差,确定用于所述节流阀(13)的第一部分数量的相应节流阀的位置的闭环控制部分;使用所述闭环控制部分致动仅所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量的相应节流阀,而使用开环控制部分排他地致动所述节流阀(13)的第二部分数量的相应节流阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,使用所述开环控制部分和所述闭环控制部分致动的所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量包括用于每个气缸组的单个节流阀。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,以时间控制的方式改变或替换使用所述开环控制部分或所述闭环控制部分致动的所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量的相应节流阀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在限定的时间段期满之后,改变或替换使用所述开环控制部分或所述闭环控制部分致动的所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量的相应节流阀。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,以事件控制的方式改变或替换使用所述开环控制部分或所述闭环控制部分致动的所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量的相应节流阀。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,在发动机起动期间,改变或替换使用所述开环控制部分或所述闭环控制部分致动的所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量的相应节流阀(13)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,根据内燃机的所要求的负荷,确定所述设定点递送速率和所述设定点压力。
8.一种用于操作内燃机的共轨燃料供应系统的控制装置,所述内燃机被设计为大型柴油内燃机或船舶的柴油内燃机,
其中,所述共轨燃料供应系统包括低压区域(4)、高压区域(6)和高压泵送装置(3),所述高压泵送装置(3)包括至少两个高压泵(2),借助于所述至少两个高压泵(2),将来自所述燃料供应系统的所述低压区域(4)的燃料递送到所述燃料供应系统的所述高压区域(6)中,其中,在所述高压泵送装置(3)与分配给气缸的喷射器(1)之间的所述高压区域(6)中提供永久处于高压下的压力存储系统(7),并且其中,所述高压泵送装置(3)的递送速率可通过在所述高压泵(2)上游的节流阀(13)进行调节,
其中,所述控制装置根据所述内燃机的所要求的操作点,一方面确定所述高压泵送装置(3)的设定点递送速率,另一方面确定在高压下的所述压力存储系统(7)的设定点压力,
其中,所述控制装置根据所述高压泵送装置(3)的所述设定点递送速率确定每个节流阀(13)的用于相应节流阀的位置的控制部分,所述控制装置使用所述控制部分致动每个节流阀(13),
其中,除开环控制之外,所述控制装置根据高压下的所述压力存储系统(7)中的所述设定点压力与实际压力之间的偏差,确定用于所述节流阀(13)的第一部分数量的相应节流阀的位置的闭环控制部分;所述控制装置使用所述闭环控制部分仅致动所述节流阀(13)的所述第一部分数量的相应节流阀,而所述控制装置使用开环控制部分排他地致动所述节流阀(13)的第二部分数量的相应节流阀。
9.根据权利要求8所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置被装备用于在控制侧上执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法。
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