CN111692002A - 用于运行燃料系统的方法、控制器和燃料系统 - Google Patents

用于运行燃料系统的方法、控制器和燃料系统 Download PDF

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CN111692002A
CN111692002A CN202010173592.2A CN202010173592A CN111692002A CN 111692002 A CN111692002 A CN 111692002A CN 202010173592 A CN202010173592 A CN 202010173592A CN 111692002 A CN111692002 A CN 111692002A
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A·克尔纳
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于运行内燃机的燃料系统的方法,该系统包括用于气态第一燃料的气体轨和用于液态第二燃料的液态燃料轨以及附接到气体轨和液态燃料轨上的用于将燃料吹入或喷射到内燃机燃烧室中的双燃料喷射器,借助受液压控制的气体压力调节器调节气体轨中的压力,为了液压控制,经输入节流装置将液态燃料轨中的液态燃料供应给气体压力调节器。根据本发明,在学习运行模式中,强制使气体轨中的压力等同于液态燃料轨中的压力,其方式是,将能电操控的溢流阀闭合,直至气体压力调节器按照压力天平的方式将气体轨中的压力已调设到液态燃料轨中的压力,该溢流阀用于将供应给气体压力调节器的液态燃料量引回。本发明还涉及控制器和具有该控制器的燃料系统。

Description

用于运行燃料系统的方法、控制器和燃料系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行内燃机燃料系统的方法。本发明还涉及一种控制器以及一种具有这种控制器的燃料系统。所述燃料系统可以借助所述控制器按照本发明的方法运行。
背景技术
由公开文本DE 10 2016 207 743 A1已知一种用于为内燃机供给气态燃料的燃料系统。燃料系统包括用于对输送至喷射器的气态燃料进行计量的装置。所述装置具有压力调节单元,该压力调节单元具有截止阀、压力控制阀和溢流阀(Absteuerventil),它们构成一个结构单元。在截止阀打开的情况下,气态燃料被计量,其中,气态燃料首先到达高压储存器中或者说气体轨中,在该高压储存器处或者说气体轨处附接有喷射器。通过打开溢流阀,可以将气态燃料从气体轨排出,使得气体轨中的气体压力降低。以这种方式确保气体轨中的气体压力不会高于预给定的极值。以液压方式通过控制室中的控制压力实现截止阀和溢流阀的控制,该控制室可以被加载以液压压力介质、更具体地说被加载以柴油。为了改变控制室中的控制压力,还设置有柴油压力控制阀,所述柴油压力控制阀经由输入节流装置附接到单独的柴油回路的柴油高压储存器上或者说柴油轨上。
通常,柴油轨中的柴油压力始终高于气体轨中的气体压力,以防止从气体侧泄漏到柴油侧。而从柴油侧到气体侧的少量泄漏是可容忍的,因为该泄漏通常是无害的。例如,如果喷射器内的柴油以泄漏的方式到达气体区域,则泄漏量聚集在喷射器的气体喷嘴前面。然后在下一个吹入周期中,该泄漏量与气态燃料一起被排出。然而,在内燃机的滑行运行(Schubbetrieb)或怠速运行中,没有气态燃料被吹入,使得在气体喷嘴前面会聚集更大的柴油燃料量并从而会聚集不再能忍受的柴油燃料量。
为了使柴油燃料到气体区域中的泄漏最小化,可以降低柴油压力,使得该柴油压力仅最小程度地高于气体压力。然而,因为为了压力压力监测而通常设置在气体轨和柴油轨上的压力传感器具有高达10bar的公差,所以出于安全性的原因,柴油压力与气体压力之间的压力差应保持至少为10bar的两倍、也就是说20bar。然而,这在内燃机的滑行运行或怠速运行中会引起到气体区域中的不再能容忍的柴油泄漏。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,在此实现补救方案。尤其应说明一种用于运行内燃机的燃料系统的方法,所述方法在内燃机的滑行运行或怠速运行中防止或至少减小到气体区域中的柴油泄漏。
为了解决所述任务,提出一种用于运行内燃机的燃料系统的方法。由优选实施方式获知本发明的有利构型。此外,根据本发明还提出一种控制器以及一种燃料系统。
在此,提出一种用于运行内燃机的燃料系统的方法,该方法包括用于气态的第一燃料的气体轨和用于液态的第二燃料的液态燃料轨以及至少一个附接到气体轨和液态燃料轨上的双燃料喷射器,该双燃料喷射器用于将燃料吹入或喷射到内燃机的燃烧室中。在此,气体轨中的压力借助受液压控制的气体压力调节器来调节,为了进行液压控制,经由输入节流装置将来自液态燃料轨的液态燃料供应给该气体压力调节器。根据本发明,在学习运行模式中强制使气体轨中的压力等同于液态燃料轨中的压力,其方式是,将用于将供应给气体压力调节器的液态燃料量引回的可电操控的溢流阀闭合,直至气体压力调节器按照压力天平的方式将气体轨中的压力已调设到燃料轨中的压力。
从在学习运行模式中实现的压力等同出发,可以最小程度地提高液态燃料轨中的压力,使得所述液态燃料轨中的压力高于气体轨中的压力。如开头已经提及的那样,需要小的压力差,以防止气体泄漏到液态燃料区域中。然而,压力差在此可以调设到低于20bar的值,因为该调设基于实际给定的压力来进行。压力传感器的可能公差因此不产生影响,因为在气体轨和液态燃料轨中分别存在等同的初始压力。因此,也可以将压力差调设到低于压力传感器的公差的值。以这种方式,不仅避免气体输入到液态燃料区域中,而且当内燃机处于滑行运行或怠速运行中时也减小了液态燃料到气体区域中的泄漏。
此外,通过减小液态燃料到气体区域中的泄漏,尤其能在内燃机的部分负荷区域中实现置换率的提高,使得该值高于为了确保认证所需的值的90%。
优选,在内燃机的滑行运行或怠速运行中将燃料系统置于学习运行模式中。也就是说,在内燃机的滑行运行或怠速运行中也实施所述压力等同。
在滑行运行或怠速运行中不进行吹入,使得在该系统中不出现或仅出现很少的压力脉动。以这种方式简化了该方法的实施。
优选至少一次将该燃料系统置于学习运行模式中,更确切地说优选随燃料系统开始运行来置于学习运行模式中。不需要重复实施,但可以在需要时进行重复。
在本发明的一个扩展方案中提出,在学习运行模式中将布置在气体轨上的第一压力传感器与布置在液态燃料轨上的第二压力传感器进行校准。通过所述校准可以识别由公差决定的偏差并且必要时可以对其进行修正。经校准的压力传感器又能够对近似为0bar的压力差进行调设。也就是说,可以使气体轨中的压力与在液态燃料轨中的压力之间的压力差进一步最小化。
优选,在学习运行模式中求取这两个压力传感器的平均压力,并且在存在差值的情况下通过适配至少一个压力传感器来平衡该差值。在此,其中一个压力传感器可以限定为导向传感器(Führungssensor),其中另一个压力传感器适配于该导向传感器。替代地,能对两个压力传感器进行适配。
优选,对压力传感器的校准在每个运行周期中同样仅实施一次,因为压力传感器通常在一个运行周期期间不再经历明显变化并且在其使用寿命内也仅出现小的变化。此外,在校准之前始终根据所提出的本发明方法对气体轨中和液态燃料轨中的压力强制进行压力平衡。
此外优选,使为了适配压力传感器所调设的偏移值在学习运行模式之外被保持。也就是说,不必重新实施校准。附加地或补充地提出,在内燃机停机时存储为了适配压力传感器所调设的偏移值,使得在重新启动时以所存储的偏移值来初始化相应的压力传感器。也就是说,在这种情况下也可以省去对压力传感器的重新校准。
在学习运行模式之外,优选将液态燃料轨中的压力调设到比气体轨中的压力高的值。这尤其在先前在学习运行模式中已强制进行了所述压力等同时适用。因为液态燃料压力应始终(至少略微)高于气体压力。优选,压力差小于20bar,进一步优选小于10bar,并且特别优选为5bar或者更小。这样小的压力差尤其能够在学习运行模式中对压力传感器已进行了校准时实现。
有利地,所述方法至少部分地借助控制器来实施。也就是说,借助控制器来控制所提出的方法的至少一些单个方法步骤。因此,所述方法可以在很大程度上被自动化。为此,所述控制器优选以传输数据的方式与燃料系统的溢流阀和/或压力传感器连接。以这种方式,借助控制阀可以如此程度地提高用于操控溢流阀的电流,使得该溢流阀可靠地闭合,以便强制进行所希望的压力等同。此外,可以借助控制器来校准压力传感器。此外,在适配至少一个压力传感器时,可以借助控制器来调设和/或存储为了适配所需的偏移值,使得在燃料系统重新启动时可以以所存储的值来初始化对应的压力传感器。
为了解决开头提及的任务,还提出一种控制器,其设置为用于实施据本发明的方法。为此,在该控制器上优选存储有具有相应程序代码的计算机程序。
此外,提出一种用于内燃机的燃料系统,所述燃料系统包括用于气态的第一燃料的气体轨和用于液态的第二燃料的液态燃料轨以及至少一个附接到气体轨和液态燃料轨上的双燃料喷射器,该双燃料喷射器用于将燃料吹入或者喷射到内燃机的燃烧室中。该燃料系统还包括用于调节气体轨中的气体压力的、受液压控制的气体压力调节器,用于将供应给气体轨的液态燃料量引回的可电操控的溢流阀以及本发明的控制器。因而,所提出的燃料系统包括为了实施上述本发明方法所需的所有部件。也就是说,所提出的燃料系统可以根据本发明的方法来运行。因此,借助所提出的燃料系统可以实现与先前结合本发明方法所说明的优点相同的优点。尤其可以在内燃机处于滑行运行或怠速运行中时避免液态燃料过多地泄漏到气体区域中。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,在气体轨上布置有第一压力传感器,并且在液态燃料轨上布置有第二压力传感器。借助这些压力传感器可以监测对应的轨中的压力。优选,随燃料系统投入运行来根据本发明的方法实施对压力传感器的校准。借助该校准可以平衡公差,使得可以将气体轨中的压力与液态燃料轨中的压力之间的压力差选择得最小,所述液态燃料轨中的压力高于所述气体轨中的压力。当内燃机处于滑行运行或怠速运行中时,最小压力差又减小了液态燃料到气体区域中的泄漏。
附图说明
下面,借助附图详细阐明本发明。附图示出:
图1本发明的燃料系统的示意图;
图2用于实施传感器校准的调节策略的图形示图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的燃料系统用于为内燃机供给气态的第一燃料、例如天然气,和液态的第二燃料、例如柴油燃料。借助于至少一个双燃料喷射器3将这些燃料吹入或喷射到内燃机的燃烧室中。至少一个双燃料喷射器3经由气体轨1和液态燃料轨2被供给以这两种燃料。该液态燃料同时用作用于控制双燃料喷射器3的控制介质。
此外,在图1中所示的燃料系统包括用于优选以液态形式储存该气态燃料的气体箱9。借助燃料泵10将气态燃料从气体箱9提取并且经由气体供给管路11供应给气体轨1。借助布置在气体供给管路11中的气体压力调节器4来调节对输送到气体轨1中的燃料的计量。以这种方式,同时实现对气体轨1中的压力的压力调节。在燃料泵10与气体压力调节器4之间,在气体供给管路11中布置有热交换器12和中间存储器13。为了防止气体箱9中出现过压,在气体箱9上设置安全阀14,在达到最大允许的极值时该安全阀打开并且将气态燃料排放到环境中。在中间存储器13上设置有另一安全阀15。通过气体压力调节器4可以引起气体轨1的压力卸载,为此该气体压力调节器经由回流管路16与气体箱9连接。布置在回流管路16中的止回阀17防止气态燃料从气体箱9到达回流管路16中。
此外,在图1中所示的燃料系统包括液态燃料箱18和燃料泵20,借助该燃料泵将液态燃料从液态燃料箱18中提取并且经由液态燃料供给管路19供应给液态燃料轨2。液态燃料轨2中的压力调节通过燃料泵20处的量控制来实现。设置有限压阀21,该限压阀经由回流管路22连到液态燃料箱18上。
液态燃料不仅作为用于控制双燃料喷射器3的控制介质,而且还用于控制气体压力调节器4。为此,气体压力调节器4经由输入节流装置5连接到液态燃料轨2上。为了改变控制压力,还设置有可电操控的溢流阀6,该溢流阀将过量的液态燃料量经由回流管路22引回到液态燃料箱18中。因此,根据溢流阀6的切换位态可以改变气体压力调节器4中的控制压力。气体压力调节器4和溢流阀6在所示燃料系统中构成实施为结构单元的压力调节单元23。
借助压力传感器7监测气体轨1中的压力。在液态燃料轨2上设置有另一压力传感器8。因为压力传感器7,8带有公差并且该公差的大小可以取决于样本而不同,所以根据本发明的方法随燃料系统投入运行而实施对这两个压力传感器7,8的校准。该校准在内燃机的滑行阶段(Schubphase)或怠速阶段期间在学习运行模式中进行。为了实施该校准所需的步骤在图2中以图形的方式示出。这些步骤借助控制器(未示出)来实施,为此该控制器获得压力传感器7,8的传感器信号并且经由控制线路(未示出)与可电操控的溢流阀6连接。
在学习运行模式中,首先如此强烈地对溢流阀6通电,使得该溢流阀可靠地闭合。经由输入节流装置5为气体压力调节器4供应如此多的来自液态燃料轨2的液态燃料,直至作用在压力调节器4上的控制压力相应于该液态燃料轨中的压力。气体压力调节器4按照压力天平的方式将气体轨1中的压力精确地调设到液态燃料轨2中的压力,使得在这两个轨1,2中存在相同的压力。学习运行模式中的这种状况是这两个压力传感器7,8的待进行的校准的初始状况。
如示例性地在图2中所示那样,首先在步骤A和B中求取这两个压力传感器7,8的平均压力。接着,在步骤C中进行校准并且求取这两个压力传感器7,8之间的差值或者说偏差。如果存在偏差,则在步骤D中进行修正,其方式是,以一个偏移值K相应地对至少一个压力传感器7,8进行适配。该偏移值K优选存储在控制器中,使得在内燃机重新启动之后,可以以相应的偏移值K来初始化相应的压力传感器7,8。
在完成对压力传感器7,8的校准之后,可以将液态燃料轨2中的压力调设为最小高于气体轨1中的压力。由此,防止气体泄漏到液态燃料区域中。同时,以这种方式使液态燃料到气体区域中的泄漏最小化,使得即使在内燃机的滑行或怠速运行中也能将泄漏量限制到可承受的程度。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于运行内燃机的燃料系统的方法,该燃料系统包括用于气态的第一燃料的气体轨(1)和用于液态的第二燃料的液态燃料轨(2)以及至少一个附接到所述气体轨(1)和所述液态燃料轨(2)上的双燃料喷射器(3),该双燃料喷射器用于将燃料吹入或喷射到所述内燃机的燃烧室中,其中,借助受液压控制的气体压力调节器(4)来调节所述气体轨(1)中的压力,为了进行液压控制,经由输入节流装置(5)将来自所述液态燃料轨(2)的液态燃料供应给该气体压力调节器,其特征在于,在学习运行模式中,强制使所述气体轨(1)中的压力等同于所述液态燃料轨中的压力,其方式是,将能电操控的溢流阀(6)闭合,直至所述气体压力调节器(4)按照压力天平的方式已将所述气体轨(1)中的压力已调设到所述液态燃料轨(2)中的压力,所述溢流阀用于将供应给所述气体压力调节器(4)的液态燃料量引回。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述内燃机的滑行运行或怠速运行中将所述燃料系统置于所述学习运行模式中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述学习运行模式中,将布置在所述气体轨(1)上的第一压力传感器(7)与布置在所述液态燃料轨(2)上的第二压力传感器(8)进行校准。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述学习运行模式中求取两个压力传感器(7,8)的平均压力,并且在存在差值的情况下,通过适配至少一个压力传感器(7,8)来平衡该差值。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,使为了适配压力传感器(7,8)所调设的偏移值在学习运行模式之外被保持和/或在所述内燃机停机时被存储,使得在重新启动时以所存储的偏移值来初始化相应的压力传感器(7,8)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述学习运行模式之外,将在所述液态燃料轨(2)中的压力调设到比所述气体轨(1)中的压力高的值,其中,压力差优选小于20bar,进一步优选小于10bar,并且特别优选为5bar或更小。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法至少部分地借助控制器来实施,为此,所述控制器优选以传输数据的方式与所述溢流阀(6)和/或与所述压力传感器(7,8)连接。
8.一种控制器,其设置为用于实施根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
9.一种用于内燃机的燃料系统,该燃料系统包括用于气态的第一燃料的气体轨(1)和用于液态的第二燃料的液态燃料轨(2)以及至少一个附接到所述气体轨(1)和所述液态燃料轨(2)上的双燃料喷射器(3),该双燃料喷射器用于将燃料吹入或喷射到所述内燃机的燃烧室中,该燃料系统还包括用于调节所述气体轨(1)中的气体压力的、受液压控制的气体压力调节器(4),用于将供应给所述气体轨(1)的液态燃料量引回的、能电操控的溢流阀(6),以及根据权利要求8所述的控制器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的燃料系统,其特征在于,在所述气体轨(1)上布置有第一压力传感器(7),并且在所述液态燃料轨(2)上布置有第二压力传感器(8)。
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