CN111939910B - 铁掺杂氧化铝材料制备方法以及在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢上的应用 - Google Patents
铁掺杂氧化铝材料制备方法以及在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢上的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012692 Fe precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
- C01B17/0426—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process characterised by the catalytic conversion
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铁掺杂氧化铝材料及其制备方法以及在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢上的应用,属于材料制备及催化脱硫的技术领域。将铝源和铁源进行两步热处理,即得到所述的铁掺杂氧化铝材料催化剂。利用廉价前驱体合成铁掺杂氧化铝材料催化剂,能有效地将硫化氢气体氧化成硫单质,并且具有较高的转换效率和选择性,同时反应在室温可见光下进行,相比传统热催化可以大大降低能耗。本发明工艺简单,成本低,可大规模生产,符合实际生产需要,有较大的应用潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备及催化脱硫技术领域,具体涉及一种铁掺杂氧化铝材料及其制备方法以及在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢上的应用。
背景技术
为了保护环境和实现资源的有效利用,工业尾气排放和处理受到日益关注。大部分工业尾气中的挥发性有机硫因其污染范围广、化学稳定性强、不易被吸附等特点成为最难处理的化学物质之一。目前,对有机硫的主要脱除手段包括湿法脱除、加氢还原、干法催化脱除等。干法催化脱除是通过水解、催化的方式将有机硫进行转化,其具有转化效率高、反应条件温和、成本低廉等特点,是应用最为广泛的脱硫方法之一。但是,在反应过程中会生成大量具有恶臭和毒性的硫化氢气体。因此,寻找一种合适的催化剂和反应体系,实现对硫化氢气体的高效处理具有重要的意义。
目前工业上主要采用Claus工艺处理硫化氢气体,在高温条件下通过选择性氧化对硫化氢进行选择性氧化,最终产物是硫单质和水。由于该反应是放热反应,高温条件下受热力学限制,H2S不能完全转化,即便发展多级Claus工艺后,仍难以将硫化氢浓度降解至0.1mg/Nm3以下。
近几年,光催化深度氧化技术具有选择性好、反应条件温和等特点逐渐受到人们的关注。光催化氧化过程的基本原理是半导体吸收光能生成光生电子,与吸附在催化剂表面的氧物种发生反应生成过氧自由基或超氧自由基,进而将污染物氧化降解。氧化铁是一种常见的光催化剂,具有优异的吸光能力和化学稳定性,但由于光催化材料表面的Fe原子易与硫原子生成Fe-S键,导致光催化剂失活。氧化铝比表面积大,化学性质稳定,是一种理想的催化剂载体。我们将Fe均匀分散于氧化铝材料的骨架中,改善了Fe/Al2O3材料的禁带结构和表面结构,能有效地将H2S光催化转化,并具有优异的催化性能和稳定性。综上,本发明成功制备了一种选择性氧化硫化氢光催化剂,为硫化氢光催化转化的实际应用提供了一种可能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铁掺杂氧化铝材料制备方法以及在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢上的应用,本发明制备的铁掺杂氧化铝催化剂能够在室温可见光条件下高效地实现H2S气体的氧化得到硫磺,并且具有较好的选择性和寿命。本发明工艺简单、成本低、效率高,符合实际生产需要,有较大的应用前景。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种铁掺杂氧化铝材料,样品收率高;在可见光下能有效地将硫化氢气体选择性氧化为硫单质,转化率和稳定性高。
具体制备方法是将铝源和铁源两步热处理后,生成具有光催化选择性氧化硫化氢的铁掺杂氧化铝材料。
所述铝源为可水解性铝盐中的任意一种,更优选地,具体为氯化铝、硫酸铝、硝酸铝中的任意一种。
所述铁源为可水解性铁盐中的任意一种,更优选地,具体为氯化铁、硝酸铁、硫酸铁中的任意一种。
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将铝源、铁源和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,用碱液调节溶液pH;其中铝源、铁源和水的质量比例为1:x:5,0≤x≤1;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶进行油浴,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中高温处理;
4)将3)所得粉末,即为铁掺杂氧化铝材料。
步骤1)中铝源、铁源在水中搅拌1h、充分溶解;后用碱液调节溶液pH至7。
步骤1)所述碱液具体为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、尿素、氨水中的任意一种。
步骤2)所述油浴具体为100℃油浴中保温12h。
步骤3)中所述高温处理具体为升温到600℃,并保温2h。
所述铁掺杂氧化铝材料在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢中具有优异的转化率和选择性。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明提供了一种简单热处理制备光响应的铁掺杂氧化铝催化剂的方法,其铝、铁前驱体价格低廉,且材料收率高。
(2)该材料光催化剂能高效地将硫化氢气体选择性氧化成硫磺单质,并且具有高选择性和较好的稳定性。
(3)本发明的整个工艺过程简单易控制,能耗低、产率高、成本低,符合实际生产需要,有利于大规模的推广。
附图说明
图1为对比例和实施例1-3所得的不同铁掺杂量的氧化铝催化剂的XRD图;
图2为对比例和实施例1-3所得的不同铁掺杂量的氧化铝催化剂的DRS图;
图3为对比例和实施例1-3所得的不同铁掺杂量的氧化铝催化剂对硫化氢气体光催化选择性氧化活性图;
图4为实施例2所得的铁掺杂氧化铝催化剂对硫化氢气体光催化选择性氧化寿命图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
对比例
1)将质量比例为1:5的硝酸铝和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,后用氨水调节溶液pH至7;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶在100℃油浴中保温处理12h,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,并保温2h;
4)将3)所得粉末即为氧化铝材料Al2O3,收率95%以上。
实施例1
1)将质量比例为1:0.008:5的硝酸铝、氯化铁和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,后用氨水调节溶液pH至7;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶在100℃油浴中保温处理12h,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,并保温2h;
4)将3)所得粉末即为铁掺杂氧化铝材料Fe1/Al2O3,收率95%以上。
实施例2
1)将质量比例为1:0.04:5的硝酸铝、氯化铁和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,后用氨水调节溶液pH至7;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶在100℃油浴中保温处理12h,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,并保温2h;
4)将3)所得粉末即为铁掺杂氧化铝材料Fe2/Al2O3,收率95%以上。
实施例3
1)将质量比例为1:0.2:5硝酸铝、氯化铁和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,后用氨水调节溶液pH至7;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶在100℃油浴中保温处理12h,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,并保温2h;
4)将3)所得粉末即为铁掺杂氧化铝材料Fe3/Al2O3,收率95%以上。
实施例4
1)将质量比例为1:0.2:5硝酸铝、氯化铁和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,后用尿素调节溶液pH至7;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶在100℃油浴中保温处理12h,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,并保温2h;
4)将3)所得粉末即为铁掺杂氧化铝材料Fe3/Al2O3,收率95%以上。
图1为对比例和实施例1-3所得的不同铁掺杂量的氧化铝催化剂的XRD图,表明所制得产物主体是氧化铝。
图2为对比例和实施例1-3所得的不同铁掺杂量的氧化铝催化剂的DRS图,表明随着铁含量的增加,样品的吸光能力增强。
图3为对比例和实施例1-3所得的不同铁掺杂量的氧化铝催化剂在含20ppm硫化氢、10ppm氧气的混合气中,空速为3600ml·g-1·h-1的流速下,对硫化氢气体选择性氧化活性图。从图中可以看出,对硫化氢的转化率最高可以达到99.9%以上,并且没有二氧化硫生成。
图4为实施例2所得的铁掺杂氧化铝催化剂在含20ppm硫化氢、10ppm氧气的混合气中,空速为3600ml·g-1·h-1的流速下,对硫化氢气体选择性氧化寿命图。可以看出,所得催化剂进行连续脱硫48小时其对单质硫的产率保持在99%以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种铁掺杂氧化铝材料在光催化选择性氧化硫化氢上的应用,其特征在于:所述铁掺杂氧化铝材料是将铝源和铁源两步热处理后,生成铁掺杂氧化铝材料;所述铝源为可水解性铝盐中的任意一种;所述铁源为可水解性铁盐中的任意一种;具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将铝源、铁源和水放入烧瓶中搅拌、充分溶解,用碱液调节溶液pH;其中铝源、铁源和水的质量比例为1:x:5,0≤x≤1;
2)将步骤1)中烧瓶进行油浴,待固体逐渐析出;
3)将2)所得到固体放入坩埚中,在马弗炉中高温处理;
4)将3)所得粉末,即为铁掺杂氧化铝材料;
步骤1)中铝源、铁源在水中搅拌1h、充分溶解;后用碱液调节溶液pH至7;步骤2)所述油浴具体为100 ℃油浴中保温12h;
步骤3)中所述高温处理具体为升温到600 ℃,并保温2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤1)所述碱液具体为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、尿素、氨水中的任意一种。
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