CN111925225A - 一种轻质高温低导热坩埚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种轻质高温低导热坩埚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轻质高温低导热坩埚及其制备方法，所述无机低介电损耗纤维包括石英纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化铝纤维或硼硅酸铝纤维。所述坩埚采用无机低介电损耗纤维通过模具压滤成型制备。本发明技术方案提供了一种耐高温、低介电损耗、孔隙率高、热导率低的超轻质坩埚材料，针对新兴微波冶炼行业对透微波、高效隔热材料的迫切需求，提供了一种新型配套装备，对冶炼行业的发展具有重要的应用意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐高温隔热材料技术领域，具体提供一种轻质高温低导热坩埚材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
微波是指频率为300MHz～300GHz的电磁波，微波加热的基本原理是：在高频电磁作用下，介质材料中的极性分子从原来的随机分布状态转向按电场的极性排列取向，取向运动以每秒数十亿的频率不断变化，从而造成分子剧烈运动与碰撞摩擦，产生热量，使介质温度不断升高。微波具有穿透性、选择加热、加热均匀等特性。微波具有穿透性，减少物料在传统加热方式下翻腾的现象，避免产生大量的烟尘。微波具有选择加热的特性，微波只对金属氧化物进行加热，而对脉石等无法利用的矿石不加热，对能源进行了有效利用。此外，微波对物料加热是对物料内外同时加热的，对物料加热比较均匀，避免传统加热由外而内进行加热，避免“冷中心”问题。
微波冶炼行业属于新兴行业，将微波加热技术应用于冶金工业，是冶金技术的一次革命，微波冶金具有节能、高效、易于自动控制、保护环境等优点。
坩埚以致密材料为主，主要用于烧结，一般坩埚材料采用陶瓷粉体，制备致密的坩埚用于耐高温烧制其它材料，由于近年来微波冶炼方式逐渐增多，传统的坩埚材料透波性能较差，现有的坩埚无法满足行业需求。
DE10217958A1,生产的一种坩埚用于熔融硅中使用的光生伏打应用包括衬的石墨或莫来石坩埚与石英纤维状组织,，公开了：用于熔化硅的坩埚的制造方法，适用于光伏应用特征在于，是由石墨坩埚或莫来石与石英纤维织物内衬。该专利公开的技术制造的坩埚也无法满足微波冶炼行业的要求。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是针对上述存在的问题，提供一种轻质高温低导热坩埚及其制备方法，解决了传统的坩埚材料密度大、透波性能较差的问题，提供耐高温、低介电损耗，孔隙率高、热导率低的坩埚进行微波冶炼。.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种轻质高温低导热坩埚，所述坩埚采用无机低介电损耗纤维通过模具压滤成型制备。
所述无机低介电损耗纤维包括石英纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化铝纤维或硼硅酸铝纤维，其本征的介电损耗在10-3数量级。
采用无机低介电损耗纤维制备轻质微波冶炼用坩埚属于针对新兴行业需求制备的新型配套装备，具有重要的应用意义。
所述坩埚的原料组成配比为：上述任意两种无机低介电损耗纤维，比例为9:1～5:5，辅助原料为硅溶胶，其质量为纤维质量的0.5～4倍，BN粉(纳米氮化硼)，其质量为纤维质量的1～8％，聚丙烯酰胺，其质量为纤维质量0.01～0.5％。
一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，所述方法实现步骤包括内容如下：
1)原料配比：选择上述任意两种无机低介电损耗纤维，比例＝9:1～5:5，辅助原料为硅溶胶，其质量为纤维质量0.5～4倍，BN粉，其质量为纤维质量的1～8％，聚丙烯酰胺，其质量为纤维质量0.01～0.5％；
2)将上述原料按质量比称取后加入到水中，分散；
3)分散后，通过坩埚模具压滤脱水成型，带模干燥；
4)带模干燥后，脱模置于烘箱烘干；
5)烘干后，于马弗炉中烧结。
所述步骤2)中，水的质量为纤维质量的5～50倍。
所述步骤3)中，压滤脱水成型的压力控制在3～5MPa。
所述步骤4)中，烘干温度为50～150℃。
所述步骤5)中，烧结温度为1100～1500℃。
所述步骤3)中，坩埚模具的底部及四周侧壁为实体封闭结构，模具顶部为多孔结构，并铺设一层多孔筛网，以便于多余的水从顶部排出，实现隔热坩埚坯体的成型，根据坩埚产品形状设计，可以为圆形、方形或其它异型规格形状。
与现有技术相比，本发明一种轻质高温低导热坩埚及其制备方法具有以下突出的有益效果：
本发明技术方案提供了一种耐高温、低介电损耗、孔隙率高、热导率低的超轻质坩埚材料，针对新兴微波冶炼行业对透微波、高效隔热材料的迫切需求，提供了一种新型配套装备，对冶炼行业的发展具有重要的应用意义。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例，对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
采用石英纤维制备轻质高温低导热坩埚，工艺步骤如下：
1)原料配比：石英纤维、氧化铝纤维比例为9:1，辅助原料为硅溶胶为纤维质量0.5倍，BN粉为纤维质量的1％，聚丙烯酰胺为纤维质量0.01％；
2)将上述原料按质量比称取后加入到石英纤维、氧化铝纤维质量的5倍的水中，分散；
3)分散后，通过坩埚模具压滤脱水成型，压力控制在3MPa，带模干燥；
4)带模干燥后，脱模置于烘箱50℃烘干；
5)烘干后，于马弗炉中烧结，烧结温度1100℃。
制备出隔热材料的密度0.20g/cm3，介电损耗小于8×10-3，介电常数小于1.5，常温导热系数小于0.040W/m·K，1000℃导热系数小于0.100W/m·K。使用温度1200℃以下，可用于1200℃以下微波炉烧蚀试验及测试使用。
实施例2
采用莫来石纤维制备轻质高温低导热坩埚，工艺步骤如下：
1)原料配比：莫来石纤维、氧化铝纤维比例为5:5，辅助原料为硅溶胶为纤维质量4倍，BN粉为纤维质量的8％，聚丙烯酰胺为纤维质量0.5％；
2)将上述原料按质量比称取后加入到莫来石纤维、氧化铝纤维质量的50倍的水中，分散；
3)分散后，通过坩埚模具压滤脱水成型，压力控制在5MPa，带模干燥；
4)带模干燥后，脱模置于烘箱中以150℃烘干；
5)烘干后，于马弗炉中烧结，烧结温度1400℃。
制备出隔热材料的密度0.50g/cm3，介电损耗小于8×10-3，介电常数小于2.5，常温导热系数小于0.060W/m·K，1000℃导热系数小于0.12W/m·K。使用温度1350℃，可用于1350℃以下微波炉烧蚀试验及测试使用。
实施例3
采用硼硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维制备轻质高温低导热坩埚，工艺步骤如下：
1)原料配比：硼硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维比例为7:3，辅助原料为硅溶胶为纤维质量2.25倍，BN粉为纤维质量的4.5％，聚丙烯酰胺为纤维质量0.25％；
2)将上述原料按质量比称取后加入到硼硅酸铝纤维、氧化铝纤维质量的25倍的水中，分散；
3)分散后，通过坩埚模具压滤脱水成型，压力控制在4MPa，带模干燥；
4)带模干燥后，脱模置于烘箱100℃烘干；
5)烘干后，于马弗炉中烧结，烧结温度1175℃。
制备出隔热材料的密度0.35g/cm3，介电损耗小于8×10-3，介电常数小于2.0，常温导热系数小于0.050W/m·K，1000℃导热系数小于0.13W/m·K。使用温度1100℃以下，可用于1100℃以下微波炉烧蚀试验及测试使用。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种轻质高温低导热坩埚，其特征在于，所述坩埚采用无机低介电损耗纤维通过模具压滤成型制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述无机低介电损耗纤维包括石英纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化铝纤维或硼硅酸铝纤维，其本征的介电损耗在10-3数量级。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚，其特征在于，所述坩埚的原料组成配比为：任意两种无机低介电损耗纤维，比例为9:1～5:5，辅助原料为硅溶胶，其质量为纤维质量的0.5～4倍，BN粉，其质量为纤维质量的1～8％，聚丙烯酰胺，其质量为纤维质量0.01～0.5％。
4.一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法实现步骤包括内容如下：
1)原料配比：选择任意两种无机低介电损耗纤维，比例为9:1～5:5，辅助原料为硅溶胶为纤维质量0.5～4倍，BN粉为纤维质量的1～8％，聚丙烯酰胺为纤维质量0.01～0.5％；
2)将上述原料按质量比称取后加入到水中，分散；
3)分散后，通过坩埚模具压滤脱水成型，带模干燥；
4)带模干燥后，脱模置于烘箱烘干；
5)烘干后，于马弗炉中烧结。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述无机低介电损耗纤维包括石英纤维、莫来石纤维、氧化铝纤维或硼硅酸铝纤维。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中，水的质量为纤维质量的5～50倍。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中，压滤脱水成型的压力控制在3～5MPa。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4)中，烘干温度为50～150℃。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤5)中，烧结温度为1100～1500℃。
10.根据权利要求4所述的一种轻质高温低导热坩埚制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中坩埚模具为底部及侧壁是实体封闭结构，模具顶部为多孔结构，并铺设一层多孔筛网。
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