CN111909173A - 苯并氧氮杂*噁唑烷酮化合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
苯并氧氮杂*噁唑烷酮化合物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
依据37 CFR§1.53(b)提交的本非临时申请要求依据35 USC§119(e)于2015年7月2日提交的美国临时申请第62/188,029号的权益,通过引用将其整体并入本申请。
技术领域
背景技术
磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/Akt信号传导途径的上调是大多数癌症的共同特征(Yuan和Cantley(2008)Oncogene 27:5497-510)。所述途径的遗传变异已在多种人类癌症中检测到(Osaka等(2004)Apoptosis 9:667-76)并主要起刺激细胞增殖、迁移和存活的作用。所述途径的活化发生在活化编码p110α(alpha)PI3K同工型的PIK3CA基因的点突变或扩增后(Hennessy等(2005)Nat.Rev.Drug Discov.4:988-1004)。肿瘤抑制因子PTEN(一种具有与PI3K相反功能的磷酸酶)中功能突变的遗传缺失或丧失也增加PI3K途径信号传导(Zhang和Yu(2010)Clin.Cancer Res.16:4325-30)。这些畸变通过激酶诸如Akt和mTOR增加下游信号传导且PI3K途径的活性增加已被提出作为对癌症治疗具有抗性的标志(Opel等(2007)Cancer Res.67:735-45;Razis等(2011)Breast Cancer Res.Treat.128:447-56)。
磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)是淋巴瘤关键存活和生长信号的主要信号传导节点且被磷酸酶PTEN的活性所对抗。磷酸肌醇3-依赖性激酶(PI3K)信号途径是激素受体阳性乳腺癌(HR+BC)中失调最严重的途径。PI3K途径在侵袭性形式的淋巴瘤中是失调的(Abubaker(2007)Leukemia 21:2368-2370)。8%的DLBCL(弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤)癌症具有PI3CA(磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶催化亚基α)错义突变且通过免疫组织化学测试37%为PTEN阴性。
磷脂酰肌醇是在细胞膜中发现的多种磷脂中的一种且参与细胞内信号转导。经由3’-磷酸化磷酸肌醇的细胞信号传导牵涉多种细胞过程例如恶性转化、生长因子信号传导、炎症和免疫(Rameh等(1999)J.Biol Chem.274:8347-8350)。负责生成这些磷酸化信号传导产物的酶即磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(也称为PI3激酶或PI3K)最初被鉴定为具有与病毒癌蛋白和生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶相关的活性,其对磷脂酰肌醇(PI)及其在肌醇环的3’-羟基的磷酸化衍生物进行磷酸化(Panayotou等(1992)Trends Cell Biol 2:358-60)。磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)是在肌醇环的3-羟基对脂质进行磷酸化的脂质激酶(Whitman等(1988)Nature,332:664)。通过PI3激酶生成的3-磷酸化磷脂(PIP3)充当第二信使,其募集具有脂质结合域(包括普列克底物蛋白同源(PH)区)的激酶诸如Akt和PDK1(磷酸肌醇依赖性激酶1)(Vivanco等(2002)Nature Rev.Cancer 2:489;Phillips等(1998)Cancer 83:41)。
PI3激酶家族包括按结构同源性细分的至少15种不同的酶且根据序列同源性和通过酶催化形成的产物而分为三类。I类PI3激酶由2个亚基构成:110kd催化亚基和85kd调节亚基。所述调节亚基含有SH2结构域并结合至通过具有酪氨酸激酶活性的生长因子受体或癌基因产物而磷酸化的酪氨酸残基,从而诱导p110催化亚基的PI3K活性,其对其脂质底物进行磷酸化。I类PI3激酶牵涉细胞因子、整合素、生长因子和免疫受体下游的重要信号转到事件,这表明控制该途径可引起重要的治疗作用诸如调节细胞增殖和癌变。I类PI3K可对磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸和磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸(PIP2)进行磷酸化以分别产生磷脂酰肌醇-3-磷酸(PIP)、磷脂酰肌醇-3,4-二磷酸和磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸。II类PI3K对PI和磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸进行磷酸化。III类PI3K仅可对PI进行磷酸化。如在p110α中反复出现的癌基因突变所示,癌症中的关键PI3激酶同工型为I类PI3激酶p110α(Samuels等(2004)Science 304:554;US5824492;US5846824;US6274327)。其它同工型在癌症中可为重要的且也牵涉心血管和免疫炎性疾病(Workman P(2004)Biochem Soc Trans 32:393-396;Patel等(2004)Proc.Am.Assoc.of Cancer Res.(Abstract LB-247)95th AnnualMeeting,March 27-31,Orlando,Florida,USA;Ahmadi K和Waterfield MD(2004)“Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase:Function and Mechanisms”Encyclopedia of BiologicalChemistry(Lennarz W J,Lane M D eds)Elsevier/Academic Press)。已在结肠、乳腺、脑、肝、卵巢、胃、肺和头颈实体瘤中非常频繁地发现p110α的癌基因突变。约35-40%的激素受体阳性(HR+)乳腺癌肿瘤具有PIK3CA突变。已在成胶质细胞瘤、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、头颈癌、肝细胞癌和甲状腺癌中发现PTEN异常。
PI3激酶(PI3K)是由p85和p110亚基构成的杂二聚体(Otsu等(1991)Cell65:91-104;Hiles等(1992)Cell 70:419-29)。已鉴定出四种不同的I类PI3K,其被指定为PI3Kα、β、δ和ω且各自由不同的110kDa催化亚基和调节亚基构成。催化亚基中的三种即p110α、p110β和p110δ各自与相同的调节亚基p85相互作用;而p110γ与不同的调节亚基p101相互作用。这些PI3K各自在人类细胞和组织中的表达模式是不同的。在PI3Kα、β和δ亚型的每个中,p85亚基通过其SH2结构域与靶蛋白中的磷酸化酪氨酸残基(存在于适当的序列背景中)相互作用将PI3激酶定位于质膜(Rameh等(1995)Cell,83:821-30;Volinia等(1992)Oncogene,7:789-93)。
PI3激酶/Akt/PTEN途径是癌症药物开发中有吸引力的靶标,这是因为这样的药物被预期抑制细胞增殖、抑制来自维持癌细胞存活和化学抗性的间质细胞的信号、逆转对凋亡的阻抑和克服癌细胞对细胞毒性剂的内在抗性。PI3K通过受体酪氨酸激酶信号传导以及活化PI3K的p110催化亚基中的突变,肿瘤抑制剂PTEN的丧失或通过AKT中罕见的活化突变而被活化。
Taselisib(GDC-0032,Roche RG7604,CAS登记号1282512-48-4,Genentech Inc.)被命名为2-(4-(2-(1-异丙基-3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-9-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基丙酰胺,具有强效的PI3K活性(Ndubaku,C.O.等(2013)J.Med.Chem.56:4597-4610;WO2011/036280;US8242104;US8343955)且在患有局部晚期或转移性实体瘤的患者中正在进行研究。Taselisib(GDC-0032)是PI3K催化亚基的β-同种型保留抑制剂,与β亚基相比,对α亚基选择性更高,为31倍。与野生型PI3Kα相比,Taselisib对突变体PI3Kα同种型展现出更高的选择性(Olivero AG等,AACR 2013.Abstract DDT02-01)。Taselisib目前正在开发用于治疗具有雌激素受体(ER)阳性、HER2阴性转移性乳腺癌(mBC)和非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者。在使用单药taselisib的Ia期研究中,在6/34登记患者中观察到部分响应(PR)。在具有PIK3CA突变肿瘤患者中观察到所有6个响应(Juric D.等.AACR 2013),表明需要确定用taselisib治疗的患者的PIK3CA突变状态。
最近PI3K抑制剂的临床数据已经暗示PI3Kδ活性作为胃肠毒性的来源(Akinleye等Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)inhibitors as cancer therapeutics”Journal of Hematology&Oncology 2013,6:88-104;C.Saura等“Phase Ib Study of thePI3K Inhibitor Taselisib(GDC-0032)in Combination with Letrozole in Patientswith Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer”San Antonio BreastCancer Symposium-December 12,2014,PD5-2;Lopez等“Taselisib,a selectiveinhibitor of PIK3CA,is highly effective on PIK3CA-mutated and HER2/neuamplified uterine serous carcinoma in vitro and in vivo”(2014)GynecologicOncology)。
将Idelalisib(GS-1101,CAL-101,Gilead Sciences Inc.,CASReg.No.870281-82-6,5-氟-3-苯基-2-[(1S)-1-(7H-嘌呤-6-基氨基)丙基]-4(3H)-喹唑啉酮)是一种选择性PI3Kδ(delta)抑制剂,并被批准用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞性白血病CLL(Somoza,J.R.et al(2015)J.Biol.Chem.290:8439-8446;US 6800620;US 6949535;US8138195;US 8492389;US 8637533;US 8865730;US 8980901;RE44599;RE44638)。腹泻和结肠炎是idelalisib治疗后报道的最常见的不良事件之一(Brown等“Idelalisib,aninhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110d,for relapsed/refractorychronic lymphocytic leukemia”(2014)Blood 123(22):3390-3397;Prescribing Information 2014; REMS Fact Sheet)。用idelalisib治疗后观察到的显著的GI毒性与PI3Kδ(delta)的抑制是胃肠道毒性的来源的假设一致。在idelalisib与其他疗法组合的临床试验中还观察到其他严重的副作用。包括死亡在内的不良事件与诸如肺炎等感染有关。2016年3月,EMA的药物警戒风险评估委员会(Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee)(PRAC)发布临时警告,并建议患者接受抗生素联合治疗,并在服用Zydelig(idelalisib)时定期监测感染情况。2016年3月,美国食品和药物管理局发布警告,“由于报告包括死亡在内的不良事件发生率增加,六项正在探索idelalisib与其他疗法组合的临床试验已被中止”。
需要另外的用于治疗癌症的PI3Kα调节剂,特别是相对于表达非突变体PI3Kα的细胞对表达突变体PI3Kα的肿瘤具有选择性的PI3Kα的抑制剂。尤其需要选择性地抑制相对于PI3Kβ、PI3Kδ和PI3Kγ同种型的PI3Kα同种型的试剂,这可预期导致增强的治疗窗口。
发明内容
及其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体和药学上可接受的盐。各种取代基在本申请中定义。
本发明的另一个方面为用于治疗性处置乳腺癌的试剂盒,其包含:
b)用于治疗性处置乳腺癌的说明书。
附图说明
图1示出PI3Kα与以下物质的x射线共晶体结构:A)taselisib(GDC-0032)、B)US8242104的化合物529、C)化合物101和D)化合物103。
图2示出PI3Kα与以下物质的x射线共晶体结构:A)taselisib(GDC-0032)和B)化合物101。
图3A示出在HCC-1954细胞(PI3Kα突变体H1047R)中用化合物101、化合物103和US8242104的化合物436处理24小时后描述p110α(p110a,p110 alpha)水平的蛋白质免疫印迹数据。
图3B示出在HDQ-P1细胞(PI3Kα野生型)中用化合物101、化合物103和US 8242104的化合物436处理24小时后描述p110α(p110a,p110 alpha)水平的蛋白质免疫印迹数据。
具体实施方式
现将详细描述本发明某些实施方案,其实施例在所附结构和式中说明。当结合所列实施方案来描述本发明时,应理解的是,所述实施方案不是意在将本发明限于这些实施方案。相反地,本发明意在包括可包括在如权利要求书所定义的本发明范围内的所有可选形式、修改形式和等价形式。本领域技术人员将认识到与本申请描述的方法和物质类似或等价的可用于实施本发明的多种方法和物质。本发明绝不限于所描述的方法和物质。若一篇或多篇所引入的文献、专利和类似材料与本申请不同或矛盾(包括但不限于所定义的术语、术语用法、所描述的技术等),则以本申请为准。除非另有定义,否则本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属领域技术人员通常所理解相同的含义。虽然与本申请所述那些方法和材料类似或等同的方法和材料可用于实施或测试本发明,但是以下描述了适当的方法和材料。通过引用的方式将本申请提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利及其它参考文献全部引入到本申请中。除非另有说明,否则本申请使用的命名法基于IUPAC系统命名法
定义
当说明取代基数目时,术语“一个或多个”是指一个取代基至最大可能数目的取代情况,即用取代基替换一个氢至替换全部氢。术语“取代基”表示对母体分子上的氢原子进行替换的原子或原子团。术语“经取代的”表示指定基团带有一个或多个取代基。当任何基团可带有多个取代基且提供各种可能取代基时,所述取代基是独立选择的且无需相同。术语“未经取代的”是指指定基团不带有取代基。术语“任选取代的”是指指定基团是未取代的或被一个或多个独立选自可能取代基的取代基取代。当说明取代基数目时,术语“一个或多个”是指一个取代基至最大可能数目的取代情况,即用取代基替换一个氢至替换全部氢。
本申请使用的术语“烷基”是指具有1-12个碳原子(C1-C12)的饱和直链或支链一价烃基,其中所述烷基可任选独立取代有一个或多个下述取代基。在另一个实施方案中,烷基具有1-8个碳原子(C1-C8)或1-6碳原子(C1-C6)。烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基(Me,-CH3)、乙基(Et,-CH2CH3)、1-丙基(n-Pr,正丙基,-CH2CH2CH3)、2-丙基(i-Pr,异丙基,-CH(CH3)2)、1-丁基(n-Bu,正丁基,-CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-甲基-1-丙基(i-Bu,异丁基,-CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-丁基(s-Bu,仲丁基,-CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、2-甲基-2-丙基(t-Bu,叔丁基,-C(CH3)3)、1-戊基(正戊基,-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3)、3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2)、2-甲基-1-丁基(-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、1-己基(-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3)、2-己基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CH3)、3-己基(-CH(CH2CH3)(CH2CH2CH3))、2-甲基-2-戊基(-C(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3)、3-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH3)、4-甲基-2-戊基(-CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2)、3-甲基-3-戊基(-C(CH3)(CH2CH3)2)、2-甲基-3-戊基(-CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH3)2)、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-C(CH3)2CH(CH3)2)、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基(-CH(CH3)C(CH3)3、1-庚基、1-辛基等。
术语“碳环(carbocycle)”、“碳环基(carbocyclyl)”、“碳环(carbocyclic ring)”和“环烷基(cycloalkyl)”是指具有3-12个碳原子(C3-C12)呈单环形式或具有7-12个碳原子呈二环形式的一价的非芳族的饱和或部分不饱和的环。具有7-12个原子的二环碳环可排列为例如二环[4,5]系统、二环[5,5]系统、二环[5,6]系统或二环[6,6]系统,且具有9或10个环原子的二环碳环可排列为二环[5,6]系统或二环[6,6]系统或排列为桥连系统诸如二环[2.2.1]庚烷、二环[2.2.2]辛烷和二环[3.2.2]壬烷。螺碳环基部分也包括在该定义的范围内。螺碳环基部分的实例包括[2.2]戊基、[2.3]己基和[2.4]庚基。单环碳环的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、1-环戊-1-烯基、1-环戊-2-烯基、1-环戊-3-烯基、环己基、1-环己-1-烯基、1-环己-2-烯基、1-环己-3-烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基、环十二烷基等。碳环基任选独立取代有一个或多个本申请描述的取代基。
“芳基”表示具有6-20个碳原子(C6-C20)的一价芳族烃基,其如下得到:由母体芳族环系中的单个碳原子除去一个氢原子。一些芳基在示例性结构中被表示为“Ar”。芳基包括以下二环基团,其含有与饱和环、部分不饱和环或芳族碳环稠合的芳环。典型的芳基包括但不限于由苯(苯基)、取代的苯、萘、蒽、联苯、茚基、茚满基、1,2-二氢萘、1,2,3,4-四氢萘等得到的基团。芳基可任选独立取代有一个或多个本申请描述的取代基。
术语“杂环(heterocycle)”、“杂环基(heterocyclyl)”和“杂环(heterocyclicring)”在本申请中可互换使用且是指具有3至约20个环原子的饱和或部分不饱和(即在环中具有一个或多个双键和/或叁键)的碳环基团,其中至少一个环原子为选自氮、氧、磷和硫的杂原子,其余环原子为C,其中一个或多个环原子任选独立取代有一个或多个下述取代基。杂环可为具有3-7个环成员(2-6个碳原子及1-4个选自N、O、P和S的杂原子)的单环或具有7-10个环成员(4-9个碳原子及1-6个选自N、O、P和S的杂原子)的二环(例如二环[4,5]系统、二环[5,5]系统、二环[5,6]系统或二环[6,6]系统)。杂环参见Paquette,Leo A.;“Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry”(W.A.Benjamin,New York,1968)(特别是第1、3、4、6、7和9章);“The Chemistry ofHeterocyclic Compounds,A series ofMonographs”(John Wiley&Sons,New York,1950 to present)(特别是第13、14、16、19和28卷);及J.Am.Chem.Soc.(1960)82:5566。“杂环基”还包括以下基团,其中杂环基与饱和环、部分不饱和环、芳族碳环或芳族杂环稠合。杂环的实例包括但不限于吗啉-4-基、哌啶-1-基、哌嗪基、哌嗪-4-基-2-酮、哌嗪-4-基-3-酮、吡咯烷-1-基、硫吗啉-4-基、S,S-二氧代硫吗啉-4-基、氮杂环辛烷-1-基、氮杂环丁烷-1-基、八氢吡啶并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2-基、[1,4]二氮杂环庚烷-1-基、吡咯烷基、四氢呋喃基、二氢呋喃基、四氢噻吩基、四氢吡喃基、二氢吡喃基、四氢噻喃基、哌啶子基、吗啉代、硫吗啉代、硫氧杂环己基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基、氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、高哌啶基、氧杂环庚烷基、硫杂环庚烷基、氧氮杂基、二氮杂基、硫氮杂基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、二氢吲哚基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二噁烷基、1,3-二氧杂环戊基、吡唑啉基、二硫杂环己基、二硫杂环戊基、二氢吡喃基、二氢噻吩基、二氢呋喃基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、3-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己基、3-氮杂二环[4.1.0]庚基、氮杂二环[2.2.2]己基、3H-吲哚基、喹嗪基和N-吡啶基脲基团。螺杂环基部分也包括在该定义的范围内。螺杂环基部分的实例包括氮杂螺[2.5]辛基和氮杂螺[2.4]庚基。其中2个环原子取代有氧代(=O)部分的杂环基的实例为嘧啶酮基和1,1-二氧代-硫吗啉基。
术语“杂芳基”是指呈5、6或7元环形式的一价芳族基团且包括具有5-20个原子的稠合环系(其中至少一个环是芳族的),所述杂芳基含有一个或多个独立选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子。杂芳基的实例为吡啶基(包括例如2-羟基吡啶基)、咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、嘧啶基(包括例如4-羟基嘧啶基)、吡唑基、三唑基、吡嗪基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、噁二唑基、噁唑基、异噻唑基、吡咯基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、噌啉基、吲唑基、吲嗪基、酞嗪基、哒嗪基、三嗪基、异吲哚基、蝶啶基、嘌呤基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻二唑基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噁唑基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、二氮杂萘基和呋喃并吡啶基。
术语“治疗”和“处置”是指治疗性处置,其中目的是减缓(减轻)不期望的生理变化或障碍诸如关节炎或癌症的发展或扩散。就本申请目的而言,有益或期望的临床结果包括但不限于减轻症状、降低疾病程度、稳定疾病状态(即没有恶化)、延迟或减缓疾病进程、改善或缓和疾病状态及缓解(不论是部分还是全部),不论是可检测到的还是不可检测到的。“治疗”还可指与在不接受治疗的情况下预期的存活相比使存活得以延长。需要治疗的那些人包括患有病症或障碍的那些人。
短语“治疗有效量”是指本发明化合物的以下量,其(i)治疗具体疾病、病症或障碍;(ii)减轻、改善或消除具体疾病、病症或障碍的一种或多种症状;或(iii)预防或延迟本申请所述具体疾病、病症或障碍的一种或多种症状的发作。在癌症的情况下,治疗有效量的药物可减少癌细胞的数目;减小肿瘤尺寸;抑制(即在一定程度上减缓且优选停止)癌细胞浸润到周围器官中;抑制(即在一定程度上减缓且优选停止)肿瘤转移;在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长;和/或在一定程度上减轻与癌症相关的一种或多种症状。药物可在一定程度上防止癌细胞生长和/或杀死现有癌细胞,其可为抑制细胞生长和/或细胞毒性的。对于癌症疗法,效力可例如通过评价疾病进展时间(TTP)和/或确定应答率(RR)来测定。
术语“癌症”是指或用于描述哺乳动物中通常以细胞生长失调为特征的生理学状态。“肿瘤”包含一种或多种癌性细胞。癌症的实例包括但不限于癌瘤、淋巴瘤、胚细胞瘤、肉瘤和白血病或淋巴样恶性肿瘤。上述癌症的更具体实例包括鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌);肺癌,包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(“NSCLC”)、肺腺癌和肺鳞状细胞癌;腹膜癌;肝细胞癌;胃部癌症或胃癌,包括胃肠癌;胰腺癌;成胶质细胞瘤;宫颈癌;卵巢癌;肝癌;膀胱癌;肝瘤;乳腺癌;结肠癌;直肠癌;结肠直肠癌;子宫内膜癌或子宫癌;唾液腺癌;肾部癌症或肾癌;前列腺癌;外阴癌;甲状腺癌;肝癌瘤;肛门癌;阴茎癌;及头颈癌。
“血液学恶性肿瘤”是影响血液、骨髓和淋巴结的癌症类型。由于这三者通过免疫系统密切相关,影响这三者之一的疾病通常也将影响其它两者:尽管淋巴瘤是一种淋巴结疾病,但它常常扩散到骨髓从而影响血液。血液学恶性肿瘤是恶性肿瘤(“癌症”)且通常由血液学和/或肿瘤学专家治疗。“血液学/肿瘤学”在一些中心是内科医学下的一个亚专科,而在其它中心被认为是单独的部门(其中也有外科和放射肿瘤学家)。不是所有血液学疾病都是恶性(“癌性”)的;这些其它血液疾病也可由血液学家处置。血液学恶性肿瘤可源于两个主要血细胞谱系:骨髓样和淋巴样细胞系。骨髓样细胞系通常产生粒细胞、红细胞、血小板、巨噬细胞和肥大细胞;淋巴样细胞系产生B细胞、T细胞、NK细胞和浆细胞。淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病和骨髓瘤来自淋巴样细胞系,而急性和慢性骨髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和骨髓增生性疾病源于骨髓样细胞。白血病包括急性成淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、急性单核细胞性白血病(AMOL)和小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(SLL)。淋巴瘤包括霍奇金淋巴瘤(所有四种亚型)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL,所有亚型)。
“化学治疗剂”为可用于治疗癌症的化合物,无论作用机理如何。化学治疗剂的类别包括但不限于烷化剂、抗代谢物、纺锤体毒性植物生物碱、细胞毒性/抗肿瘤抗生素、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗体、光敏剂和激酶抑制剂。化学治疗剂包括在“靶向治疗”和常规化学治疗中使用的化合物。化学治疗剂的实例包括:依鲁替尼(ibrutinib)(IMBRUVICATM,APCI-32765,Pharmacyclics Inc./Janssen Biotech Inc.;CAS Reg.No.936563-96-1,US7514444)、idelalisib(先前为CAL-101,GS 1101,GS-1101,Gilead Sciences Inc.;CASReg.No.1146702-54-6)、厄洛替尼(erlotinib)(Genentech/OSI Pharm.)、多西他赛(docetaxel)(Sanofi-Aventis)、5-FU(氟尿嘧啶,5-氟尿嘧啶,CASNo.51-21-8)、吉西他滨(gemcitabine)(Lilly)、PD-0325901(CASNo.391210-10-9,Pfizer)、顺铂(cisplatin)((SP-4-2)-二胺二氯化铂(II),顺式-二胺二氯化铂(II),CAS No.15663-27-1)、卡铂(carboplatin)(CAS No.41575-94-4)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology,Princeton,N.J.)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)(Genentech)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)(4-甲基-5-氧代-2,3,4,6,8-五氮杂二环[4.3.0]壬-2,7,9-三烯-9-甲酰胺,CAS No.85622-93-1, Schering Plough)、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)((Z)-2-[4-(1,2-二苯基丁-1-烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基乙胺,)、多柔比星(doxorubicin)(CAS No.23214-92-8)、Akti-1/2、HPPD和雷帕霉素(rapamycin)。
化学治疗剂包括B细胞受体靶标的抑制剂,诸如BTK、Bcl-2和JAK抑制剂。
化学治疗剂的更多实例包括奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin)(Sanofi)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)(Millennium Pharm.)、舒尼替尼(sutent)(SU11248,Pfizer)、来曲唑(letrozole)(Novartis)、甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinib mesylate)(Novartis)、XL-518(Mek抑制剂,Exelixis,WO2007/044515)、ARRY-886(Mek抑制剂,AZD6244,Array BioPharma,Astra Zeneca)、SF-1126(PI3K抑制剂,Semafore Pharmaceuticals)、BEZ-235(PI3K抑制剂,Novartis)、XL-147(PI3K抑制剂,Exelixis)、PTK787/ZK 222584(Novartis)、氟维司群(fulvestrant)(AstraZeneca)、亚叶酸(leucovorin)(folinic acid)、雷帕霉素(西罗莫司(sirolimus),Wyeth)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(GSK572016,Glaxo Smith Kline)、洛那法尼(lonafarnib)(SARASARTM,SCH 66336,Schering Plough)、索拉非尼(sorafenib)(BAY43-9006,Bayer Labs)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)(AstraZeneca)、伊立替康(irinotecan)(CPT-11,Pfizer)、替吡法尼(tipifarnib)(ZARNESTRATM,Johnson&Johnson)、ABRAXANETM(不含有Cremophor)、紫杉醇的白蛋白工程化纳米粒制剂(American Pharmaceutical Partners,Schaumberg,Il)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)(rINN,ZD6474,AstraZeneca)、苯丁酸氮芥(chloranmbucil)、AG1478、AG1571(SU 5271;Sugen)、坦西莫司(temsirolimus)(Wyeth)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib)(GlaxoSmithKline)、canfosfamide(Telik)、塞替派(thiotepa)和环磷酰胺(cyclosphosphamide)( );烷基磺酸酯,诸如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶类,诸如苯佐替哌(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、美妥替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);乙撑亚胺(ethylenimine)类和甲基氨基吖啶(methylamelamine)类,包括六甲密胺(altretamine)、三亚胺嗪(triethylenemelamine)、三亚乙基磷酰胺(triethylenephosphoramide)、三亚乙基硫化磷酰胺(triethylenethiophosphoramide)和三羟甲蜜胺(trimethylomelamine);番荔枝内酯(acetogenin)类(尤其是布拉它辛(bullatacin)和布拉它辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(包括合成性类似物托泊替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);callystatin;CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡折来新(carzelesin)和比折来新(bizelesin)合成性类似物);cryptophycin类(特别是cryptophycin 1和cryptophycin 8);多拉司他汀(dolastatin);duocarmycin(包括合成性类似物KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾榴塞洛素(eleutherobin);pancratistatin;sarcodictyin;spongistatin;氮芥类,诸如苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、氯磷酰胺(chlorophosphamide)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide)、双氯乙基甲胺(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride)、美法仑(melphalan)、新氮芥(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)和乌拉莫司汀(uracil mustard);硝基脲类,诸如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫斯汀(nimustine)和雷莫司汀(ranimnustine);抗生素,诸如烯二炔(enediyne)抗生素(例如刺孢霉素(calicheamicin),包括刺孢霉素γ1I和刺孢霉素ωI1(Angew Chem.Intl.Ed.Engl.(1994)33:183-186);dynemicin,包括dynemicin A;二膦酸盐,诸如氯膦酸盐(clodronate);埃斯培拉霉素(esperamicin);以及新抑癌蛋白生色团(neocarzinostatinchromophore)和相关色蛋白烯二炔抗生素生色团(related chromoprotein enediyneantibiotic chromophore)、aclacinomysin类、放线菌素(actinomycin)、authramycin、偶氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素(bleomycin)、放线菌素C(cactinomycin)、carabicin、洋红霉素(carminomycin)、嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycin)、放线菌素D(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸(6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine)、吗啉代-多柔比星(morpholino-doxorubicin)、氰基吗啉代-多柔比星(cyanomorpholino-doxorubicin)、2-吡咯啉子基-多柔比星(2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin)、去氧多柔比星(deoxydoxorubicin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、奈莫柔比星(nemorubicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素(mitomycin)类诸如丝裂霉素C(mitomycin C)、麦考酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、诺拉霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycin)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、泊非霉素(porfiromycin)、嘌罗霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑霉素(streptonigrin)、链佐星(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢物,诸如甲氨喋呤(methotrexate)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil)(5-FU);叶酸类似物,诸如二甲叶酸(denopterin)、甲氨喋呤、喋罗呤(pteropterin)和三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物,诸如氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、6-巯嘌呤(6-mercaptopurine)、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)和硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶类似物,诸如安西他滨(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮杂尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、二脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、伊诺他滨(enocitabine)和氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素类,诸如卡普睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸甲雄烷酮(dromostanolone propionate)、环硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)和睾内酯(testolactone);抗肾上腺素药(anti-adrenal),诸如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)和曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,诸如亚叶酸(frolinic acid);醋葡醛内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷(aldophosphamide glycoside);氨基乙酰丙酸(aminolevulinic acid);恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖啶(amsacrine);bestrabucil;比生群(bisantrene);伊达曲杀(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);秋水仙胺(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);elfornithine;依利醋铵(elliptinium acetate);埃坡霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸镓(gallium nitrate);羟基脲(hydroxyurea);香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达明(lonidainine);美登醇(maytansinoid)类,诸如美登素(maytansine)和安丝菌素(ansamitocin);米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);mopidanmol;根瘤菌剂(nitraerine);喷司他丁(pentostatin);蛋氨氮芥(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);鬼臼酸(podophyllinic acid);2-乙基肼(2-ethylhydrazide);丙卡巴肼(procarbazine);多糖复合物(polysaccharidecomplex)(JHS Natural Products,Eugene,OR);雷佐生(razoxane);根霉素(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofiran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2’,2”-三氯三乙胺(2,2’,2”-trichlorotriethylamine);单端孢霉烯(trichothecene)(尤其是T-2毒素、verracurin A、杆孢菌素A(roridin A)和anguidine);乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛(vindesine);达卡巴嗪(dacarbazine);甘露莫司汀(mannomustine);二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol);二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);gacytosine;阿糖胞苷(arabinoside)(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;塞替派;6-硫代鸟嘌呤(6-thioguanine);巯嘌呤(mercaptopurine);甲氨喋呤;铂类似物,诸如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱(vinblastine);依托泊苷(etoposide)(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);长春新碱(vincristine);长春瑞滨(vinorelbine)诺消灵(novantrone);替尼泊苷(teniposide);伊达曲杀(edatrexate);柔红霉素(daunomycin);氨基喋呤(aminopterin);卡培他滨(capecitabine)(Roche);伊班膦酸盐(ibandronate);CPT-11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS 2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(difluoromethylornithine,DMFO);类视黄醇(retinoid)类,诸如视黄酸(retinoicacid);及上述任何物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸和衍生物。
以下物质也包括在“化学治疗剂”的定义中:(i)用于调节或抑制激素对肿瘤作用的抗激素药,诸如抗雌激素药(anti-estrogen)和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM),包括例如他莫昔芬(包括枸橼酸他莫昔芬)、雷洛昔芬(raloxifene)、屈洛昔芬(droloxifene)、4-羟基他莫昔芬(4-hydroxytamoxifen)、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、雷洛西芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮(onapristone)和(枸橼酸托米芬(toremifine citrate))和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERD)诸如氟维司群(fulvestrant)(Astra Zeneca);(ii)抑制芳香酶(芳香酶在肾上腺中调节雌激素的产生)的芳香酶抑制剂,诸如4(5)-咪唑类、氨鲁米特、(醋酸甲地孕酮(megestrolacetate))、(依西美坦(exemestane);Pfizer)、formestanie、法倔唑(fadrozole)、(伏氯唑(vorozole))、(来曲唑;Novartis)和(阿那曲唑(anastrozole);AstraZeneca);(iii)抗雄激素药(anti-androgen),诸如氟他胺(flutamide)、尼鲁米特(nilutamide)、比卡鲁胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙瑞林(leuprolide)和戈舍瑞林(goserelin);以及曲沙他滨(troxacitabine)(1,3-二氧杂环戊烷核苷胞嘧啶类似物(1,3-dioxolane nucleoside cytosine analog));(iv)蛋白激酶抑制剂,诸如MEK抑制剂,诸如考比替尼(cobimetinib)(WO 2007/044515);(v)脂质激酶抑制剂,诸如taselisib(GDC-0032,Genentech Inc.);(vi)反义寡核苷酸,特别是抑制异常细胞增殖所涉及的信号传导途径中基因表达的那些反义寡核苷酸,例如PKC-α、Ralf和H-Ras,诸如奥利默森(oblimersen)(Genta Inc.);(vii)核酶,诸如VEGF表达抑制剂(例如)和HER2表达抑制剂;(viii)疫苗,诸如基因治疗疫苗,例如和 rIL-2;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂,诸如和rmRH;(ix)抗血管生成药,诸如贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab)(Genentech);及上述任何物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸和衍生物。
治疗性抗体也包括在“化学治疗剂”的定义中,诸如阿仑珠单抗(alemtuzumab)(Campath)、贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab)(Genentech);西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)(Imclone);帕木单抗(panitumumab)(Amgen)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)(Genentech/Biogen Idec)、培妥珠单抗(pertuzumab)(PERJETATM,2C4,Genentech)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)(Genentech)、曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物(trastuzumab emtansine)(Genentech Inc.)和托西莫单抗(tositumomab)(BEXXAR,Corixia)。
“代谢物”为通过具体化合物或其盐的体内代谢而产生的产物。化合物的代谢物可使用本领域已知的常规技术来鉴定且它们的活性可使用本申请描述的测试来确定。上述产物可源于例如对所施用的化合物进行的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺化、酯化、脱酯化、酶法裂解等。因此,本发明包括本发明化合物的代谢物,包括通过以下方法而产生的化合物,所述方法包括使本发明的式I化合物与哺乳动物接触足以产生其代谢产物的一段时间。
术语“包装说明书”是指通常包含在治疗性产品的市售包装中的说明书,其含有涉及使用上述治疗性产品的关于适应症、用法、剂量、施用、禁忌症和/或注意事项的信息。
术语“手性”是指具有镜像配对体(mirror image partner)不可重叠性的分子,而术语“非手性”是指可与其镜像配对体重叠的分子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同的化学组成但原子或基团的空间排列不同的化合物。
“非对映异构体”是指具有两个或更多个手性中心且其分子不互为镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质,例如熔点、沸点、光谱性质和反应性。非对映异构体的混合物可通过高分辨率分析操作诸如电泳和色谱来分离。
“对映异构体”是指化合物的互为不可重叠镜像的两种立体异构体。
本申请使用的立体化学定义和常识大体符合S.P.Parker,Ed.,McGraw-HillDictionary of Chemical Terms(1984)McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York;和Eliel,E.and Wilen,S.,“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994。本发明化合物可含有不对称中心或手性中心,因此以不同的立体异构形式存在。本发明意在包括本发明化合物的所有立体异构形式,包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体(atropisomer)以及它们的混合物诸如外消旋混合物,形成本发明的一部分。多种有机化合物以光学活性形式存在,即它们具有使平面偏振光的平面发生旋转的能力。当描述具有光学活性的化合物时,前缀D和L或R和S用于表示分子就其手性中心而言的绝对构型。前缀d和l或(+)和(-)用于指定化合物使平面偏振光发生旋转的符号,其中(-)或l表示化合物是左旋的。前缀为(+)或d的化合物是右旋的。对于所给定的化学结构,这些立体异构体除互为镜像外是相同的。具体的立体异构体也可称为对映异构体且上述异构体的混合物通常称为对映异构体的混合物。对映异构体的50:50混合物称为外消旋混合物或外消旋体,当化学反应或方法不具有立体选择性或立体特异性时,可出现所述外消旋混合物或外消旋体。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋体”是指两种对映异构物质的等摩尔混合物,其不具有光学活性。对映异构体可通过手性分离方法诸如超临界流体色谱(SFC)从外消旋混合物中分离。在分离的对映异构体中的手性中心上的构型分配可能是暂定的,并且为了说明目的而描绘于表1结构中,而立体化学是诸如由X射线晶体学数据确定性建立的。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指具有不同能量的可通过低能垒互相转化的结构异构体。例如,质子互变异构体(也称为质子转移互变异构体)包括通过质子的迁移来进行的互相转化,诸如酮-烯醇异构化和亚胺-烯胺异构化。价键互变异构体包括通过一些成键电子的重组来进行的互相转化。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指生物学上或其它方面不期望的盐。药学上可接受的盐包括酸和碱加成盐。短语“药学上可接受的”表示物质或组合物必须与制剂包含的其它成分和/或用其治疗的哺乳动物在化学和/或毒理学上是相容的。
术语“药学上可接受的酸加成盐”是指与无机酸诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、碳酸、磷酸和选自脂族、脂环族、芳族、芳基-脂族、杂环、羧酸和磺酸类有机酸的有机酸诸如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸、天冬氨酸、抗坏血酸、谷氨酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、扑酸、苯乙酸、甲磺酸(methanesulfonic acid)“甲磺酸(mesylate)”、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和水杨酸的那些药学上可接受的盐。
术语“药学上可接受的碱加成盐”是指与有机或无机碱形成的药学上可接受的盐。可接受的无机碱的实例包括钠盐、钾盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐、铁盐、锌盐、铜盐、锰盐和铝盐。衍生自药学上可接受的有机无毒碱的盐包括以下物质的盐:伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,经取代的胺包括天然存在的经取代胺的,环胺和碱性离子交换树脂,诸如异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、乙醇胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、三甲胺、二环己胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡因、普鲁卡因、哈胺、胆碱、甜菜碱、乙二胺、葡糖胺、甲基葡糖胺、可可碱、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶和聚胺树脂。
“溶剂化物”是指一个或多个溶剂分子与本发明化合物的缔合物或络合物。形成溶剂化物的溶剂的实例包括但不限于水、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸和乙醇胺。
术语“EC50”是半数最大有效浓度,并且表示获得最大体内特定效果的50%所需的特定化合物的血浆浓度。
术语“Ki”是抑制常数,并且表示特定抑制剂与受体的绝对结合亲和力。如果不存在竞争性配体(例如放射性配体),则使用竞争结合测定法测量,并且等于特定抑制剂占据50%受体时的浓度。Ki值可对数转换成pKi值(-log Ki),其中较高的值表示以指数方式更大的效力。
术语“IC50”是半数最大抑制浓度,并且表示获得体外生物学过程的50%抑制所需的特定化合物的浓度。可将IC50值对数转换成pIC50值(-log IC50),其中较高的值表示以指数方式更大的效力。IC50值不是绝对值,而是取决于实验条件,例如使用Cheng-Prusoff方程(Biochem.Pharmacol.(1973)22:3099),可将其转化为绝对抑制常数(Ki)。可计算其它百分比抑制参数,诸如IC70、IC90等。
术语“本发明化合物”和“本发明的化合物”和“式I化合物”包括式I化合物及其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物、药学上可接受的盐和前药。
本申请给出的任何式或结构(包括式I化合物)还意在表示上述化合物的水合物、溶剂化物和多晶型物及它们的混合物。
本申请给出的任何式或结构(包括式I化合物)还意在表示所述化合物的未标记的形式以及经同位素标记的形式。经同位素标记的化合物具有本申请给出的化学式所描述的结构,不同的是,一个或多个原子被具有所选原子量或质量数的原子代替。可引入到本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,诸如但不限于2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl和125I。本发明包括各种经同位素标记的本发明化合物,例如放射性同位素诸如3H、13C和14C被引入到其中的那些本发明化合物。上述经同位素标记的化合物可用于代谢研究、反应动力学研究、检测或成像技术诸如正电子发射断层扫描术(PET)或单光子发射计算机断层扫描术(SPECT)包括药物或底物组织分布测定或对患者进行的放射性治疗。经氘标记或代替的本发明治疗性化合物可具有改善的DMPK(药物代谢和药物动力学)性质,包括吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)。用较重的同位素诸如氘进行的代替可由于较好的代谢稳定性而得到一些治疗优点(例如体内半衰期的增加或剂量需要的降低)。经18F标记的化合物可用于PET或SPECT研究。经同位素标记的本发明化合物及其前药通常可如下制备:实施下述方案或实施例和制备中公开的操作且用容易得到的经同位素标记的试剂代替未经同位素标记的试剂。另外,用较重的同位素特别是氘(即2H或D)进行的代替可由于较好的代谢稳定性而得到一些治疗优点(例如体内半衰期的增加或剂量需要的降低或治疗指数的改善)。应该理解的是,本申请中的氘被认为是式(I)化合物中的取代基。上述较重的同位素特别是氘的浓度可通过同位素富集因子来定义。在本发明化合物中,未特别指定为具体同位素的任何原子意在表示该原子的任何稳定的同位素。除非另有说明,当某个位置被具体指定为“H”或“氢”时,应该理解的是,所述位置具有浓度为氢的天然丰度同位素组成的氢。因此,在本发明化合物中,具体指定为氘(D)的任何原子意在表示氘。
及其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体和药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1选自-CH3、-CH2CH3、环丙基和环丁基;
R2选自-CH3、-CHF2、-CH2F和-CF3.
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1为环丙基。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1为CH3或环丙基。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1为CH3。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R2为-CHF2。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R2为-CH2F。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1为环丙基且R2为-CHF2。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1为环丙基且R2为-CH2F。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括其中R1为CH3且R2为-CHF2。
式I化合物的示例性实施方案包括表1中的化合物。
本发明式I化合物可含有不对称或手性中心且因此以不同的立体异构形式存在。本发明化合物的所有立体异构形式,包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体及其混合物诸如外消旋混合物,构成本发明一部分。在一些情况下,立体化学尚未确定或已暂时归属。
此外,本发明包括所有非对映异构体,包括顺式-反式(几何)和构象异构体。例如,若式I化合物包含双键或稠环,则顺式和反式形式及其混合物包括在本发明范围内。
在本申请所示的结构中,若未指定任何特定手性原子的立体化学,则本发明化合物意在包括所有立体异构体。若立体化学通过表示特定构型的实心楔形线或虚线指定,则该立体异构体如此指定和定义。
本发明化合物可按非溶剂化形式及与药学上可接受的溶剂诸如水、乙醇等的溶剂化形式存在且本发明意欲包括溶剂化和非溶剂化形式两者。
本发明化合物也可按不同的互变异构形式存在且所有此类形式都包括在本发明范围内。术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指具有不同能量的可通过低能垒相互转化的结构异构体。例如,质子互变异构体(也称为质子转移互变异构体)包括通过质子迁移而进行的互相转化,诸如酮-烯醇异构化和亚胺-烯胺异构化。价键互变异构体包括通过一些成键电子的重组而进行的互相转化。
生物学评价
式I化合物作为酶活性(或其它生物活性)的抑制剂的相对效力可如下确定:确定每种化合物将活性抑制至预定程度的浓度,然后比较结果。通常,优选的确定是在生化测定中抑制50%活性的浓度即50%抑制浓度或“IC50”。可使用本领域已知的常规技术确定IC50值。通常,IC50可通过在所研究的一定浓度范围的抑制剂存在下测量给定酶的活性来确定。然后将实验获得的酶活性值相对于所用的抑制剂浓度作图。显示50%酶活性(与不存在任何抑制剂的情况下的活性相比)的抑制剂浓度作为IC50值。类似地,可通过适当的活性确定来定义其它抑制浓度。例如,在一些情况下,可能需要确定90%抑制浓度即IC90等。
表1中的示例性式I化合物根据本发明的方法制备、表征和测试了与各种同种型和突变形式的PI3K的结合,并且具有以下结构,相应的名称(ChemBioDraw,Version 12.0.2,CambridgeSoft Corp.,Cambridge MA)和生物活性。当多于一个名称与式I化合物或中间体相关时,应以化学结构限定该化合物。
表1.式I化合物
TASELISIB
称为taselisib、GDC-0032和Roche RG7604(CAS Reg.No.1282512-48-4,Genentech Inc.)的化合物的IUPAC名称为:2-(4-(2-(1-异丙基-3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-9-基)-1H-吡唑-1-基)-2-甲基丙酰胺,结构为:
包括其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体和药学上可接受的盐。
Taselesib可如WO 2011/036280、US 8242104和US 8343955中所述制备和表征。
pictilisib
称为pictilisib、GDC-0941、Roche,RG-7321和pictrelisib,(CASReg.No.957054-30-7,Genentech Inc.,)的化合物为强效多靶标I类(pan)PI3K同种型抑制剂。GDC-0941目前正在进行治疗晚期实体肿瘤的II期临床试验。GDC-0941的名称为4-(2-(1H-吲唑-4-基)-6-((4-(甲基磺酰基)哌嗪-1-基)甲基)噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-4-基)吗啉(US 7781433;US 7750002;Folkes et al(2008)Jour.of Med.Chem.51(18):5522-5532),且具有以下结构:
包括其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体和药学上可接受的盐。
ALPELISIB
称为alpelisib(BYL719,Novartis,CAS#:1217486-61-7)的化合物为PI3Kα同种型的口服选择性抑制剂,且正在进行潜在治疗多种肿瘤类型的临床试验,包括与氟维司群联合用于二线激素受体阳性、HER2晚期转移性乳腺癌的III期研究(Furet,P.et al(2013)Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.23:3741-3748;US 8227462;US 8476268;US 8710085)。Alpelisib的名称为(S)-N1-(4-甲基-5-(2-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)病毒-4-基)噻唑-2-基)吡咯烷-1,2-二甲酰胺)且具有以下结构:
PI3K同种型的生化抑制
使用实施例901的方法确定本发明化合物作为PI3Kα抑制剂的能力,其具有相对于PI3Kβ、PI3Kδ和PI3Kγ的选择性。除非另有说明,否则表2A和2B中所示的Ki值代表最少三次独立实验的几何平均值。
表2A示出通过表1的式I化合物对四种PI3K同种型的生化抑制。此外,包括两种临床测试的PI3K化合物taselisib和pictilisib作为比较物。当与taselisib(GDC-0032)和pictilisib(GDC-0941)相比时,本发明的代表性化合物展现出对PI3Kα的强活性,并相对于其他同种型PI3Kβ、PI3Kδ和PI3Kγ展现出显著增强的选择性。具体而言,表2A从右边数第二列的选择性比率显示,每种式I化合物101-107具有远高于taselisib或pictilisib的PI3Kα/δ选择性比率。事实上,taselisib和pictilisib两者对PI3Kδ的活性均比对PI3Kα的活性更强,即它们的选择性比率小于1。式I化合物101-107的选择性比率范围为301倍至634倍。
表2B示出US 8242104的某些比较化合物和来自US 8263633的带有二甲基噁唑烷-2-酮基团的化合物(化合物356,第149栏)的两种PI3K同种型α和δ以及PI3Kα对δ选择性比率的生物化学抑制。表2B中所示的比较化合物是来自US 8242104和US 8263633中的每一个中描述的广泛属的实施例。US 8242104和US 8263633均未公开在本发明式I化合物范围内的化合物。尽管如表2B中所述的US 8242104的代表性比较实施例显示PI3Kα(alpha)相对于PI3Kδ(delta)选择性比率>1,但是观察到的最大选择性比率为46.9倍。式I化合物101-107因此实现比US 8242104的实施例显著更高的选择性比率。在US 8242104或US 8263633中没有选择式I化合物的结构元素以实现相对于PI3Kδ的高PI3Kα选择性的教导。在表1中列举的化合物的整个范围内,大于300倍的PI3Kα选择性的这一出人意料的性质得到保留。
目前临床试验中的PI3K抑制剂,诸如taselisib(WO 2011/036280;US 8242104;US8343955)和US 8242104的其他代表性实例展现出对PI3Kδ(delta)同种型的显著活性。这种对PI3Kδ(delta)的选择性的缺乏与taselisib在临床中观察到的GI毒性一致。存在对PI3Kα(alpha)抑制剂的需求,其含有US8242104的代表性实施例的有利特征,其同时缺乏对PI3Kδ(delta)的活性。本发明提供满足这种活性和选择性特征的化合物。
PI3Kα选择性的意料不到的性质有利于消除临床PI3K抑制剂候选物中观察到的胃肠道毒性。PI3K抑制剂的最近临床数据已经暗示PI3Kδ活性作为胃肠毒性的来源(Akinleye等,“Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)inhibitors as cancer therapeutics”Journal of Hematology&Oncology 2013,6:88-104)。参见临床试验中的PI3K抑制剂taselisib和pictilisib的表2。
由于PI3Kα(alpha)抑制相对于PI3Kδ(delta)抑制的选择性显著更高,因此与临床测试的taselisib和pictilisib或US 8242104或US 8263633的任何实施例相比,预期式I化合物101-107相对于PI3Kδ(delta)驱动的毒性实现由PI3Kα(alpha)抑制驱动的更大的临床活性幅度(margin)。因此,本发明的式I化合物可用作治疗剂,其相对于对PI3Kβ、PI3Kδ或PI3Kγ的正常功能具有较大抑制作用的药物具有降低的毒性特征。
表2A.式I化合物和比较化合物taselisib和pictilisib对PI3K同种型的生化抑制作用
表2B.比较化合物的PI3K同种型的生化抑制作用
*Ki值表示两次实验的平均值,**Ki值表示单次实验
化合物与PI3K的相互作用
式I化合物的PI3Kα选择性的合理基础可存在于某些结合相互作用中。
通过使用实施例908的方法解析具有PI3Kα(alpha)的代表性化合物的x射线共晶体结构来确定本发明化合物与PI3Kα特异性相互作用的能力。具有相对于其它同种型的PI3Kα同种型选择性的PI3K抑制剂的优化结构设计可包括原子和官能团的精确定位和排列以与结合位点中的同种型特异性残基相互作用。具体而言,发现在5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂环体系的9位和2位的取代对于化合物对PI3Kα的特异性活性具有重要影响。
图1A-D示出taselisib(GDC-0032)、参考化合物529(US 8242104)和具有PI3Kα的本发明的两种代表性化合物的x射线共晶体结构。如图1A所示,taselisib(GDC-0032)含有位于Gln859和Ser854两者紧密接触的伯酰胺官能团,似乎提供了氢键相互作用的可能性。残基Gln859对于PI3Kα同种型是特异性的,其中在其它同种型(PI3Kβ=Asp,PI3Kδ=Asn,PI3Kγ=Lys)中占据该位置的是不同的残基。然而,尽管与PI3Kα特异性残基紧密接触,如在生化测定中所测量的,GDC-0032对于两种同种型PI3Kα和PI3Kβ具有等效的活性,并且对同种型PI3Kγ具有仅略微降低的活性(参见表2A)。
如图1B所示,参考化合物529(US 8242104)在与taselisib相似的位置上含有伯酰胺官能团。该官能团在适当的距离内,并且具有Ser854和Gln859两者的适当几何形状,以进行氢键相互作用。PI3Kα相对于PI3Kβ的46.9倍选择性比率(参见表2B),可根据这些相互作用合理化,并且知道PI3Kδ在859位不含有Gln残基,因此这些相互作用对于PI3Kα应该是特异性的。
图1C和1D示出化合物101的(S)-2-氨基丙酰胺基团和化合物103的(S)-2-氨基-2-环丙基乙酰胺基团的伯酰胺各自在结合位点中占据与GDC-0032和参考化合物529(US8242104)的伯酰胺相似的位置。本发明的每个代表中的该伯酰胺官能团在适当的距离内,并且具有Ser854和Gln859的合适几何形状,以形成理想的氢键相互作用。尽管在官能团位置和取向上有明显的相似性,但是图1C和1D中所示的代表性实例以及具有相似取代基和官能团的本发明的其它化合物改善了taselisib和参考化合物529(US 8242104)的伯酰胺的相互作用,从而观察到本发明化合物对生化测定中测量的PI3Kα相对于PI3Kδ的选择性显著提高。化合物101选择性为361倍,化合物103选择性为634倍,相对于只有46.9倍选择性的参考化合物529(US 8242104)具有显著提高。鉴于taselisib与US 8242104的其它化合物(如参考化合物529所例示)之间的伯酰胺官能团的相似性,如本发明化合物所证明的,PI3Kα相对于PI3Kδ的选择性提高是意料不到的性质。在US 8242104中没有选择式I化合物的结构元素以实现高(>300倍)PI3Kα选择性的性质的教导。本发明的式I化合物改善了GDC-0032的伯酰胺的相互作用,从而观察到,相对于比较化合物,本发明化合物在生化测定中测量的PI3Kα相对于PI3Kδ的选择性显著提高(参见表2A和2B)。
图2A示出在PI3Kα(alpha)活性位点结合的taselisib的x射线结构。三唑环的N2原子不能直接与Tyr836(的距离)或Ser774(2.74和的距离,在配体和残基之间没有互补的极性)的侧链相互作用。图2B示出在PI3Kα活性位点上结合的化合物101的x射线结构,并且示出噁唑烷酮环相对于三唑环能够多次与蛋白质进行改善的相互作用。羰基官能团接近Tyr836侧链并且能够形成有利的极性相互作用。噁唑烷酮取代基的氟原子与Ser774的羟基紧密接触并且与极性相互作用或非经典的氢键(通过碳-氟键的极化而启用有利的相互作用)一致(等,Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry,(2004)ChemBioChem,5:637-643;Zhou等,“Fluorine Bonding–How Does it Work InProtein-Ligand Interactions”,(2009)J.Chem.Inf.Model.,49:2344-2355)。
本发明的所有化合物含有噁唑烷酮环,并且能够与PI3Kα(alpha)的Tyr836进行改善的相互作用。本发明的一些实施例还包含噁唑烷酮环上的氟化取代基并且能够改善与PI3Kα的Ser774的相互作用。相对于US 8242104的实施例,这两种结合相互作用可有助于本发明实施例观察到的对PI3Kα的选择性提高。如表2A和2B所示,含有噁唑烷酮环的化合物比含有三唑环的可比较化合物具有更高的同种型选择性。残基Ser774和Tyr836并不是PI3Kα同种型独有的,PI3Kδ在相同的位置上含有相同的残基,噁唑烷酮抑制剂的增强的同种型选择性并不是由这些晶体结构预测的。二级和三级蛋白质结构的细微变化可能导致不同同种型之间相同残基同一性的定位和方向的细微差异。即使面对两种蛋白质同种型的x射线晶体结构,这些差异也难以预测和解释。在表1中例示的化合物的整个范围内,噁唑烷酮抑制剂的改善的分子相互作用和增强的同种型选择性的令人惊讶和意料不到的性质得到保留。
噁唑烷酮在结构上与三唑的区别在于:噁唑烷酮具有羰基,更具极性,并且不具有芳香性。三唑不具有羰基,极性较小,并且具有芳香性。
根据增加的sp3特性和减少的芳环数量,噁唑烷酮环相对于三唑环提供进一步的益处。在文献中通常认为芳环数目增加与混杂结合的风险增加相关。相比之下,sp3碳(#sp3碳/#总碳)比例的增加与改善的物理化学性质和降低的混杂结合相关,从而降低了脱靶毒理学的风险。这些概念述于参考文献Lovering等,“Escape From Flatland”,(2009)J.Med.Chem.,52:6752-6756及Ritchie and Macdonald,“Physicochemical Descriptorsof Aromatic Character and Their Use in Drug Discovery”,(2014)J.Med.Chem.,57:7206-7215。用本发明的每个实施例中所包含的饱和杂环噁唑烷酮代替US 8242104所例示的三唑芳环,表示脱靶毒理学风险的有利降低。US 8242104中的全部示例性化合物绝大多数由在该位置具有芳环的化合物占据,4个羧酰胺官能团代替芳环的实施例,并且没有饱和的环状或杂环体系的实施例。由于芳族及饱和杂环的结合相互作用和空间要求显著不同,它们通常是不可互换的。没有在5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂环的2位饱和杂环体系的实施例,US8242104没有提供关于用饱和杂环替换芳环同时保持对PI3Kα的活性的方法的教导。
因此,本发明化合物在5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂的9位和2位均含有优化的取代基和官能团。这些优化的化合物在改善分子相互作用和增加针对PI3Kα的选择性活性方面提供了显著且迄今未知的益处,并且对PI3Kδ的活性降低。本发明化合物可用作相对于诸如taselisib(GDC-0032)的相关药剂具有增强的治疗窗的治疗剂。
突变体PI3Kα(alpha)的选择性抑制
如实施例902所述,通过在SW48近等基因细胞系PI3Kα野生型(亲本)、螺旋结构域突变体E545K和激酶结构域突变体H1047R中测量对PI3K途径的抑制来确定本发明化合物优先针对含有突变体PI3Kα的细胞起作用的能力。
统计分析:除非另有说明,否则EC50值表示最少4个独立实验的几何平均值。所有统计数据均使用KaleidaGraph软件(版本4.1.3)进行。使用具有相同方差的不成对数据进行Student t检验,以比较针对突变体细胞和野生型细胞的活性。P<0.05被认为是显著的。
表3A示出表1的式I化合物对SW48近等基因细胞中P-PRAS40的抑制。相对于野生型PI3Kα细胞,这些化合物都展现出对突变体PI3Kα细胞增加的活性。相对于野生型PI3Kα细胞中的活性,本发明化合物在SW48突变体PI3Kα细胞中显示出与taselisib相似的活性,具有与taselisib相等或更高的选择性(参见表3B)。
表3B示出US 8242104的某些比较化合物,来自US 8263633的带有二甲基噁唑烷-2-酮基团的化合物(化合物356,第149栏)和pictilisib对SW48近等基因细胞中P-PRAS40的抑制。表3B中所示的比较化合物是来自US8242104和US 8263633中的每一个中描述的广泛属的实施例。US 8242104和US 8263633均未公开在本发明式I化合物范围内的化合物。比较化合物含有突变体PI3Kα细胞相对于野生型PI3Kα细胞没有显著提高活性的实施例(参见比较化合物436和549,p>0.05)。这些化合物与突变体PI3Kα细胞相对于野生型PI3Kα细胞不展现出显著提高的活性的比较化合物(参见比较化合物529)结构上相似。比较化合物中没有对选择性抑制突变体PI3Kα(alpha)细胞提供教导的共同的结构元素。更广义地说,在US8242104或US 8263633中没有选择式I化合物的结构元素,以相对于野生型PI3Kα细胞实现针对突变体PI3Kα细胞的增加的或相当的活性的教导。在表1例示的化合物的整个范围内,该意料不到的性质都得到保留。
表3A.式I化合物的SW48近等基因细胞的P-PRAS40的抑制
表3B.比较化合物的SW48近等基因细胞的P-PRAS40的抑制
*EC50表示单次实验
PI3K突变体肿瘤细胞的抗增殖活性
使用实施例903的方法,通过测量HCC1954细胞(PI3Kα突变体H1047R)和MCF7细胞(PI3Kα突变体E545K)中的细胞活力EC50来确定本发明化合物作用于PI3K突变体肿瘤细胞的能力。表4示出本发明的代表性的式I化合物101和103能够抑制PI3K途径并抑制HCC1954细胞和MCF7细胞的增殖,其具有与比较化合物taselisib(化合物196,US 8242104)、pictilisib和化合物436(US 8242104)相似水平的效力。
表4.突变体PI3K-α肿瘤细胞中PI3K化合物的抗增殖活性
体内效力
表5-8示出来自PI3K化合物的体内肿瘤生长抑制(TGI)研究的数据。在带有乳腺癌异种移植物的免疫受损小鼠的组群中测量肿瘤体积变化20天或更长,每天通过PO(口服)施用媒介物和PI3K化合物(实施例904)。
表5示出在最大耐受剂量(MTD),在PI3K突变体肿瘤模型中,GDC-0032(taselisib)、化合物103和化合物101各自比alpelisib(BYL-719)更有效。
表6示出在低于最大耐受剂量(即25mg/kg)的剂量,在PI3K突变体肿瘤模型中,化合物101比GDC-0032更有效。化合物101具有更高的治疗指数(TI)的潜力,因为在最大耐受性之前达到最大效力。
表7示出在最大耐受剂量,在PI3K突变肿瘤模型中,与GDC-0032相比,以化合物101观察到增加的响应(PR和CR)。而且,在最大耐受剂量,GDC-0032和BYL-719同样有效。
表8示出在最大耐受剂量,在PI3K突变肿瘤模型中,GDC-0032和化合物101比BYL-719更有效,并且化合物101大致与GDC-0032一样有效。
表5.HCC-1954x1(ER-,PI3KH1047R)乳腺癌异种移植物模型中PI3K化合物的最大耐受剂量(MTD)的比较
PI3K化合物 | %TGI | PR | CR |
BYL-719,40mg/kg QD,PO | 80 | 1 | 1 |
GDC-0032,15mg/kg QD,PO | 118 | 4 | 0 |
化合物103,100mg/kg QD,PO | 120 | 4 | 3 |
化合物101,50mg/kg QD,PO | 129 | 10 | 0 |
表6.HCC-1954x1(ER-,PI3KH1047R)乳腺癌异种移植物模型中化合物101的剂量范围研究
表7.KPL-4(ER-,PI3KH1047R)乳腺癌异种移植物模型中化合物101的剂量范围研究
PI3K化合物 | %TGI | PR | CR |
化合物101,1mg/kg PO,QD | 28 | 0 | 0 |
化合物101,2.5mg/kg PO,QD | 86 | 1 | 0 |
化合物101,5mg/kg PO,QD | 93 | 1 | 0 |
化合物101,15mg/kg PO,QD | 125 | 5 | 0 |
化合物101,25mg/kg PO,QD | 135 | 9 | 0 |
化合物101,50mg/kg PO,QD | 153 | 9 | 1 |
GDC-0032 15mg/kg PO,QD | 113 | 3 | 0 |
表8.HCI-003(ER+,PI3KH1047R)乳腺PDX异种移植物模型中GDC-0032、化合物101和BYL-719的比较
PI3K化合物 | %TGI | PR | CR |
BYL-719,40mg/kg PO,QD | 114 | 2 | 0 |
GDC-0032,15mg/kg PO,QD | 162 | 6 | 1 |
化合物101,50mg/kg PO,QD | 175 | 5 | 2 |
分离的B细胞中的途径抑制
使用实施例906的方法,通过化合物对激动性a-IgM处理后CD69水平的影响来评估本发明化合物抑制B细胞中PI3K途径的能力。由a-IgM处理产生的B细胞中的CD69表达据信通过PI3Kδ(delta)的信号传导驱动。表9示出与taselisib、pictilisib、alpelisib、化合物-436(US US8242104)和idelalisib相比,代表性式1化合物是PI3K-突变体细胞系(SW48(H1047R))相对于B细胞(第3列)的更具选择性的途径信号传导抑制剂。
表9.通过所选化合物抑制B细胞中的CD69表达。
*CD69表达IC50在人全血中测量并通过乘以从血浆蛋白结合实验中测量的人fu加以校正。
PI3K突变和野生型肿瘤细胞中的途径抑制
使用实施例907的方法,通过测量HCC1954(PI3Kα突变体H1047R)和HDQ-P1(PI3Kα野生型)细胞系中的p-PRAS40水平来评估本发明化合物抑制肿瘤细胞中PI3K途径信号传导的能力。表10示出代表性式1化合物101、103和105能够选择性抑制PI3Kα突变体(HCC1954,PI3Kα突变体H1047R)相对于PI3Kα野生型肿瘤细胞(HDQ-P1,PI3Kα野生型)中的PI3K途径。与比较化合物taselisib、pictilisib、alpelisib和化合物436(US8242104)相比,化合物101、103和105具有更大的突变体/野生型选择性。
表10.通过所选化合物抑制HCC1954和HDQ-P1细胞系中的p-PRAS40
p110α在PI3K突变体肿瘤细胞中的降解
使用实施例905的方法,在用HCC1954(PI3Kα突变体H1047R)和HDQ-P1(PI3Kα野生型)细胞系的实验中确定本发明化合物降低p110a水平的能力。图3A和3B示出代表性式1化合物101和103,其能够在PI3K突变体(HCC1954,PI3Kα突变体H1047R)相对于PI3Kα野生型(HDQ-P1,PI3Kα野生型)肿瘤细胞中以浓度依赖性方式选择性促进p110a水平的降低。图3A示出描绘在HCC-1954细胞(PI3Kα突变体H1047R)中用化合物101、化合物103和US 8242104的化合物436处理24小时后p110α(p110a,p110 alpha)水平的蛋白质免疫印迹数据。图3B示出描绘在HDQ-P1细胞(PI3Kα野生型)中用化合物101、化合物103和US 8242104的化合物436处理24小时后p110α(p110a,p110 alpha)水平的蛋白质免疫印迹数据。与化合物436(US8242104)相比,化合物101和103更强烈地影响p110α水平。
在犬中的多天口服施药
在比格犬中多次施药(7-14天)后,通过临床和解剖病理评价评估本发明化合物促进胃肠道和/或全身炎症或引起淋巴组织缺失(lymphoid depletion)的能力。式1化合物101和103在与TGI60(PI3K-突变体异种移植物研究中的肿瘤生长抑制60%)相比>5倍的游离暴露倍数不会促进由临床病理学或解剖病理学评价确定的促炎症特征(表11a,11b)。类似地,化合物101和103在高暴露倍数下仅产生少量的淋巴组织缺失。相比之下,使用比较化合物taselisib的实验显示,在与TGI60相比<0.3倍的游离暴露倍数的显著的促炎症效应和淋巴组织缺失(表11c)。与式1化合物101和103相比,比较化合物alpelisib(BYL-719)和化合物436(US8242104)在较低的暴露倍数也引起炎症和淋巴组织缺失(表11d,11e)。在比较化合物的相对于CD69 IC50的暴露倍数,发现的程度和严重程度增加的PI3Kδ(delta)抑制相一致。
表11.在犬中式1和比较化合物的多天施药。
(a)
Fu犬=0.692;Fu小鼠=0.252(Fu=物种血浆中未结合的部分)
*使用来自21天KPL4异种移植物研究的TGI60的暴露倍数;TGI60@2mg/kg,1.04μMhr合计,0.26μM hr游离
**a-IgM刺激的CD69表达(全血)IC50=67nM
+与炎症和淋巴器官相关的发现
(b)
Fu犬=0.507;Fu小鼠=0.03(Fu=物种血浆中未结合的部分)
*使用来自21天HCC1954 TGI研究的TGI60的暴露倍数;TGI60@2mg/kg,1.13μM hr合计,0.03μM hr游离
**a-IgM刺激的CD69表达(全血)IC50=142nM
+与炎症和淋巴器官相关的发现
(c)
Fu犬=0.28;Fu小鼠=0.10(Fu=物种血浆中未结合的部分)
*使用来自21天KPL4异种移植物研究的TGI60的暴露倍数;TGI60@4.3uM hr(合计)或0.44uM hr游离
**a-IgM刺激的CD69表达(全血)IC50=3.1nM
+与炎症和淋巴器官相关的发现
(d)
Fu犬=0.68;Fu小鼠=0.36(Fu=物种血浆中未结合的部分)
*使用来自21天KPL4异种移植物研究的TGI60的暴露倍数;TGI60@2.8uM hr合计,1.0uM hr游离
**a-IgM刺激的CD69表达(全血)IC50=45nM
+与炎症和淋巴器官相关的发现
(e)
Fu犬=0.072;Fu小鼠=0.082(Fu=物种血浆中未结合的部分)
*使用来自21天KPL4异种移植物研究的TGI60的暴露倍数;TGI60@72uM hr(合计),5.9uM hr(游离)
**a-IgM刺激的CD69表达(全血)IC50=613nM
+与炎症和淋巴器官相关的发现
式I化合物的施用
本发明化合物可通过适于待治疗的病状的任何途径来施用。合适的途径包括口服、胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内、动脉内、皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)、经皮、直肠、经鼻、局部(包括含服和舌下)、阴道、腹膜内、肺内和鼻内。对于局部免疫抑制治疗,所述化合物可通过病灶内施用(包括灌注或在移植前使移植物与抑制剂接触)来施用。应该理解的是,优选的途径可随例如接受者的情况而变化。当所述化合物口服施用时,可将其与药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂一起配制成丸剂、胶囊剂、片剂等。当所述化合物胃肠外施用时,可如下所述将其与药学上可接受的胃肠外媒介物一起配制且配制成单位剂量注射形式。
治疗人类患者的剂量可为约1mg至约1000mg式I化合物。典型的剂量可为约10mg至约300mg所述化合物。剂量可每日施用一次(QID)、每日施用两次(BID)或更频繁地施用,这取决于具体化合物的药物动力学性质和药效学性质,包括吸收、分布、代谢和排泄。另外,毒性因素可影响剂量和施用方案。当口服施用时,丸剂、胶囊剂或片剂可每日或以更低的频率服用所指定的一段时间。方案可重复多个治疗周期。
使用式I化合物的治疗方法
本发明式I化合物可用于治疗患有由于与PI3K相关的异常细胞生长、功能或行为而引起的疾病或病症诸如癌症的人类或动物患者,因此可通过包括对其施用如上文所定义的本申请化合物的方法来治疗。患有癌症的人类或动物患者也可通过包括对其施用如上文所定义的本发明化合物的方法来治疗。所述患者的状况可因此得以改善或缓解。
本发明方法还包括治疗癌症,所述癌症选自乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、生殖泌尿道癌、食道癌、喉癌、成胶质细胞瘤、成神经细胞瘤、胃癌、皮肤癌、角化棘皮瘤、肺癌、表皮样癌、大细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、小细胞癌、肺腺癌、骨癌、结肠癌、腺瘤、胰腺癌、腺癌、甲状腺癌、滤泡癌、未分化癌、乳头状癌、精原细胞瘤、黑色素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌、肝癌和胆道癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、骨髓样病症、淋巴瘤、毛细胞癌、口腔癌、鼻咽癌、咽癌、唇癌、舌癌、口癌、小肠癌、结肠-直肠癌、大肠癌、直肠癌、脑癌和中枢神经系统癌症、霍奇金癌、白血病、支气管癌、甲状腺癌、肝癌和肝内胆管癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、胶质瘤/成胶质细胞瘤、子宫内膜癌、黑色素瘤、肾癌和肾盂癌、膀胱癌、子宫体癌、子宫颈癌、多发性骨髓瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、骨髓性白血病,口腔癌和咽癌、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤和绒毛结肠腺瘤。
基于表达分析、免疫组织化学分析和细胞系分布,结肠、乳腺、子宫颈、胃、肺的恶性肿瘤和多发性骨髓瘤最有可能对PI3K调节剂或抑制剂具有响应。
本发明涉及如上所述的化合物用于治疗患者的癌症的用途。
本发明涉及如上所述的化合物在制备用于治疗患者的癌症的药物中的用途。
本发明涉及如上所述的化合物,其用于治疗患者的癌症。
本发明涉及如上所述的化合物用于治疗患者的癌症的用途,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
本发明涉及如上所述的化合物在制备用于治疗患者的癌症的药物中的用途,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
本发明涉及如上所述的化合物,其用于治疗患者的癌症,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
如上所述的发明。
药物制剂
为了使用本发明化合物以对哺乳动物(包括人类)进行治疗性处置,通常根据标准药学实践将其配制为药物组合物。本发明该方面提供药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物及药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体。
典型的制剂通过将本发明化合物与载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合来制备。
合适的载体、稀释剂、添加剂和赋形剂是本领域技术人员公知的且包括诸如碳水化合物、蜡、水溶性和/或溶胀性聚合物、亲水性或疏水性物质、明胶、油、溶剂、水等物质。所使用的具体载体、稀释剂或赋形剂将取决于施用本发明化合物的手段和目的。溶剂通常基于本领域技术人员认为就施用哺乳动物而言是安全的溶剂(GRAS)来选择。通常,安全的溶剂是无毒水性溶剂诸如水及其它在水中可溶或可混的无毒溶剂。合适的水性溶剂包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(例如PEG 400、PEG 300)及其混合物。制剂还可包含一种或多种缓冲剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、湿润剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、助悬剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、遮光剂、助流剂、加工助剂、着色剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、矫味剂及其它已知添加剂以使药物(即本申请化合物或其药物组合物)具有优质外观或有助于制造药物产品(即药品)。
制剂可使用常规溶解和混合操作来制备。例如,将散装药物物质(即本发明化合物或所述化合物的稳定化形式(例如与环糊精衍生物或其它已知复合剂的复合物))在一种或多种上述赋形剂存在下溶解在合适的溶剂中。将本发明化合物通常配制成药物剂型以提供可容易控制的药物剂量且使患者能够依从所开具的方案。
用于施用的药物组合物(或制剂)可取决于施用药物的方法而以多种方式包装。通常,用于分配的制品包括其中存放有呈合适形式的药物制剂的容器。合适的容器是本领域技术人员已知的且包括例如瓶(塑料和玻璃)、小袋、安瓿、塑料袋、金属筒等材料。容器还可包括防撬装置以阻止不慎取得包装内含物。另外,在容器上具有描述容器内含物的标签。标签还可包括合适的警告信息。
可制备本申请化合物的药物制剂用于各种施用途径和类型。例如,具有所需纯度的式I化合物可任选与药学上可接受的稀释剂、载体、赋形剂或稳定剂混合成冻干制剂、研磨粉末或水溶液形式(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences(1980)第16版,Osol,A.Ed.)。配制可如下进行:在环境温度在合适的pH以合适的纯度与生理学上可接受的载体即在所使用的剂量和浓度对接受者是无毒的载体混合。制剂的pH主要取决于具体用途和化合物浓度,但是可为约3至约8。在pH为5的乙酸盐缓冲液中的制剂是合适的实施方案。
所述药物通常可按固体组合物、冻干制剂或水溶液形式贮存。
本发明药物组合物将以与良好医学实践一致的方式(即施用量、浓度、时间安排、疗程、媒介物和途径)来配制、确定剂量和施用。在该背景下需要考虑的因素包括所治疗的具体病症、所治疗的具体哺乳动物、个体患者的临床情况、病症的原因、递送药物的部位、施用的方法、施用的时间安排和医学实践者已知的其它因素。待施用的化合物的“治疗有效量”将取决于所考虑的上述因素且是改善或治疗过度增殖性病症所需要的最小量。
作为一般性建议,每剂胃肠外施用的初始药物有效量的抑制剂将为每日约0.01-100mg/kg即约0.1-20mg/kg患者体重,所使用的化合物的典型初始范围为0.3至15mg/kg/日。
可接受的稀释剂、载体、赋形剂和稳定剂在所使用的剂量和浓度对接受者是无毒的且包括缓冲剂,诸如磷酸盐、枸橼酸盐和其它有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和蛋氨酸;防腐剂(诸如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯化六甲双铵;苯扎氯铵、苄索氯胺;苯酚、丁醇或苄醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯,诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;儿茶酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,诸如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,诸如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,诸如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其它碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,诸如EDTA;糖,诸如蔗糖、甘露醇、海藻糖或山梨醇;成盐抗衡离子,诸如钠;金属络合物(例如Zn-蛋白质络合物);和/或非离子型表面活性剂,诸如TWEENTM、PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)。活性药物成分也可包埋在通过例如凝聚技术或界面聚合来制备的微囊中,例如分别为羟基甲基纤维素或明胶微囊和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微囊,在胶体药物递送系统(例如脂质体、白蛋白微球、微乳液、纳米粒和纳米囊)或巨乳液中。上述技术参见Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences第16版,Osol,A.编辑(1980)。
可制备式I化合物的持续释放制剂。持续释放制剂的合适实例包括含有式I化合物的固体疏水性聚合物的半渗透性基质,所述基质呈成形物品例如膜或微囊形式。持续释放基质的实例包括聚酯、水凝胶(例如聚(甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙基酯)或聚(乙烯醇))、聚交酯(US3773919)、L-谷氨酸和γ-乙基-L-谷氨酸的共聚物、非降解性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、降解性乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物例如LUPRON DEPOTTM(由乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物和乙酸亮丙瑞林构成的注射用微球)和聚D-(-)-3-羟基丁酸。
制剂包括适于本申请所述施用途径的那些制剂。制剂可适宜地以单位剂量形式来提供并可通过药学领域已知的任何方法来制备。技术和制剂通常参见Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)。上述方法包括使活性成分与作为一种或多种辅助成分的载体结合的步骤。通常,制剂如下制备:使活性成分与液体载体或微细分散的固体载体或这两者均匀和紧密的结合,然后按需对产品进行成型。
可将适于口服施用的式I化合物的制剂制备为离散的单位例如各自含有预定量的式I化合物的丸剂、胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂。压制片可如下制备:在合适的机器中对呈自由流动形式例如粉末或颗粒且任选混合有粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂的活性成分进行压制。模制片可如下制备:在合适的机器中对用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉末状活性成分的混合物进行模制。可任选对片剂进行包衣或刻痕并任选进行配制以使活性成分从其中缓慢或受控释放。可制备片剂、含片剂、糖锭剂、水性或油性混悬剂、可分散粉末剂或颗粒剂、乳剂、硬或软胶囊剂例如明胶胶囊剂、糖浆剂或酏剂以供口服。意在口服的式I化合物的制剂可根据制备药物组合物的领域已知的任何方法来制备且上述组合物可含有一种或多种包括甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂和防腐剂在内的物质以提供适口的制剂。含有与适于制备片剂的无毒的生理学上可接受的赋形剂混合的活性成分的片剂是可接受的。这些赋形剂可为例如惰性稀释剂,诸如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;成粒剂和崩解剂,诸如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,诸如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;及润滑剂,诸如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石。片剂可为未包衣的或可通过包括微囊化在内的已知技术来包衣以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收且由此在较长的时段内提供持续的作用。例如,可使用时间延迟物质诸如单独或与蜡组合的单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。
对于治疗眼部或其它外部组织例如口和皮肤,制剂可优选以局部用软膏剂或乳膏剂形式来施用,其含有的活性成分的量为例如0.075至20%w/w。当配制成软膏剂时,活性成分可与石蜡性或水混溶性软膏基质一起使用。可选择地,活性成分可与水包油型乳膏基质一起配制成乳膏剂。若需要,则乳膏基质的水相可包含多元醇即具有两个或更多个羟基的醇例如丙二醇、丁-1,3-二醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、甘油和聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及其混合物。局部用制剂可按需包含使活性成分通过皮肤或其它作用区域的吸收或渗透得以增强的化合物。上述皮肤渗透增强剂的实例包括二甲基亚砜和相关类似物。本申请乳剂的油相可由已知成分以已知方式构成。当所述相可仅包含乳化剂时,其按需包含至少一种乳化剂与脂肪或油或与脂肪和油两者的混合物。优选地,与亲脂性乳化剂一起包含的亲水性乳化剂作为稳定剂。还优选的是包含油和脂肪两者。同时,含有或不含有稳定剂的乳化剂构成所谓的乳化蜡且所述蜡与油和脂肪一起构成所谓的乳化乳膏基质,其形成乳膏剂的油性分散相。适用于本申请制剂的乳化剂和乳化稳定剂包括60、80、鲸蜡硬脂醇、苄醇、肉豆蔻醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯和月桂基硫酸钠。
式I化合物的水性混悬剂含有活性物质与适于制备水性混悬剂的赋形剂的混合物。上述赋形剂包括助悬剂,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚维酮、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、西黄蓍胶和阿拉伯胶;及分散剂或润湿剂,诸如天然存在的磷脂(例如卵磷脂)、氧化烯与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、环氧乙烷与长链脂肪醇的缩合产物(例如十七亚乙氧基鲸蜡醇)、环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)。水性混悬剂还可含有一种或多种防腐剂诸如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯、一种或多种着色剂、一种或多种矫味剂和一种或多种甜味剂诸如蔗糖或糖精。
式I化合物的药物组合物可呈无菌注射剂诸如无菌注射用水性或油性混悬剂形式。该混悬剂可使用上述那些合适的分散剂或润湿剂和助悬剂根据本领域已知方法来配制。无菌注射剂还可为在无毒的胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射用溶液剂或混悬剂诸如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液剂或被制备为冻干粉末剂。可使用的可接受的媒介物和溶剂包括水、林格溶液和等张氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌不挥发性油通常可用作溶剂或混悬介质。出于该目的,可使用任何温和不挥发性油,包括合成性甘油一酯或甘油二酯。另外,脂肪酸例如油酸也可用于制备注射剂。
可与载体物质组合以制备单一剂量形式的活性成分的量将取决于所治疗的宿主和具体的施用模式而变化。例如,意在对人类口服施用的定时释放制剂可含有约1至1000mg活性物质化合物及合适和适宜量的可占总组合物的约5至约95%(重量:重量)的载体物质。可制备药物组合物以提供可容易测量的施用量。例如,意在静脉内输注的水性溶液剂可含有约3至500μg活性成分/毫升溶液,从而使合适体积的输注能够以约30mL/hr的速率进行。
适于胃肠外施用的制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射溶液剂,其可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和使制剂与预期接受者的血液等张的溶质;及水性和非水性无菌混悬剂,其可包含助悬剂和增稠剂。
适于局部施用至眼部的制剂还包括滴眼剂,其中将活性成分溶于或混悬于合适的载体(尤其是针对活性成分的水性溶剂)中。活性成分在上述制剂中存在的浓度优选为约0.5至20%w/w,例如约0.5至10%w/w,例如约1.5%w/w。
适于在口中局部施用的制剂包括糖锭剂,其包含于矫味基质(通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或西黄蓍胶)中的活性成分;锭剂,其包含于惰性基质(诸如明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)中的活性成分;及漱口剂,其包含于合适液体载体中的活性成分。
适于直肠施用的制剂可呈现为栓剂形式,其具有包含例如可可脂或水杨酸酯的合适基质。
适于肺内或经鼻施用的制剂具有例如0.1至500微米的粒度(包括在0.1和500微米之间且增量为诸如0.5、1、30、35微米等的粒度),其如下施用:快速吸入通过鼻道或吸入通过口以到达肺泡囊。合适的制剂包括活性成分的水性或油性溶液剂。适于气雾或干粉施用的制剂可根据常规方法来制备并可与其它治疗剂例如迄今用于治疗或预防下述病症的化合物一起递送。
适于阴道施用的制剂可呈现为阴道栓剂、塞剂、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫剂或喷雾剂形式,其除活性成分外还含有本领域已知的合适载体。
制剂可包装在单位剂量或多剂量容器例如密封的安瓿或小瓶中且可储存在冷冻干燥(冻干)状态下,其仅需要在使用前即刻加入无菌液体载体例如水以供注射。即时注射溶液剂和混悬剂由上述种类的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。优选的单位剂量制剂是含有本申请上述日剂量或单位日亚剂量或其合适分数的活性成分的那些制剂。
本发明还提供兽用组合物,其由此包含上述至少一种活性成分及兽用载体。兽用载体是可用于施用所述组合物目的的物质并可为固体、液体或气体物质,其在兽医领域中是惰性或可接受的且与活性成分相容。这些兽用组合物可胃肠外、口服或经任何其它所需途径施用。
组合疗法
式I化合物可单独或与用于治疗本申请所述疾病或病症例如炎症或过度增殖性病症(例如癌症)的其它治疗剂组合使用。在一些实施方案中,将式I化合物与具有抗炎或抗过度增殖性质或可用于治疗炎症、免疫应答障碍或过度增殖性病症(例如癌症)的额外的第二治疗性化合物组合在药物组合制剂或作为组合疗法的施用方案中。额外的治疗剂可为Bcl-2抑制剂、JAK抑制剂、抗炎剂、免疫调节剂、化学治疗剂、凋亡增强剂、神经营养因子、心血管疾病治疗剂、肝病治疗剂、抗病毒剂、血液病症治疗剂、糖尿病治疗剂和免疫缺陷障碍治疗剂。第二治疗剂可为NSAID抗炎剂。第二治疗剂可为化学治疗剂。药物组合制剂或施用方案的第二化合物优选具有与式I化合物互补的活性,从而使它们不会相互不利地影响。上述化合物合适地以就所预期的目的而言是有效的量组合存在。在一个实施方案中,本申请组合物包含式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药学上可接受的盐或前药与治疗剂诸如NSAID的组合。
组合疗法可按同时或先后方案来施用。当先后施用时,组合可按两次或更多次施用来施用。组合施用包括使用分开的制剂或单一的药物制剂共施用和以任何顺序先后施用,其中优选的是存在两种(或所有)活性剂同时发挥其生物活性的一段时间。
任何上述共施用的药物的合适剂量是目前所使用的那些剂量且可由于新鉴定的药物和其它治疗剂或处置措施的组合作用(协同作用)而降低。
联合疗法可提供“协同作用”且被证实是“协同的”,即当活性成分一起使用时实现的作用大于分别使用所述化合物所实现的作用的总和。当活性成分:(1)在组合单位剂量制剂中共配制且同时施用或递送;(2)以分开的制剂交替或平行递送;或(3)通过一些其它方案来施用时,可实现协同作用。当以交替疗法递送时,当化合物例如通过以不同的注射器分开注射、分开的丸剂或胶囊剂或分开的输注剂而先后施用或递送时,可实现协同作用。通常,在交替疗法期间,将有效剂量的每种活性成分先后即顺次施用,而在组合疗法中,将有效剂量的两种或更多种活性成分一起施用。
在疗法的具体实施方案中,式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药学上可接受的盐或前药可与其它治疗剂、激素药物或抗体药物诸如本申请所述那些药物组合以及与外科疗法和放射疗法组合。本发明组合疗法由此包括施用至少一种式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药学上可接受的盐或前药及使用至少一种其它癌症治疗方法。式I化合物和其它药物活性治疗剂的量及相关的施用时间安排将被选择,从而实现所期望的组合治疗作用。
与式I化合物组合使用的另外的治疗剂包括5-FU、多西他赛、艾日布林(eribulin)、吉西他滨、考比替尼、ipatasertib、紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、氟维司群、GDC-0810、地塞米松、palbociclib、贝伐珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物、曲妥珠单抗和来曲唑。
式I化合物的代谢物
本申请所述式I的体内代谢产物也落入本发明范围内。上述产物可源于例如所施用的化合物的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺化、酯化、脱酯化、酶促裂解等。因此,本发明包括式I化合物的代谢物,包括由以下方法产生的化合物,所述方法包括使本发明化合物与哺乳动物接触足以产生其代谢产物的一段时间。
代谢产物通常如下鉴定:制备本发明化合物的经放射性标记的(例如14C或3H)同位素,将其以可检测的剂量(例如大于约0.5mg/kg)胃肠外施用至动物诸如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、猴或施用至人类,允许足以发生代谢的时间(通常约30秒至30小时)且将其转化产物与尿、血液或其它生物样品分离。这些产物是容易分离的,这是因为它们是经标记的(其它通过使用能够与在代谢物中存活的抗原表位结合的抗体来分离)。代谢物结构以常规方式例如通过MS、LC/MS或NMR分析来确定。通常,对代谢物的分析以与本领域技术人员已知的常规药物代谢研究相同的方式来进行。代谢产物可用于对本发明化合物的治疗剂量进行诊断性测定,只要它们不是在体内另外存在的。
制品
本发明另一个实施方案提供含有可用于治疗上述疾病和病症的物质的制品或“试剂盒”。在一个实施方案中,试剂盒包含含有式I化合物或其立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、代谢物或药学上可接受的盐或前药的容器。试剂盒还可包含在容器上或与容器相关的标签或包装说明书。术语“包装说明书”用于指通常包含在治疗产品的市售包装中的说明书,其含有关于使用上述治疗产品所涉及的适应症、用法、剂量、施用、禁忌症和/或注意事项的信息。合适的容器包括例如瓶、小瓶、注射器、泡罩包装等。容器可由多种材料诸如玻璃或塑料来形成。容器可容纳可有效治疗病症的式I化合物或其制剂并可具有无菌接口(例如容器可为静脉内溶液袋或具有可被皮下注射针头刺穿的塞子的小瓶)。组合物中的至少一种活性剂是式I化合物。标签或包装说明书指示组合物用于治疗所选择的病症例如癌症。另外,标签或包装说明书可指示待治疗的患者是患有病症诸如过度增殖性病症、神经变性、心脏肥大、疼痛、偏头痛或神经创伤性疾病或事件的患者。在一个实施方案中,标签或包装说明书指示包含式I化合物的组合物可用于治疗起因于异常细胞生长的病症。标签或包装说明书还可指示组合物可用于治疗其它病症。可选择或额外地,制品还可包含第二容器,其包含药学上可接受的缓冲液诸如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、林格溶液和葡萄糖溶液。其还可包含从商业和使用者角度来看所期望的其它物质,包括其它缓冲液、稀释剂、过滤器、针头和注射器。
试剂盒还可包含关于施用式I化合物及第二药物制剂(若存在)的说明。例如,若试剂盒包含含有式I化合物的第一组合物和第二药物制剂,则试剂盒还可包含关于将第一和第二药物组合物同时、先后或分开给予有此需要的患者的说明。
在另一个实施方案中,试剂盒适于递送式I化合物的固体口服形式例如片剂或胶囊剂。上述试剂盒优选包含多个单位剂量。上述试剂盒可包含具有以其所预期的使用顺序而排列的剂量的卡片状物。上述试剂盒的一个实例是“泡罩包装”。泡罩包装在包装工业中是已知的且广泛用于包装药物单位剂量形式。可按需提供记忆辅助装置,其例如呈数字、字母或其它标记形式或具有指出在治疗安排中可进行施用的那些天的日历说明书。
根据一个实施方案,试剂盒可包含(a)在其中含有式I化合物的第一容器;及任选包含(b)在其中含有第二药物制剂的第二容器,其中第二药物制剂包含具有抗过度增殖活性的第二化合物。可选择或额外地,试剂盒还可包含第三容器,其包含药用缓冲液例如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、林格溶液和葡萄糖溶液。其还可包含从商业和使用者角度来看所期望的其它物质,包括其它缓冲液、稀释剂、过滤器、针头和注射器。
在试剂盒包含式I组合物和第二治疗剂的一些其它实施方案中,试剂盒可包含用于容纳分开的组合物的容器例如分开的瓶或分开的箔包装,然而分开的组合物也可包含在单一的未分开的容器中。典型地,试剂盒包含施用分开的组分的指导。当分开的组分优选以不同的剂量形式(例如口服和胃肠外)或以不同的剂量间隔来施用时或当主治医师需要对所组合的各个组分进行滴定时,试剂盒形式是特别有利的。
式I化合物的制备
式I化合物可通过以下合成途径来合成,所述合成途径包括与化学领域已知且尤其是借鉴本申请说明书的那些方法及用于其它杂环的那些方法类似的方法,所述其它方法参见:Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II,Katritzky和Rees编辑,Elsevier,1997,例如第3卷;Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,(9):1910-16,(1985);HelveticaChimica Acta,41:1052-60,(1958);Arzneimittel-Forschung,40(12):1328-31,(1990),将其各自明确地引入作为参考。原料通常可由商业来源例如Aldrich Chemicals(Milwaukee,WI)得到或使用本领域技术人员已知的方法来容易地制备(例如通过在LouisF.Fieser和Mary Fieser,Reagents for Organic Synthesis,v.1-23,Wiley,N.Y.(1967-2006版)或Beilsteins Handbuch der organischen Chemie,4,Aufl.ed.Springer-Verlag,Berlin(包括增补)(也可由Beilstein在线数据库得到)中概述的方法来制备)。
可用于合成式I化合物的合成化学转化和保护基方法学(保护和脱保护)及必要的试剂和中间体是本领域已知的并参见例如R.Larock,Comprehensive OrganicTransformations,VCH Publishers(1989);T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groupsin Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley and Sons(1999);和L.Paquette编辑,Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1995)及其后续版本。
实施例提供了制备式I化合物的示例性方法。本领域技术人员将认识到其它合成途径可用于合成式I化合物。尽管在附图和实施例中描述并讨论了具体的原料和试剂,但是可容易地替换为其它原料和试剂以提供多种衍生物和/或反应条件。另外,由所述方法制备的多种示例性化合物可在本公开内容的基础上使用本领域技术人员已知的常规化学方法来进一步修饰。
当制备式I化合物时,可能需要对中间体的远距离官能团(例如伯胺或仲胺)进行保护。对上述保护的需要将随着远距离官能团的性质和制备方法的条件而变化。合适的氨基保护基包括乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、叔丁氧基羰基(BOC)、苄基氧基羰基(CBz)和9-芴基亚甲基氧基羰基(Fmoc)。对上述保护的需要由本领域技术人员容易地确定。关于保护基及其使用的一般描述参见T.W.Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1991。
在制备式I化合物的方法中,可能有利的是将反应产物彼此和/或与原料分离。通过本领域常规技术将每步或多步的所需产物分离和/或纯化至所需要的均匀度。通常,上述分离涉及多相萃取、从溶剂或溶剂混合物中结晶、蒸馏、升华或色谱法。色谱法可涉及多种方法,包括例如:反相和正相色谱法;尺寸排阻色谱法;离子交换色谱法;高、中和低压液相色谱法和装置;小规模分析型色谱法;模拟移动床(SMB)和制备型薄层或厚层色谱法以及小规模薄层和快速色谱法。
另一类分离方法涉及用所选择的试剂对混合物进行处理以与所需产物、未反应的原料、反应副产物等结合或以其它方式使所需产物、未反应的原料、反应副产物等是可分离的。上述试剂包括吸附剂或吸收剂例如活性炭、分子筛、离子交换介质等。可选择地,所述试剂可为酸(在碱性物质的情况下)、碱(在酸性物质的情况下)、结合剂诸如抗体、结合蛋白、选择性螯合剂例如冠醚、液/液离子萃取试剂(LIX)等。对适当分离方法的选择取决于所涉及的物质的性质例如沸点和分子量(在蒸馏和升华中)、存在或不存在极性官能团(在色谱法中)、物质在酸性和碱性介质中的稳定性(在多相萃取中)等。
非对映异构体混合物可基于其物理化学差异通过本领域技术人员公知的方法诸如色谱法和/或分级结晶被分离成其单独的非对映异构体。对映异构体可如下分离:对映异构体混合物通过与具有适当光学活性的化合物(例如手性助剂诸如手性醇或Mosher’s酰氯)反应而转化为非对映异构体混合物,分离非对映异构体,然后将单独的非对映异构体转化(例如水解)为相应的纯的对映异构体。另外,一些本发明化合物可为阻转异构体(例如经取代的联芳基化合物)且被认为是本发明一部分。对映异构体还可通过使用手性HPLC柱来分离。
基本上不含有其立体异构体的单一立体异构体例如对映异构体可通过对外消旋混合物进行拆分来得到,所述拆分所使用的方法为例如使用具有光学活性的拆分剂来形成非对映异构体(Eliel,E.和Wilen,S.“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994;Lochmuller,C.H.,(1975)J.Chromatogr.,113(3):283-302)。本申请手性化合物的外消旋混合物可通过任何合适的方法来分离,所述方法包括:(1)与手性化合物形成离子性非对映异构盐且通过分级结晶或其它方法来分离;(2)与手性衍生试剂形成非对映异构化合物,分离非对映异构体且转化为纯的立体异构体;和(3)在手性条件下直接分离基本上纯的或富集的立体异构体。参见“Drug Stereochemistry,Analytical Methods and Pharmacology”,Irving W.Wainer编辑,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York(1993)。
在方法(1)中,非对映体盐可以通过对映体纯的手性碱如马钱子碱,奎宁,麻黄碱,士的宁,α-甲基-b-苯乙胺(苯丙胺)等与带有酸性官能团的不对称化合物,如羧酸和磺酸。可以通过分步结晶或离子色谱来诱导非对映体盐分离。为了分离氨基化合物的旋光异构体,加入手性羧酸或磺酸如樟脑磺酸,酒石酸,扁桃酸或乳酸可导致形成非对映体盐。
在方法(1)中,通过使对映体纯的手性碱(诸如番木鳖碱(brucine)、奎宁、麻黄碱、士的宁(strychnine)、α-甲基-β-苯基乙基胺(安非他命)等)与带有酸性官能团(诸如羧酸和磺酸)的不对称化合物进行反应,可形成非对映异构体盐。通过分级结晶或离子色谱,可诱导非对映异构体盐将其分离。对于氨基化合物的光学异构体的分离,添加手性羧酸或磺酸可导致非对映异构体盐的形成,所述手性羧酸或磺酸诸如樟脑磺酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸或乳酸。
可替换地,通过方法(2),使需要解析的底物与手性化合物的一种对映异构体进行反应,形成非对映异构体对(E.and Wilen,S."Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds",John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1994,p.322)。通过使不对称化合物与对映体纯的衍生试剂诸如薄荷基衍生物进行反应,可形成非对映异构体化合物,然后将非对映异构体分离并水解,得到纯的或富集的对映异构体。确定光学纯度的方法涉及制备外消旋混合物的手性酯,诸如薄荷基酯,例如在碱存在下的(-)氯甲酸薄荷基酯,或Mosher酯,α-甲氧基-α-(三氟甲基)苯基乙酸酯(Jacob III.J.Org.Chem.,(1982)47:4165),并分析两种阻转异构的对映异构体或非对映异构体存在时的1H NMR谱。先后通过正相或反相色谱、阻转异构的萘基-异喹啉的分离方法,可分离阻转异构体化合物的稳定非对映异构体(WO 96/15111)。通过方法(3),使用手性固定相,通过色谱可分离两种对映异构体的外消旋混合物("Chiral LiquidChromatography"(1989)W.J.Lough,Ed.,Chapman and Hall,New York;Okamoto,J.Chromatogr.,(1990)513:375-378)。可通过用于区分具有不对称碳原子的其它手性分子的方法,诸如旋光度和圆二色谱,可区分富集的或纯化的对映异构体。
本发明化合物如通用方案1和2中图示说明进行制备。
方案1.
a)MgCl2,三乙胺,多聚甲醛,乙腈,加热;b)乙二醛,氢氧化铵,加热;c)碳酸铯,1,2-二溴乙烷,DMF,加热;d)N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺,DMF,加热;e)i.EtMgBr,THF,-20℃,ii.氯化铵水溶液
如方案1所示,4-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛2可通过将市售的3-溴苯酚甲酰化来获得。与乙二醛和氢氧化铵加热2得到3。可通过用1,2-二溴乙烷加热3来形成氧氮杂环。可通过与N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺反应来诱导双碘化,并且通过用乙基溴化镁在降低的温度处理来选择性地除去3-碘代基团,得到6。
方案2.
f)4-取代的噁唑烷-2-酮,Cu(OAc)2,反式-N,N’-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺,碳酸钾,二噁烷,加热;g)HN(R2)CH(R1)CO2H,CuI,K3PO4,DMSO,加热;h)氯化铵,三乙胺,HATU(1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐)
如方案2中所示,可使用铜催化将6偶联至适当取代的噁唑烷-2-酮,得到7。溴化中间体7可在铜催化下偶联至适当取代的氨基酸,然后是用氯化铵的HATU介导的酰胺偶联,得到化合物8。
实施例
缩写
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
ESI 电喷雾电离
HPLC 高压液相色谱
LCMS 液相色谱质谱
min 分钟
N 当量浓度
NMR 核磁共振
RT 保留时间
LCMS方法A:在连接到具有PDA UV检测器的Waters Acquity UPLC系统的WatersMicromass ZQ2000四极质谱仪上进行实验。光谱仪有以正离子和负离子模式运行的电喷雾源。该系统使用保持在40℃的Acquity BEH C18 1.7um 100x 2.1mm柱或保持在40℃和0.4mL/分钟流速的Acquity BEH Shield RP18 1.7μm 100x 2.1mm柱。最初的溶剂系统是前0.4分钟的含有0.1%甲酸的95%水(溶剂A)和含有0.1%甲酸的5%乙腈(溶剂B),然后在接下来的5.6分钟是至5%溶剂A和95%溶剂B的梯度。保持0.8分钟,然后在接下来0.2分钟内返回到95%溶剂A和5%溶剂B。总运行时间是8分钟。
LCMS方法B:使用ESI作为电离源,在与Agilent MSD质谱仪耦合的Agilent1100HPLC上进行实验。LC分离使用具有0.4mL/分钟流速的Phenomenex XB-C18,1.7mm,50×2.1mm柱。溶剂A是含有0.1%甲酸的水,溶剂B是含有0.1%甲酸的乙腈。梯度在7分钟内由2-98%溶剂B组成,平衡1.5分钟后保持97%B 1.5分钟。LC色谱柱温度为40℃。在220nm和254nm收集UV吸光度,并将质谱全扫描应用于所有实验。
步骤1:4-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛
将20L 4颈圆底烧瓶用氮气惰性气氛吹扫并维持,向其中放入3-溴苯酚(1300g,7.51mol)、二氯化镁(1078g,11.3mol)、三乙胺(3034g,30.0mol)和乙腈(7.8L)。将混合物在40℃搅拌30分钟。在80℃,向混合物中添加多聚甲醛(676g,22.6mol)。将所得溶液在76℃搅拌6小时。该反应重复5次。通过添加12L氯化氢水溶液(4N)淬灭合并的反应混合物。用浓氯化氢水溶液(12N)将溶液的pH值调节至5。所得溶液用1x 20L乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机萃取物真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱(洗脱:15%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化残余物,得到粗产物,将其用2.4L甲基叔丁基醚:己烷(1:4)洗涤。通过过滤收集所得固体,得到7.0kg(78%)标题化合物,其为黄色固体。
步骤2:5-溴-2-(1H-咪唑-2-基)苯酚
向20L 4颈圆底烧瓶中放入4-溴-2-羟基苯甲醛(700g,3.50mol)于甲醇(7.0L)和乙醛(40%)(2540g,17.5mol)中的溶液,接着伴随搅拌历经4小时滴加氨水(25-28%,3500g)并保持温度低于40℃。所得溶液在30-35℃搅拌15小时。重复该反应9次。将合并的9个反应混合物真空蒸发,保持温度低于45℃。用100L乙酸乙酯稀释残余物,伴随搅拌30分钟。滤出固体,所得溶液用水稀释。水相用35L乙酸乙酯萃取。真空蒸发有机萃取物并通过硅胶快速色谱法(溶剂梯度:5-75%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化残余物,得到2.4kg(29%)标题化合物,其为黄色固体。
向20L 4颈圆底烧瓶中放入5-溴-2-(1H-咪唑-2-基)苯酚(1.4kg,5.86mol)于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(14L)的溶液和碳酸铯(7.2kg,22.1mol)。将该混合物搅拌20分钟。向反应混合物中添加1,2-二溴乙烷(4.1kg,21.8mol)。所得溶液在85-90℃搅拌4-12小时,冷却至15℃,并过滤。滤饼用3.0L乙酸乙酯洗涤。滤液用14L乙酸乙酯稀释。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水(4x 14L)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空蒸发,得到1.1kg(71%)标题化合物,其为淡黄色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=265;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.32(d,J=8.4,1H),7.35-7.24(m,3H),7.06(s,1H),4.47-4.42(m,4H)。
向20L 4颈圆底烧瓶中放入9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂(2.5kg,9.43mol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(12.5L),接着伴随搅拌分几批添加N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(6.0kg,26.7mol)。所得溶液在60℃搅拌12小时,用水/冰浴冷却至15℃,用12.5L水/冰稀释并过滤。过滤的固体从石油醚中重结晶,得到4.0kg(82%)标题化合物,其为黄色固体。
将20L 4颈圆底烧瓶用氮气惰性气氛吹扫并维持,向其中放入9-溴-2,3-二碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂(800g,1.55mol)和四氢呋喃(2.4L)中,接着历经3.5小时在-20℃伴随搅拌滴加乙基溴化镁(1N于乙醚中的溶液,1.7L)。使用冰/盐浴将反应混合物搅拌3小时,使温度保持在-15℃。通过添加3.0L饱和氯化铵水溶液将所得混合物淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(2x 8.0L)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水(2x 10L)洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。将粗残余物与8.0L乙酸乙酯:石油醚(1:5)一起研磨,过滤,并用石油醚洗涤,得到501g(83%)标题化合物,其为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=391;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.22(d,J=8.7,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.30-7.25(m,2H),4.45-4.41(m,4H)。
步骤6:(R)-2,2-二甲基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烷-4-甲醛
将高碘酸钠(57.0g,270mmol)溶于热水(115mL)中并添加硅胶(200g, 220-440目,粒度35-75μm)。剧烈搅拌混合物直至获得自由流动的粉末。将其添加至1,2:5,6-二-O-(1-甲基亚乙基)-D-甘露糖醇(50g,190mmol)于二氯甲烷(1.0L)中的溶液中并将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。所得混合物通过Na2SO4垫过滤,固体用二氯甲烷彻底洗涤。将合并的有机萃取物真空蒸发,得到37.2g(75%)标题化合物,其为无色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.73(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),4.38(ddd,J=7.4,4.7,1.9Hz,1H),4.18(dd,J=8.8,7.4Hz,1H),4.10(dd,J=8.8,4.7Hz,1H),1.49(s,3H),1.43(s,3H)。
步骤7:(R)-4-二氟甲基-2,2-二甲基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烷
向在水浴中冷却的(R)-2,2-二甲基-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烷-4-甲醛(7.08g,54mmol)于二氯甲烷(50mL)中的溶液中滴加二乙基氨基三氟化硫(8.4mL,62.6mmol)并将反应混合物在室温搅拌3小时。将所得混合物滴加至快速搅拌的冰冷的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中。混合物进一步用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发,得到6.58g(79%)粗制标题化合物,其为橙色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.69(td,J=55.8,4.9Hz,1H),4.27-4.17(m,1H),4.16-4.03(m,2H),1.46(s,3H),1.38(s,3H)。
步骤8:(R)-3-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基)-1,1-二氟丙-2-醇
将HCl/二噁烷(4N,10.8mL,43.2mmol)添加至(R)-4-二氟甲基-2,2-二甲基[1,3]二氧杂环戊烷(6.58g,43.2mmol)于甲醇(40mL)中的溶液中并将反应混合物在室温搅拌30分钟。将所得混合物真空蒸发并与乙腈共沸。将残余物溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL)并添加叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(6.53g,43.2mmol),三乙胺(9.0mL,64.9mmol)和4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶)(催化量的)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。所得混合物用水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-30%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化所得粗残余物,得到3.43g(35%)标题化合物,其为黄色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.66(td,J=56.4,4.6Hz,1H),3.76-3.60(m,2H),2.46(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),0.81(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤9:((S)-2-叠氮基-3,3-二氟丙氧基)-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷
在-20℃,将三氟甲磺酸酐(2.9mL,17.4mmol)滴加到(R)-3-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基)-1,1-二氟丙-2-醇(3.43g,15.1mmol)和吡啶(2.0mL,24.2mmol)于二氯甲烷(50mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在-20℃搅拌20分钟,然后在0℃搅拌1小时。所得混合物用0.5N HCl水溶液稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取物经硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发。将粗残余物溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL),添加叠氮化钠(2.96g,45.5mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时。所得混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发,得到4.50g粗制标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.74(td,J=55.4,4.4Hz,1H),3.81-3.71(m,2H),3.58-3.47(m,1H),0.81(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤10:(S)-1-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基甲基)-2,2-二氟乙基胺
将氢氧化钯/碳(200mg,20%)添加至((R)-2-叠氮基-3,3-二氟丙氧基)-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷(4.50g,粗品,假设约15.1mmol)于乙酸乙酯(20mL)和甲醇(2.0mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在氢气球下搅拌16小时。过滤反应混合物,添加新鲜的氢氧化钯/碳(400mg,20%),并将反应混合物在氢气球下搅拌16小时。过滤所得混合物,真空蒸发滤液,得到3.08g(90%)粗制标题产物,其为无色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.66(td,J=57.0,4.7Hz,1H),3.71-3.57(m,2H),3.00-2.89(m,1H),1.42(br s,2H),0.82(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤11:(S)-4-二氟甲基噁唑烷-2-酮
将HCl/二噁烷(4N,5.0mL,20mmol)添加至(R)-1-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基甲基)-2,2-二氟乙基胺(Org.Lett.,Vol.9,No.1,2007,41-44)(2.30g,10.3mmol)于甲醇(5.0mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时。将混合物真空蒸发,所得油状物用乙醚研磨,得到固体,将其真空干燥。将固体在0℃溶于甲苯(20mL)和KOH(2.50g,44.6mmol于20mL水中)的混合物。逐滴添加光气(16.3mL,20%于甲苯中),移开冷却浴并将反应混合物搅拌1小时。将混合物真空蒸发,所得残余物用热工业甲基化酒精提取,通过过滤收集固体。真空蒸发滤液,经硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-100%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化所得残余物,得到830mg(68%)标题化合物,其为灰白色固体。[α]D=+10.1(c=2.37,CHCl3)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.96(br s,1H),5.78(td,J=55.3,4.8Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.42(dd,J=9.6,4.4Hz,1H),4.17-4.06(m,1H)。
将9-溴-2-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂(250mg,0.64mmol),(S)-4-二氟甲基噁唑烷-2-酮(88mg,0.64mmol)、反式-N,N'-二甲基-1,2-环己烷二胺(36mg,0.26mmol)、碘化亚铜(24mg,0.13mmol)和碳酸钾(177mg,1.28mmol)于二噁烷(3.0mL)中的混合物在超声下用氩气脱气。将反应混合物在100℃加热5小时,然后冷却至室温。所得混合物用15%氨水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。将所得残余物用甲醇研磨,然后通过制备型HPLC[C18,60%乙腈(0.1%甲酸)/水溶液(0.1%甲酸),运行20分钟]纯化,得到20mg(8%)标题化合物,其为白色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=400/402。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.19(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.29(s,1H),7.24-7.19(m,2H),6.65(ddd,J=57.8,54.5,1.0Hz,1H),4.87(ddd,J=24.0,9.2,4.0Hz,1H),4.73(dd,J=9.5,4.2Hz,1H),4.53(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.48-4.43(m,2H),4.38-4.33(m,2H)。
将(S)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(二氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮(600mg,1.50mmol),L-丙氨酸(267mg,3.00mmol)、碘化亚铜(57mg,0.30mmol)和磷酸三钾(637mg,3.00mmol)混悬于二甲基亚砜(6.0mL)中。将反应混合物在100℃加热2小时。待冷却至室温后,添加二甲基亚砜(4.0mL)、氯化铵(480mg,9.00mmol)和三乙胺(3.1mL,22.5mmol)。历经5分钟,向所得经搅拌的混悬液中逐份添加1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(5.10g,13.5mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时,然后通过用乙酸乙酯洗涤的硅藻土过滤。有机萃取物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。粗残余物经硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)纯化,然后通过手性超临界流体色谱纯化,得到294mg(46%)101,其为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=2.89[M+H]+=408,方法=A;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.00(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.38(br s,1H),7.18(s,1H),7.00(br s,1H),6.71(t,J=55.9Hz,1H),6.41(dd,J=8.8,2.3Hz,1H),6.16(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),5.02-4.89(m,1H),4.63-4.52(m,2H),4.39-4.30(m,4H),3.76(quintet,J=7.0Hz,1H),1.30(d,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
步骤1:(R)-4-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮
在0℃,以内部温度保持在<5℃的速度,向D-丙氨醇(8.65g,0.12mmol)于甲苯和KOH水溶液(124mL,12.5%水溶液,0.28mmol)中的混合物中添加光气(72.7mL,20%于甲苯中,0.14mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃再搅拌40分钟,然后蒸发至干。将粗残余物用工业甲基化酒精提取,过滤浆液,真空蒸发滤液。所得残余物通过硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:40-100%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化,得到10.4g(90%)标题化合物,其为白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ6.00(br s,1H),4.50(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),4.07-3.97(m,1H),3.95(dd,J=7.8,6.2Hz,1H),1.30(d,J=6.1Hz,3H)。
步骤2:(R)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮和(R)-3-(9-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮
将9-溴-2-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂(30.0g,76.7mmol)、(R)-4-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮(7.70g,76.7mmol)、碘化亚铜(1.61g,8.40mmol)、反式-N,N’-二甲基-1,2-环己烷二胺(2.7mL,16.9mmol)和碳酸钾(14.9g,107mmol)的混合物混悬于1,4-二噁烷(200mL)中,并在超声下用氩气将反应混合物脱气。所得混合物在100℃加热16小时。将反应混合物用氨水溶液(约16%)稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。所得残余物通过硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-100%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化,得到13.4g(~42%)标题化合物(9-Br:9-I产物的约2:1混合物)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(d,J=7.6Hz,0.33H),8.11(d,J=6.9Hz,0.66H),7.42-7.38(m,1H),7.28-7.24(m,1.33H),7.23-7.18(m,0.66H),4.77-4.68(m,1H),4.58(t,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.49-4.39(m,2H),4.37-4.30(m,2H),4.08(dd,J=8.4,4.5Hz,1H),1.57-1.50(m,3H)。
经手性SFC分离80mg的(R)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮和(R)-3-(9-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-甲基噁唑烷-2-酮的混合物,得到27.6mg标题化合物。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=364.0/366.0/367.2;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.22(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.35(s,1H),7.31(dd,J=8.7,2.1Hz,1H),7.25(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),4.65–4.54(m,2H),4.49-4.43(m,4H),4.09-4.06(m,1H),1.42(d,J=6.0Hz)。
将(4R)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]苯并氧氮杂-2-基)-4-甲基-噁唑烷-2-酮(0.2746mmol,100mg)、(0.084mmol,16mg),(2S)-2-氨基-2-环丁基-乙酸(1.10mmol,142mg)和磷酸三钾(1.37mmol,297mg)于二甲基亚砜(3mL)中的混合物在微波照射下于120℃加热2小时。将反应冷却至室温,添加碘甲烷(1.4mmol,0.086mL),反应混合物用二氯甲烷和水萃取。将合并的有机萃取物合并,用盐水洗涤,并用硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱(24g硅胶,溶剂梯度:5-40%3:1乙酸异丙酯:甲醇/二氯甲烷)纯化粗产物,得到100mg(85%)标题化合物。
向(2S)-2-环丁基-2-[[2-[(4R)-4-甲基-2-氧代-噁唑烷-3-基]-5,6-二氢咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]苯并氧氮杂-9-基]氨基]乙酸甲酯(0.234mmol,100mg)于四氢呋喃(5mL)中溶液中添加水(0.45mL)和氢氧化锂一水合物(0.357mmol,15mg)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌6小时。将反应混合物真空蒸发。向所得残余物于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3mL)中的溶液中添加1-[二(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(0.353mmol,137mg)、氯化铵(0.71mmol,38mg)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.705mmol,0.123mL),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。将反应混合物真空蒸发,所得残留物用水处理,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发。粗产物通过反相HPLC纯化,随后SFC和冻干,得到15.0mg(15%)的102。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=3.03,[M+H]+=412.2,方法=D;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.96(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.39-7.36(brs,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.00-6.97(brs,1H),6.44(dd,J=8.9,2.3Hz,1H),6.14(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),5.96(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.62–4.49(m,2H),4.38–4.28(m,4H),4.06-4.03(m,1H),3.70–3.61(m,1H),2.06–1.75(m,6H),1.42–1.34(m,3H)。
将来自实施例101,步骤12的(S)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(二氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮(400mg,1.00mmol)、L-环丙基甘氨酸(230mg,2.00mmol)、碘化亚铜(38mg,0.20mmol)和磷酸三钾(424mg,2.00mmol)于二甲基亚砜(2.0mL)中的混合物在超声下用氩气脱气。将混合物在100℃加热5小时,然后冷却至环境温度。用二甲基亚砜(5.0mL)稀释所得混合物,添加氯化铵(320mg,6.00mmol)和三乙胺(1.4mL,10.0mmol)。然后向经搅拌的混悬液中分批添加1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(2.28g,6.0mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌10分钟。所得混合物用15%氨水溶液稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-7%甲醇的乙酸乙酯溶液)纯化粗品残余物。将残余物溶于最少量的乙腈中。然后添加水以使固体析出,通过过滤收集固体,真空干燥,得到324mg(75%)103,其为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=3.21,[M+H]+=434,方法=A;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.98(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.40(brs,1H),7.17(s,1H),7.03(br s,1H),6.71(t,J=56.0Hz,1H),6.42(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.01-4.89(m,1H),4.63-4.51(m,2H),4.38-4.29(m,4H),3.15(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),1.16-1.05(m,1H),0.56-0.44(m,3H),0.33-0.25(m,1H)。
(R)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]苯并氧氮杂-2-基)-4-甲基-噁唑烷-2-酮(实施例102,步骤3)(1.098mmol,400mg)、碘化亚铜(0.330mmol,62.8mg)、(2S)-2-氨基-2-环丙基-乙酸(3.295mmol,379.3mg)和磷酸三钾(4.393mmol,951.5mg)于二甲基亚砜(35mmol,2.5mL)中的混合物在微波辐射下在110℃加热2小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温。向反应混合物中添加1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(12.08mmol,4260mg)、氯化铵(12.08mmol,646mg)和三乙胺(1.53mL,11.0mmol)。在室温20分钟后,将反应混合物用水处理,然后用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。粗产物通过反相HPLC纯化并冻干,得到110mg(历经2步25%)104。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=2.588,[M+H]+=398.2,方法=B;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.96(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.02(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.42(dd,J=8.9,2.4Hz,1H),6.20(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.61–4.49(m,2H),4.40–4.27(m,4H),4.10–3.99(m,1H),3.22–3.09(m,1H),1.42–1.36(m,3H),1.16–1.04(m,1H),0.56–0.42(m,3H),0.32-0.27(m,1H)。
步骤1:(R)-1-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基)-3-氟丙-2-醇
将叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(1.60g,10.63mmol)添加至(R)-3-氟丙烷-1,2-二醇(1.00g,10.6mmol)、三乙胺(1.93mL,13.8mmol)和催化量的4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶于二氯甲烷中的溶液中,并将反应混合物温热至室温,并在室温搅拌16小时。将反应混合物用水稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机级分用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-40%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化所得粗制残余物,得到1.80g(81%)标题化合物,其为无色油状物。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.45-4.36(m,1H),4.34-4.25(m,1H),3.87-3.73(m,1H),3.66-3.56(m,2H),2.30(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),0.82(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤2:(S)-2-叠氮基-3-氟丙氧基)-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷
将三氟甲磺酸酐(1.67mL,9.93mmol)滴加至(R)-1-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基)-3-氟丙-2-醇(1.80g,8.60mmol)和吡啶(1.2mL,13.8mmol)于二氯甲烷中的溶液中,并反应混合物在-20℃搅拌20分钟,然后在0℃搅拌30分钟。将反应混合物用0.5N HCl水溶液稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。将残余物溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(5.0mL)并添加叠氮化钠(1.68g,25.9mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌2小时。所得混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发,得到粗标题化合物,其不经纯化即可继续使用。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.58-4.26(m,2H),3.75-3.63(m,2H),3.62-3.46(m,1H),0.80(s,9H),0.00(s,6H)。
步骤3:(S)-1-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基甲基)-2-氟乙基胺
将氢氧化钯(400mg,20%于碳上)添加到((S)-2-叠氮基-3-氟丙氧基)-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷(粗品,假设为8.60mmol)于乙酸乙酯(15mL)和甲醇(5.0mL)中的溶液中,并将反应混合物在氢气球下搅拌16小时。过滤所得混合物,添加新鲜的氢氧化钯(400mg,20%于碳上)并将反应在氢气球下再搅拌16小时。过滤所得混合物,真空蒸发滤液,得到标题化合物,其为产物:起始原料的约2:1混合物,其不经纯化即可继续使用。
步骤4:(S)-4-氟甲基噁唑烷-2-酮
将HCl/二噁烷(4N,2.0mL,8.00mmol)添加至(S)-1-(叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氧基甲基)-2-氟乙基胺(粗品,假设为8.60mmol)于甲醇(3.0mL)中的溶液中,并将所得混合物在室温搅拌2小时。将反应混合物真空蒸发。将所得残余物在0℃溶于甲苯(20mL)和KOH(2.89g,51.6mmol,12.5%水溶液)的混合物。向该混合物中滴加光气(13.6mL,20%于甲苯中),移开冷却浴并将所得混合物搅拌1小时。将反应混合物真空蒸发,所得残余物用热工业甲基化酒精提取。将滤液真空蒸发,所得残余物通过硅胶快速色谱法(溶剂梯度:50-100%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化,得到450mg(44%,3步)标题化合物,其为灰白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ5.69(br s,1H),4.59-4.42(m,2H),4.42-4.32(m,1H),4.25-4.08(m,2H)。
步骤5:(S)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮和(S)-3-(9-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮
将9-溴-2-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂(722mg,1.85mmol)、(S)-4-氟甲基噁唑烷-2-酮(220mg,1.85mmol)、3,4,7,8-四甲基-1,10-菲咯啉(131mg,0.55mmol)、Cu(OAc)2.H2O(74mg,0.37mmol)、碳酸钾(510mg,3.70mmol)和二噁烷(6.0ml)的混合物密封在管中,并在超声条件用氩气将混合物脱气。将反应混合物在100℃加热72小时。所得反应混合物用15%氨水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。通过硅胶快速色谱法(溶剂梯度:0-100%乙酸乙酯/环己烷)纯化粗制残余物,得到390mg(53%)标题化合物(9-Br和9-I产物的约2:1混合物)。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=382/384/430;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(d,J=9.3Hz,0.7H),8.05(d,J=8.8Hz,0.3H),7.43-7.37(m,0.6H),7.29(s,1.2H),7.23-7.18(m,1.2H),5.03-4.66(m,3H),4.60(t,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=8.6,4.3Hz,1H),4.47-4.43(m,2H),4.37-4.33(m,2H)。
将(S)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮和(S)-3-(9-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮(195mg,约2:1混合物Br:I,约0.49mmol)、L-环丙基甘氨酸(104mg,0.90mmol)、碘化亚铜(17mg,0.09mmol)和磷酸三钾(190mg,0.90mmol)于二甲基亚砜(1.5mL)中的混合物在超声条件下用氩气脱气。将反应混合物在100℃加热16小时,然后冷却至室温。用二甲基亚砜(1.0mL)稀释所得混合物,并添加氯化铵(144mg,2.70mmol)和三乙胺(950μL,6.75mmol)。然后向该混合物中分批添加1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(1.54g,4.05mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。所得混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。所得粗制残余物经硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)纯化,然后通过硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-100%乙酸甲酯/环己烷)进一步纯化,得到得到90mg(48%)105,其为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=2.76[M+H]+=416,方法=A;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.94(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.40(br s,1H),7.17(s,1H),7.03(br s,1H),6.41(dd,J=8.8,2.3Hz,1H),6.22(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.99(ddd,J=48.3,9.8,2.5Hz,1H),4.81-4.56(m,3H),4.40(dd,J=8.6,3.9Hz,1H),4.37-4.29(m,4H),3.15(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),1.16-1.05(m,1H),0.54-0.43(m,3H),0.33-0.25(m,1H)。
将(S)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮和(S)-3-(9-碘-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮(实施例105,步骤5)(195mg,9-Br:9-I的约2:1混合物,约0.49mmol)、L-丙氨酸(87mg,0.98mmol)、碘化亚铜(17mg,0.09mmol)和磷酸三钾(208mg,0.98mmol)于二甲基亚砜(3.0mL)中的混合物在超声条件下用氩气进行脱气。将反应混合物在100℃加热4小时,然后冷却至室温。用二甲基亚砜(3.0mL)稀释所得混合物,添加氯化铵(157mg,2.94mmol)和三乙胺(683μL,4.8mmol)。然后向该混合物中分批添加1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(1.10g,2.94mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌30分钟。所得混合物用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将合并的有机萃取物用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。所得残余物经硅胶快速色谱(溶剂梯度:0-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷)纯化,然后通过手性超临界流体色谱法进一步纯化,得到36mg(19%)106,其为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=2.43[M+H]+=390,方法=A;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.96(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.37(br s,1H),7.17(s,1H),7.00(br s,1H),6.39(dd,J=8.6,1.6Hz,1H),6.15(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),5.08-4.55(m,5H),4.42-4.28(m,4H),3.76(quintet,J=7.2Hz,1H),1.30(d,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
将(S)-3-(9-溴-5,6-二氢苯并[f]咪唑并[1,2-d][1,4]氧氮杂-2-基)-4-(二氟甲基)噁唑烷-2-酮(实施例101,步骤12)(240mg,0.60mmol)、(S)-2-氨基丁酸(124mg,1.19mmol)、碘化亚铜(22.8mg,0.119mmol)、磷酸三钾(255mg,1.19mmol)和二甲基亚砜(6.0mL)的混合物在氩气下在100℃搅拌6小时。使所得混合物冷却至室温,然后添加氯化铵(188mg,3.52mmol)和三乙胺(1.2mL,8.80mmol)。向经搅拌的混悬液中分批添加1-[双(二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸盐(2.01g,5.28mmol),并将反应混合物在室温搅拌1小时。所得混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和氯化铵洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并真空蒸发。粗产物经硅胶快速色谱法(溶剂梯度:0-10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯)纯化,经反相HPLC进一步纯化,然后经手性超临界流体色谱法纯化,得到73.6mg(30%)107,其为白色固体。LCMS(ESI):RT(min)=3.13,[M+H]+=422,Method=A;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.99(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.40(s,1H),7.17(s,1H),7.03(s,1H),6.71(t,J=56.0Hz,1H),6.44(dd,J=8.8,2.2Hz,1H),6.13(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),5.02-4.89(m,1H),4.62-4.53(m,2H),4.41-4.27(m,4H),3.65-3.60(m,1H),1.72-1.59(m,2H),0.94(t,J=7.3Hz,3H)。
实施例901p110α(alpha)PI3K结合测定
PI3K结合测定意在确定小分子PI3K抑制剂的生化效力。PI3K脂质激酶反应在PIP2:3PS脂质底物(Promega#V1792)和ATP存在下进行。在激酶反应终止之后,使用PromegaADP-GloTM(Promega#V1792)测定法检测激酶反应是否通过磷脂质底物的磷酸化将ATP转换为ADP。如表5所示,对每个PI3K同种型使用以下条件进行反应。
表5.
激酶 | 来源 | 最终激酶浓度 | ATP(uM) | PIP2:3PS(uM) | 反应时间(min.) |
PI3Kα | Millipore#14-602-K | 0.2nM | 40 | 50 | 120 |
PI3Kβ | Promega#V1751 | 0.6nM | 40 | 50 | 120 |
PI3Kδ | Millipore#14-604-K | 0.25nM | 40 | 50 | 120 |
PI3Kγ | Millipore#14-558-K | 0.4nM | 25 | 50 | 120 |
反应120分钟后,终止激酶反应。反应后剩余的任何ATP都耗尽,只留下ADP。然后添加激酶检测试剂以将ADP转化成ATP,其用于偶联的荧光素/荧光素酶反应中。测量发光输出并与激酶活性相关联。
所有反应均在室温进行。对于每种PI3K同种型,将酶/脂质底物溶液的3μl混合物(1:1)添加到仅含有50nl测试化合物或DMSO的384孔白色测定板(Perkin Elmer#6007299)中,仅用于未处理的对照。通过添加2μl ATP/MgCl2开始反应。激酶反应缓冲液含有50mMHEPES、50mM NaCl、3mM MgCl2、0.01%BSA、1%DMSO,以及如上表所示的酶和底物浓度。添加10μL ADP-Glo试剂终止反应。使用发光模式在Perkin Elmer Envision系统中读取板。针对每种测试化合物产生10点剂量响应曲线。每个化合物的Ki值使用Morrison方程确定。
结合测定:初始偏振实验在Analyst HT 96-384(Molecular Devices Corp,Sunnyvale,CA.)上进行。用于荧光偏振亲和力测量的样品如下制备:将p110αPI3K(UpstateCell Signaling Solutions,Charlottesville,VA)的1:3连续稀释液(始于在偏振缓冲液(10mM Tris pH 7.5、50mM NaCl、4mM MgCl2、0.05%Chaps和1mM DTT)中的最终浓度为20μg/mL)加到最终浓度为10mM的PIP2(Echelon-Inc.,Salt Lake City,UT.)中。在室温温育30分钟后,通过添加最终浓度分别为100nM和5nM的GRP-1和PIP3-TAMRA探针(Echelon-Inc.,Salt Lake City,UT.)使反应停止。在384孔黑色低容量(PerkinElmer,Wellesley,MA.)中用标准截止滤波器对罗丹明荧光团进行读取(λ激发=530nm;λ发射=590nm)。将荧光偏振值绘制成蛋白质浓度的函数。EC50值如下得到:使用软件(Synergy software,Reading,PA)将数据拟合成四参数方程。该实验还确定了适用于后续抑制剂竞争实验的蛋白质浓度。
抑制剂IC50值如下确定:将0.04mg/mL p110αPI3K(最终浓度)与PIP2(10mM最终浓度)一起加到以下孔中,所述孔含有拮抗剂在最终浓度为25mM的ATP(Cell SignalingTechnology,Inc.,Danvers,MA)/偏振缓冲液中的1:3连续稀释液。在室温温育30分钟后,通过添加最终浓度分别为100nM和5nM的GRP-1和PIP3-TAMRA探针(Echelon-Inc.,Salt LakeCity,UT.)使反应停止。在384孔黑色低容量(PerkinElmer,Wellesley,MA.)中用标准截止滤波器对罗丹明荧光团进行读取(λ激发=530nm;λ发射=590nm)。将荧光偏振值绘制成拮抗剂浓度的函数且IC50值如下得到:在Assay Explorer软件(MDL,San Ramon,CA.)中将数据拟合成四参数方程。
可选择地,在放射性测定中使用纯化重组酶和浓度为1μM(微摩尔浓度)的ATP来确定对PI3K的抑制。将化合物在100%DMSO中连续稀释。将激酶反应混合物在室温温育1h且通过添加PBS使反应终止。然后使用S形剂量-应答曲线拟合(可变斜率)来确定IC50值。
实施例902突变体PI3Kα(alpha)的选择性抑制
通过测量SW48近等基因细胞系:PI3Kα野生型(亲本)、螺旋结构域突变体E545K和激酶结构域突变体H1047R中的PI3K途径的抑制确定本发明化合物优先针对含有突变体PI3Kα(alpha)的细胞起作用的能力。以下测定意在确定小分子PI3Kα抑制剂的细胞效力和突变体选择性。该测定利用表达PI3KαWT、PI3Kα突变体E545K/+(Horizon Discovery 103-001)或PI3Kα突变体H1047R/+(Horizon Discovery 103-005)的近等基因细胞系。在化合物处理24小时后测量每个细胞系中通过PI3Kα的pPRAS40抑制的效力。PI3Kα抑制剂的突变选择性由WT相对于E545K细胞系和WT相对于H1047R细胞系中的EC50效力比确定。
细胞培养:将细胞系在细胞培养箱中于37℃和5%在含有RPMI1640(在Genentech制备)、10%FBS(Gibco 16140-071)、2mM L-谷氨酰胺(在Genentech制备)和10mM HEPES pH7.2(在Genentech制备)的细胞培养基中维持。使用0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA(Gibco 25200),细胞每72小时以1:8的比例分裂。
测定操作:收获细胞并铺板于384孔组织培养物处理的测定板(Greinercat#781091)中,并于37℃,5%CO2温育过夜。将三种细胞系(WT,E545K和H1047R)平行铺板并测定。翌日,将测试化合物在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中连续稀释并添加到细胞中(最终的DMSO浓度为0.5%)。然后将细胞在37℃和5%CO2温育24小时。24小时后,裂解细胞并使用Meso-Scale定制pPRAS40 384w测定试剂盒(Meso Scale Discovery,cat#L21CA-1)测量pPRAS40水平。将细胞裂解物添加至用针对磷酸化PRAS40的抗体预包覆的测定板中。使样品中磷酸化的PRAS40在4℃与捕获抗体结合过夜。将检测抗体(用电化学发光SULFO-TAG标记的抗总PRAS40)添加至结合的裂解物中并在室温温育1小时。添加MSD阅读缓冲器,使得当向平板电极施加电压时,绑定到电极表面的标签发光。MSD扇形仪器测量光的强度,并定量测量样品中的磷酸-PRAS40的量。相对于未处理的对照,计算不同浓度的测试化合物对PRAS40磷酸化的抑制百分比。使用4参数逻辑非线性回归剂量-响应模型计算EC50值。
统计分析:EC50值表示最少4次独立实验的几何平均值。所有统计数据均使用KaleidaGraph软件(版本4.1.3)进行。使用具有相同方差的不成对数据进行Student t检验,以比较针对突变体细胞和野生型细胞的活性。P<0.05被认为是显著的。
实施例903体外细胞活力测定
在384孔板中接种细胞(每孔1500个)16小时。在第2天,在96孔板中制备于DMSO中的9个系列1:3化合物稀释液。然后使用Rapidplate机器人(Zymark Corp.)将化合物进一步稀释到生长培养基中。然后将稀释的化合物添加至384孔细胞板的一式四份的孔中,并在37℃和5%CO2温育。4天后,根据制造商的说明书使用Cell Titer-Glo(Promega)通过发光测量活细胞的相对数目,并在Wallac Multilabel Reader(Perkin-Elmer)上读取。使用Prism6.0软件(GraphPad)计算EC50值。
实施例904体内小鼠肿瘤异种移植物效力
小鼠:雌性重度综合免疫缺陷小鼠(C.B-17SCID.bg Charles River Labs,SanDiego)、NOD.SCID(Charles River Labs,Hollister)或NCR.裸鼠(Taconic)为8至9周龄且在研究的第0天具有18-26克的体重范围。动物任意接受水和实验室热压灭菌啮齿动物食物(Laboratory Autoclavable Rodent Diet)5010(LabDiet St.Louis,MO)。将小鼠圈养在静态微隔离器(12小时光照周期)中。Genentech在限制、管理、手术操作、喂养和流体监管及兽医护理方面具体符合实验室动物护理和使用指南的要求。Genentech的动物护理和使用程序是被国际实验动物饲养评估认证协会(AAALAC)认可的,其确保符合所接受的实验室动物护理和使用标准。将小鼠在Genentech置于标准啮齿动物微隔离器笼中并适应研究肿瘤细胞植入前至少3天的研究条件。只有似乎健康且没有明显异常的动物才被用于研究。
肿瘤植入:以癌细胞(HCC1954x1或KPL4)或传代肿瘤(HCI-003)启动异种移植。将细胞在补充有10%胎牛血清、2mM谷氨酰胺,100单位/mL青霉素、100μg/mL(微克每毫升)硫酸链霉素和25μg/mL庆大霉素的RPMI1640培养基中培养,在对数期生长收获并根据细胞系的倍增时间重悬于浓度为3×106或5×106个细胞/mL的50%不含酚红的基质胶(BectonDickinson Bioscience;San Jose,CA)和Hank平衡盐溶液中。对于HCI-003患者衍生的模型,在植入肿瘤片段之前3天,皮下植入含有约1mg 17β(贝塔)-雌二醇的30mg蜂蜡颗粒。将肿瘤细胞或片段植入2/3乳房脂肪垫中,并且当平均尺寸接近目标范围100-250mm3时监测肿瘤生长。一旦大部分肿瘤达到目标范围,根据肿瘤体积将小鼠分组,每组7-10只小鼠。
治疗剂:将PI3K化合物作为游离碱以干粉形式提供,并在室温避光保存。taselisib(GDC-0032)和BYL719的媒介物是在去离子水中的0.5%甲基纤维素:0.2%吐温80(MCT)。化合物101的媒介物对照是0.5%甲基纤维素/0.2%吐温80(MCT)纳米混悬液。MCT纳米混悬液通过最初制备MCT混悬液来制备。一旦制备,使用1mm玻璃珠和稀土磁力搅拌棒将MCT混悬液研磨约24小时,制成精细的纳米混悬液。使用粒度分析仪检查最终粒度。每周制备药物剂量并在4℃保存。
治疗:以100μL,微升(5mL/kg)的体积通过管饲PO每日给予小鼠(媒介物)或以mg/kg剂量表示的PI3K化合物(以游离碱当量表示),21-28天。
终点:肿瘤体积使用Ultra Cal IV测径器(Model 54 10 111;Fred V.FowlerCompany)如下在两个维度(长度和宽度)测量:肿瘤体积(mm3)=(长度×宽度2)×0.5且使用Excel 11.2版(Microsoft Corporation)进行分析。线性混合作用(LME)建模方法用于分析来自相同动物的随时间的肿瘤体积的重复测量值(Pinheiro,J.等nlme:线性和非线性混合作用模型,2009;R包版本3.2.5)。该方法兼顾了重复测量值和由于研究结束前任何非治疗相关动物死亡而引起的适当退出。三次回归样条用于将非线性分布拟合至每个剂量水平的log2肿瘤体积的时程。然后使这些非线性分布与混合模型中的剂量关联。呈媒介物对照百分比形式的肿瘤生长抑制(%TGI)使用以下公式被计算成相对于媒介物的针对每天各个剂量组所拟合的曲线下面积(AUC):%TGI=100×(1-AUC药物/AUC媒介物)。使用该公式,100%的TGI值表示肿瘤停滞,大于(>)1%但小于(<)100%的TGI值表示肿瘤生长延迟,而大于(>)100%的TGI值表示肿瘤消退。就动物而言的部分应答(PR)被定义为肿瘤消退大于(>)50%但小于(<)100%初始肿瘤体积。完全应答(CR)被定义为在研究期间的任何一天100%肿瘤消退(即没有可测量的肿瘤)。
毒性:在研究的前5天每天对动物进行称重,然后每周称重两次。动物体重使用Adventurer AV812秤(Ohaus Corporation)来测量。体重变化百分比如下计算:体重变化(%)=[(重量新一天-重量第0天)/重量第0天]×100。经常观察小鼠是否出现任何不良的与治疗相关的副作用的明显体征且当观察到时记录毒性的临床体征。可接受的毒性被定义为在研究期间组平均体重(BW)减轻小于20%且10只经治疗的动物中不超过1例与治疗相关的(TR)死亡。任何导致较大毒性的给药方案被视为高于最大耐受剂量(MTD)。若临床指征和/或尸检表明死亡归因于治疗副作用,则该死亡归类为TR或若在给药期间或在最后一次给药后10天内由于未知原因而引起死亡,则该死亡也可归类为TR。若没有证据表明死亡与治疗副作用相关,则该死亡归类为NTR。
实施例905.细胞培养我和体外抑制剂实验
细胞系在标准组织培养条件下在含有10%胎牛血清、100U/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素的RPMI培养基中生长。HCC-1954和HDQ-P1是乳腺癌细胞系(American Type CultureCollection;Manassas,VA)。HCC-1954和HDQ-P1细胞以80000个细胞/孔置于6孔组织培养板的每个孔中并在37℃温育过夜。将细胞与指定浓度的每种化合物温育24小时。温育后,将细胞用冷的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤一次,并在补充有蛋白酶抑制剂(F.Hoffman-LaRoche;Mannheim,Germany)、1mM苯基甲基磺酰氟和磷酸酶抑制剂混合物1和2(Sigma-Aldrich;St.Louis,MO)的BiosourceTM细胞提取缓冲液(Invitrogen;Carlsbad,CA)中裂解。使用Pierce BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific;Rockford,IL)确定蛋白质浓度。
蛋白质测定
使用Pierce BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒(Rockford,IL)确定蛋白质浓度。对于免疫印迹,通过经NuPage Bis-Tris 4-12%梯度凝胶(Invitrogen;Carlsbad,CA)的电泳分离相等的蛋白质量;使用来自InVitrogen的IBlot系统和方案将蛋白质转移至硝化纤维素膜上。抗p110α和磷酸-Akt(Ser473)的抗体获自Cell Signaling(Danvers,MA)。针对β-肌动蛋白和GAPDH抗体来自Sigma。
实施例906CD19+CD27-B细胞中的B细胞CD69表达、人全血测定CD69表达
细胞培养:将人全血以每孔100μl分配到96深孔板中。将化合物在DMSO中稀释以产生所需的储备液浓度,然后在PBS中进一步稀释至所需的工作浓度,并以每孔5.5μL的体积添加。然后在添加5μg(每孔10μl)山羊抗IgM F(ab’)2(Southern Biotech,AL)之前,将样品于37℃在5%CO2下温育1小时,并于37℃在5%CO2下温育18小时。所有治疗均一式两份测试。
细胞分离和染色操作:温育后,通过用CD27;10μl/孔(克隆L128;BD Biosciences,NJ)CD19;7.5μl/孔(克隆SJ25C1;BD Biosciences,NJ)和CD69;10μl(克隆FN50;BDBiosciences,NJ)的混合物染色全血样品确定CD19+CD27-细胞上的CD69表达的水平。此外,来自每个供体的人全血用同种型匹配的荧光对照抗体染色。添加适当的抗体混合物后,将全血样品在黑暗中染色30分钟,然后用BD Pharm Lysis(BD Bioscience,NJ)裂解。然后用FACS缓冲液(磷酸盐缓冲盐水(不含Ca/Mg++)、1mM EDTA、25mM HEPES pH 7.0、1%胎牛血清(热灭活))洗涤所得样品,并将其固定在补充有0.1%甲醛(Polysciences Inc,PA)和0.1%Pluronic F-68(Sigma,MO)的FACS缓冲液中。以BD FACSDiva软件使用BD LSR-II(BDBiosciences)获得数据。
CD19+CD27-B细胞的CD69表达。使用BD FACSDiva软件通过流式细胞术评估细胞的CD19、CD27和CD69水平,并确定CD19+CD27-淋巴细胞群的CD69 MFI-平均值。使用Genedata软件(Genedata Screener,MA)确定导致CD69 MFI平均值的50%抑制的化合物浓度(IC50)。
实施例907HCC1954和HDQP1 pPRAS40 EC50
将细胞铺板于384孔组织培养物处理的测定板中并温育过夜。翌日,将细胞用化合物处理并温育24小时。24小时后,裂解细胞并使用Meso-Scale测定平台测量pPRAS40水平。这些细胞系对于表征PI3Ka抑制剂对突变体PI3Ka的选择性非常有用。HCC1954细胞系在HDQP1中表达突变体PI3KPI3Ka(E545K)vs WT。
测定原理:MSD平台提供测量单个样品中pPRAS40的磷酸化水平的方法。将细胞裂解物添加至用针对全PRAS40的抗体预包覆的测定板中。细胞裂解后,允许样品中的PRAS40与捕获抗体结合。将用电化学发光化合物MSD SULFO-TAG标记的检测抗体(抗磷酸PRAS40)添加至结合的裂解物中。添加MSD阅读缓冲器,使得当向平板电极施加电压时,绑定到电极表面的标签发光。MSD扇形仪测量光的强度,并定量测量样品中磷酸-EGFR的量(Meso Scale测定原理)。
材料:
操作:
·以2mM于DMSO中的浓度制备化合物。制备DMSO化合物滴定板,1:3于纯态DMSO中。
·DMSO母板含有72μl的13种化合物。
·突变体选择性对照化合物:添加72ul的2mM对照化合物至每个测定板上的孔B2中。该对照化合物在HCC1954细胞系相对于HDQP1细胞系表现出大约20倍大的效力。
·使用多通道移液管,从每个化合物孔转移36ul至正下方的孔(例如B2至C2),以建立一式两份的剂量-响应曲线。
·使用标题为“SLS_serial dilution/1plate_384_3_13_3x”的Biomek Fx方法,以在母板中进行化合物的连续稀释。
·不使用时,用热封机密封并保存DMSO母板和子板。
第1天:细胞铺板
1.对于每个细胞系,在45ul培养基中接种12500个细胞。在室温使细胞沉降/附着板15-20分钟。
2.在37℃湿度和CO2控制的培养箱中温育细胞过夜。
第2天:化合物板制备和化合物处理
1.对于10X中间稀释板:添加95ul无血清培养基至标准格式的Greiner384孔聚丙烯板中。
2.使用biomek Fx方案在培养基中添加中间化合物稀释液并添加至细胞中:“SLSIntermed Dil Add 5ul to Cells July 13 2012.”该Biomek方案从DMSO子板转移5ul至含有95ul培养基的中间稀释板中并混合培养基+化合物。然后该方法从中间稀释板转移5ul至合适的细胞板。
3.在5%CO2加湿的培养箱中将经处理的细胞在37度温育24小时。
第3天:细胞裂解和添加至MSD板
用50ul 3%阻断剂A/1X MSD洗涤缓冲液在室温阻断MSD测定板1-2小时。该溶液可在4℃保存长达一个月。阻断缓冲液A含有1X MSD洗涤缓冲液、20mL 1X Tris洗涤缓冲液和600mg阻断剂A。
制备裂解缓冲液:
吸出培养基并裂解细胞
1.在50μl裂解缓冲液中裂解细胞。在板振荡器上于室温裂解10-20分钟。
2.当细胞裂解时,用1x MSD洗涤缓冲液洗涤阻断的板。
3.转移42ul裂解物(21+21μL)至阻断的MSD pPRAS40测定板中。
4.密封MSD板并在4℃振摇过夜。
第4天:MSD测定/检测
8.在1X MSD洗涤缓冲液中制备1%阻断剂A的溶液。(20mL 1X Tris洗涤缓冲液和200mg阻断剂A(1%w/v)。该溶液可在4℃保存一个月。
9.用1x MSD洗涤缓冲液洗涤MSD板。
10.添加10μl稀释的SULFO-TAG检测抗体至板中。在室温振摇温育1小时。
11.用1X MSD洗涤缓冲液洗涤板4次。
12.用反相移液法添加35μl 1X阅读缓冲液以避免起泡。
13.立即在MSD SECTOR仪器上读板。
实施例908与p110α(alpha)的共晶体学
根据Chen等和Nacht等产生N-末端截短的p110α(alpha)(Chen,P.,Y.L.Deng,S.Bergqvist,M.D.Falk,W.Liu,S.Timofeevski and A.Brooun"Engineering of anisolated p110alpha subunit of PI3Kalpha permits crystallization and providesa platform for structure-based drug design,"(2014)Protein Sci 23(10):1332-1340;Nacht,M.et al(2013)"Discovery of a potent and isoform-selective targetedcovalent inhibitor of the lipid kinase PI3Kalpha,"J.Med.Chem.56(3):712-721)。
在项目化合物存在的情况下,将标准方案用于产生晶体。收获的晶体通过浸没在液氮中保存以用于衍射数据收集,并安置在产生单色X射线的同步加速器束线上。使用标准方案收集、减少和合并衍射数据。晶体单位晶胞和空间群与以前报道的那些是同晶型的(Nacht,2013;Chen,2014)。将项目化合物放置到电子密度图中,并使用标准方案进行晶体学精修至的分辨率极限。
在本申请中,单位ul、uMol等意指μl、μMol等。
尽管出于理解清晰的目的已经通过示例说明和实施例在一定程度上详细描述了上述发明,但是所述描述和实施例不应该被理解为限制本发明范围。本申请引用的所有专利和科学文献的全部公开内容都通过引用的方式明确地并入本申请。
Claims (27)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为CH3或环丙基。
3.权利要求1或2的化合物,其中R2为-CHF2。
11.一种药物组合物,其由权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物和药学上可接受的载体、助流剂、稀释剂或赋形剂组成。
12.权利要求11的药物组合物,其中所述药学上可接受的载体、助流剂或赋形剂选自二氧化硅、粉状纤维素、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸金属盐、铝硅酸钠、苯甲酸钠、碳酸钙、硅酸钙、玉米淀粉、碳酸镁、无石棉滑石、stearowet C、淀粉、淀粉1500、月桂基硫酸镁、氧化镁及其组合。
13.一种制备药物组合物的方法,其包括使权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物与药学上可接受的载体、助流剂、稀释剂或赋形剂组合。
14.一种治疗具有癌症的患者的癌症的方法,其包括向所述患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
15.权利要求14的方法,其进一步包括向所述患者施用选自以下的另外的治疗剂:5-FU、多西他赛、艾日布林、吉西他滨、考比替尼、ipatasertib、紫杉醇、他莫昔芬、氟维司群、GDC-0810、地塞米松、palbociclib、贝伐珠单抗、帕妥珠单抗、曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物、曲妥珠单抗和来曲唑。
16.权利要求14的方法,其中所述癌症为乳腺癌。
17.权利要求16的用途,其中所述乳腺癌为雌激素受体阳性(ER+)乳腺癌。
18.权利要求16的方法,其中所述乳腺癌亚型为基底型或管状上皮型。
19.权利要求14的方法,其中所述癌症表达选自以下的PIK3CA突变体:E542K、E545K、Q546R、H1047L和H1047R。
20.权利要求14的方法,其中所述癌症表达PTEN突变体。
21.权利要求16的方法,其中所述癌症为HER2阳性的。
22.权利要求16的方法,其中所述患者为HER2阴性、ER(雌激素受体)阴性和PR(孕酮受体)阴性的。
23.一种用于治疗性处置乳腺癌的试剂盒,包括:
a)权利要求11或12的药物组合物;和
b)用于治疗性处置乳腺癌的使用说明书。
24.权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物用于治疗患者的癌症的用途,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
25.权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物在制备用于治疗患者的癌症的药物中的用途,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
26.权利要求1-10中任一项的化合物,其用于治疗患者的癌症,其中所述癌症选自乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌。
27.如本申请所述的发明。
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