CN111903569A

CN111903569A - Timely coupled production mode for rice and fish habitat

Info

Publication number: CN111903569A
Application number: CN202010671611.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 梁军能; 谭芸; 周宇; 郭忠宝; 陈丽婷; 肖俊
Original assignee: Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2020-07-13
Filing date: 2020-07-13
Publication date: 2020-11-10

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a timely coupling production mode for a rice and fish habitat. The rice is planted and produced according to relevant standard by adopting a traditional double-cropping rice mode; the fishery production is implemented in two stages, wherein the production of large-size fingerlings is mainly carried out in 3-5 months, and the production of commercial fishes is mainly carried out in 6-12 months; closely combining rice field management and water level depth change, scientifically controlling the movement of a culture object in and out of a rice field planting area by using a fish fence, initially stocking a fry, carrying out closed culture in a fishpond, and opening the pond-ditch fence to allow the fry to swim into a fish ditch for movement after the fry is placed in the fishpond for 1 week and is adaptive to the environment; after transplanting rice seedlings for 7 days and turning green, ditching, putting fish in a fence gate and culturing in a rice field are considered. The invention promotes the 'small and big improvement' of the rice field, the large-scale, mechanized and standardized production of agriculture from the technical requirement, is suitable for popularization and application of a force enterprise or an agricultural cooperative society, and is expected to form a new engine for changing the traditional production mode and promoting agriculture and income.

Description

Timely coupled production mode for rice and fish habitat

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a timely coupling production mode for a rice and fish habitat.

Background

The subtropical zone in Guangxi province belongs to the landform of a basin in a mountain land and a hilly land, has abundant heat, fertile soil, abundant rainfall, dense river network and lakes and convenient irrigation, has the rice planting area of about 149.86 ten thousand hectares in Guangxi over the years and provides abundant water resource environmental conditions for the development of comprehensive planting of rice and fisheries. However, because the rice planting income is low, the manpower and material resource investment is less, the income is lower, the investment is less, a vicious circle is formed, the enthusiasm of farmers for rice planting is greatly struck, and because of lack of labor force, more than 4000 hectares of abandoned rice fields in Guangxi 2012, partial areas are changed into single ones, and the farming is extensive.

In order to achieve the best effect of rice field resources of 'one field with multiple purposes, one water with multiple purposes and one season with multiple harvests' and improve the utilization efficiency of resources, the national ministry of agriculture actively promotes the establishment of comprehensive rice and fishing planting and breeding demonstration areas in recent years. Guangxi responds positively and develops rapidly. In 2017, the comprehensive planting and breeding area of Guangxi rice and fish reaches 100 ten thousand mu, the increase is 50% compared with the previous year, and the comprehensive planting and breeding mode of various rice and fish is actively explored. However, the method is slightly different from the traditional mode, the effect is not obvious, a reproducible and generalizable high-efficiency mode is lacked, the growth requirements of aquatic animals cannot be met due to the fact that the ecological environment of the rice field in the conventional mode is exposed in the implementation process, the traditional rice field fish culture and transformation mode and the modern mechanized farming are contradictory and sharp, the internal contradiction between the production period of the fishing rice, the management mode and the technical requirements is outstanding, the popularization and implementation willingness of enterprises or farmers is not strong, the comprehensive rice and fish culture technology popularization is trapped in a new bottleneck, and the dilemma is broken through in the research and development of a novel high-efficiency mode.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a timely coupling production mode of a rice and fish habitat, which solves the problems related to the background technology.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a timely coupling production mode of rice and fish habitat comprises the following contents:

the rice is planted and produced according to relevant standard by adopting a traditional double-cropping rice mode; the fishery production is implemented in two stages, wherein the production of large-size fingerlings is mainly carried out in 3-5 months, and the production of commercial fishes is mainly carried out in 6-12 months.

The area of the paddy field is 20 mu or more, water sources are sufficient, water quality is clear, no pollution is caused, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and a fishpond is excavated and constructed at the edge or the low-lying position of the paddy field according to specific parameters, and a semi-ring-shaped fish ditch for connecting the fishpond and the paddy field is connected to carry out technical transformation on the paddy field;

the specific parameters of the technical transformation of the rice field mean that when a single rice field is less than 20 mu, a fishpond is built according to the proportion of 7.5 percent of the rice field by combining small blocks and large blocks into more than 20 mu, the area of the fishpond is not less than 1.5 mu, and the depth of the fishpond is 1.5 meters; constructing a semi-annular fish ditch with the area of not less than 0.5 mu, the length of not less than 160 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 1.2 meters according to the proportion of 2.5 percent of the rice field; ridges are arranged on the inner sides of the fish ditches, and 1 gate (or fish fence) with the width of 2 meters is arranged on each ridge at intervals of 20-30 meters;

and secondly, putting the newly purchased fish fries in a fishpond for isolated cultivation, opening the fish fence in time to allow the fish to freely enter and exit the rice field and the fishpond when the water quality environment of the rice field is appropriate after the fries turn green, and performing rice and fish habitat coupled cultivation and cultivation.

And thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fries, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering the water inlet by a 60-mesh net for 0.8-1.0 m, and killing natural enemies by 1 of bleaching powder, quicklime or tea bran. The dosage of bleaching powder is 20 g/cubic meter, and the bleaching powder is uniformly sprayed in the whole pool after being mixed with water; the using amount of the quicklime is 60-75 kg/mu, and the quicklime is splashed into the whole pool when the quicklime is hot after being dissolved by water; the tea bran is used in an amount of 20-30 g/cubic meter, the tea bran is firstly smashed and soaked for 1-2 days, and then the tea bran and the residue are uniformly sprinkled with juice.

And fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, applying 150-200 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of fish, cultivating natural baits of the fries such as algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like, and cultivating the water color to be light green (green mung beans) with the transparency of 25-30 cm.

And fifthly, 1 day before the fry are put in the culture, a small amount of fry is used for water test observation for 24 hours, the water toxicity is confirmed to be completely disappeared, and the fry (shrimp) can be thrown in the water with safe water quality.

Sixthly, when the fry are put in the stocking, the stocking time and stocking density are well held.

Preferably, the stocking time means 3 months, the stocking can be carried out when the water temperature is stabilized above 20 ℃, and 9-10 am stocking in sunny days is preferably selected.

The stocking density refers to the stocking density of the offspring seeds which is determined by taking the fish carrying capacity of the high-yield intensive culture pond as a reference base number according to the areas of the fishpond and the fish ditches and combining with the characteristics of varieties, culture technologies and management levels.

The stocking density was performed with reference to table 1.

TABLE 1. stocking density of different species (20 mu/unit)

And seventhly, selecting special feed according to the growth cycle and the nutritional requirements of different breeding objects, and formulating a feeding scheme and feeding amount. Feeding 3-4 times a day in a fry stage, and feeding 1 time each at 8-9 am and 5-6 pm in an adult fish stage; the feeding should be positioned, timed and quantified, and flexibly adjusted according to the weather change and the food intake condition of the fish.

Eighthly, observing water quality factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency and the like every day, and starting up the machine to oxygenate and adjust the water quality when necessary; the water temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, pH value, ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen indexes are measured every week, and the water quality is in accordance with the appropriate range of the breeding species.

The indexes of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the like were performed according to table 2.

TABLE 2 Main Water quality index of several aquatic animals

And ninthly, closely combining the rice field management and the water level depth change, and scientifically controlling the movement of the breeding objects in and out of the rice field planting area by using the fish railing. The fry is initially put in a pond and is cultured in a closed way, after the fry is put in the pond for 1 week and is adapted to the environment, the pond-ditch barrier can be opened to allow the fry to swim into a fish ditch for movement; after transplanting for 7 days and turning green of the seedlings, ditching, putting fish in a fence gate and culturing in a rice field are considered; in the water-rich period (such as the ear-protecting period) of the rice field, the cultured fishes are guided to enter the rice field by reinforced bait so as to forage for the fishes more dynamically; guiding the fishes to return to fish ditches and fish ponds for inhabitation in time during the pesticide application and fertilizer application periods; the field-ditch isolation is carried out in the sunning field, the harvesting period of the rice or the alternate period of the double cropping rice, and the cultured fishes are prevented from entering the rice field.

Tenthly, culturing the fish fries into inch slices after about 1 month, and fishing, sieving and selling the fish fries; before operation, pulling the net to exercise for 1-2 times, and stopping eating for 1 day; a second-stage commercial fish culture plan is made at the end of 5 months every year, enough fish seeds are reserved, and the rest are all caught and sold; the reserved fish seeds are controlled to be cultivated in the pool and the ditch, and when the seedlings of the two-season rice turn green and grow and cultivated fish do not harm the seedlings, the gate is opened in time and the two-season rice is put into the rice field for cultivation. When the adult fish reaches the market specification, the adult fish should be timely caught and sold; and the product marketing plan is adjusted according to market demands and price change conditions, and whether to continue cultivation and market after winter season.

Eleven, performing patrol 1 time in the morning and at night by combining feeding management every day, wherein the patrol requires three lookings, namely, watching the day, watching the water and watching the fish; in rainy days, the oxygen increasing is mainly enhanced, and the feeding or stopping is reduced; the rainstorm pays attention to flood control, leakage detection and escape prevention; paying attention to observing the activity condition of the fishes, taking prevention and treatment measures when diseases are found, and fishing out the fishes died of the diseases in time for harmless treatment; weeds around the culture environment are removed in time, and fish harming such as snakes, rats, frogs, birds and the like are prevented and controlled.

Preferably, the rice should be a high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant rice variety; the varieties of the giant rice, the ratoon rice and the like can be selected according to production needs.

Preferably, the cultivation management of rice is performed according to the technical standards related to rice cultivation applicable to the Guangxi region.

Preferably, the rice should not endanger the safety of cultivated species during operations such as plowing, fertilizing, pesticide applying, field drying, harvesting, crop rotation and the like.

Preferably, fish, shrimps, turtles, soft-shelled turtles, snails and shells in the fishery industry can be cultivated, and the excellent germplasm, high value and marketability of the fishes and the secure source of the seedlings are required.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the common rice field culture mode, the invention has different transformation modes, small newly-increased transformation cost, no new increase of the proportion of the transformed field area to the rice field area, 10 times increase of the yield and the output value, and the income increasing effect realizes qualitative breakthrough and leap; the method breaks through the limitations of breeding variety, specification selection and stocking time, can breed from common to special variety, can breed at proper temperature, has economic benefit per mu new output value of breeding common species (tilapia) over 1 ten thousand yuan, and has profit rate of over 50 percent; the invention solves the limitation of inherent contradiction of planting and breeding periods and production modes, exerts the ecological mutual benefit and symbiosis of rice and fishery to the maximum extent through the scientific coupling of pond-ditch-field, and fully excavates the production income-increasing potential of the rice field on the premise of stabilizing the rice yield; the invention promotes the 'small and big improvement' of the rice field, the large-scale, mechanized and standardized production of agriculture from the technical requirement, is suitable for the popularization and the application of a powerful enterprise or an agricultural cooperative society, and is expected to form a new engine for changing the traditional production mode and promoting the agriculture and increasing the income.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following descriptions.

Example 1

The area of the paddy field is 20 mu or more, the water source of the paddy field is sufficient, the water quality is clear, no pollution is caused, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and a fishpond is excavated and constructed at the edge corner or the low-lying position of the paddy field according to specific parameters, and a semi-ring-shaped fish ditch for connecting the fishpond and the paddy field is connected, so that the technical transformation of the paddy field is carried out;

the specific parameters of the technical transformation of the rice field mean that when a single rice field is less than 20 mu, a fishpond is built according to the proportion of 7.5 percent of the rice field by combining small blocks and large blocks into more than 20 mu, the area of the fishpond is not less than 1.5 mu, and the depth of the fishpond is 1.5 meters; constructing a semi-annular fish ditch with the area of not less than 0.5 mu, the length of not less than 160 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 1.2 meters according to the proportion of 2.5 percent of the rice field; ridges are arranged on the inner sides of the fish ditches, and 1 gate (or fish fence) with the width of 2 meters is arranged on each ridge at intervals of 20-30 meters.

And thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fry, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering the water to be 0.8 m by using a 60-mesh net, and killing natural enemies by using bleaching powder. The dosage of the bleaching powder is 20 g/cubic meter, and the bleaching powder is uniformly sprinkled in the whole pool after being mixed with water.

And fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, applying 150kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of fish, cultivating natural baits of the fries such as algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like, and cultivating the water color to be light green (green mung beans) with the transparency of 25 cm.

The stocking density was performed with reference to table 1.

TABLE 1. stocking density of different species (20 mu/unit)

TABLE 2 Main Water quality index of several aquatic animals

Tenthly, culturing the fish fries into cun slices after about 1 month, and fishing, sieving and selling the fish fries. Before operation, pulling the net to exercise for 1-2 times, and stopping eating for 1 day; a second-stage commercial fish culture plan is made at the end of 5 months every year, enough fish seeds are reserved, and the rest are all caught and sold; the reserved fish seeds are controlled to be cultivated in the pool and the ditch, and when the seedlings of the two-season rice turn green and grow and cultivated fish do not harm the seedlings, the gate is opened in time and the two-season rice is put into the rice field for cultivation. When the adult fish reaches the market specification, the adult fish should be timely caught and sold; and the product marketing plan is adjusted according to market demands and price change conditions, and whether to continue cultivation and market after winter season.

Eleven, the morning and evening tour is managed by combining feeding every day for 1 time, and the tour requires three views, namely, the morning, the evening and the water and the fish. In rainy days, the oxygen increasing is mainly enhanced, and the feeding or stopping is reduced; the rainstorm pays attention to flood control, leakage detection and escape prevention; paying attention to observing the activity condition of the fishes, taking prevention and treatment measures when diseases are found, and fishing out the fishes died of the diseases in time for harmless treatment; weeds around the culture environment are removed in time, and fish harming such as snakes, rats, frogs, birds and the like are prevented and controlled.

Preferably, the fish species include tilapia, Oujiang color common carp, loach and pelteobagrus fulvidraco.

Example 2

And thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fries, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering the water inlet by a 60-mesh net for 1.0 m, and killing natural enemies by using quick lime. The dosage of the quicklime is 60-75 kg/mu, and the quicklime is splashed in the hot whole pool after being dissolved by adding water.

And fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, applying 150kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of fish, cultivating natural baits of the fries such as algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like, and cultivating the water color to be light green (green mung beans) with the transparency of 30 cm.

The stocking density was performed with reference to table 1.

TABLE 1. stocking density of different species (20 mu/unit)

TABLE 2 Main Water quality index of several aquatic animals

Example 3

And thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fries, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering the water to be 0.9 meter by using a 60-mesh net, and killing natural enemies by using tea bran. The tea bran is used in an amount of 20-30 g/cubic meter, the tea bran is firstly smashed and soaked for 1-2 days, and then the tea bran and the residue are uniformly sprinkled with juice.

And fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, 180kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of fish, natural baits of the fries such as algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like are cultivated, and the water color is cultivated to be light green (green mung beans), and the transparency is 25 cm.

The stocking density was performed with reference to table 1.

TABLE 1. stocking density of different species (20 mu/unit)

TABLE 2 Main Water quality index of several aquatic animals

Example 4

And thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fry, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering the water to be 1.0 meter by using a 60-mesh net, and killing natural enemies by using bleaching powder. The dosage of the bleaching powder is 20 g/cubic meter, and the bleaching powder is uniformly sprinkled in the whole pool after being mixed with water.

And fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, 200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of fish fries, natural baits of algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like are cultivated, and the water color is cultivated to be light green (green mung beans), and the transparency is 30 cm.

The stocking density was performed with reference to table 1.

TABLE 1. stocking density of different species (20 mu/unit)

TABLE 2 Main Water quality index of several aquatic animals

Example 5

The area of the paddy field is 20 mu or more, the water source of the paddy field is sufficient, the water quality is clear, no pollution is caused, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and the fishpond is excavated and constructed at the edge corner or the low-lying position of the paddy field according to specific parameters and the semi-ring-shaped fish ditch for connecting the fishpond and the paddy field is used for carrying out technical transformation on the paddy field;

And thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fries, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering the water to be 0.9 meter by using a 60-mesh net, and killing natural enemies by using quick lime. The dosage of the quicklime is 65 kg/mu, and the quicklime is sprinkled in the hot whole pool after being dissolved by adding water.

And fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, 180kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of fish, natural baits of the fries such as algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like are cultivated, and the water color is cultivated to be light green (green mung beans), and the transparency is 30 cm.

The stocking density was performed with reference to table 1.

TABLE 1. stocking density of different species (20 mu/unit)

TABLE 2 Main Water quality index of several aquatic animals

The invention provides a rice and fish habitat timely coupling production mode, which is implemented and then subjected to economic benefit analysis and benefit analysis:

first, economic benefit analysis

1. Product quantity analysis

TABLE 3 aquatic product quantity analysis table in timely coupled production mode of rice and fish habitat

As shown in Table 3, according to the rice and fish habitat timely coupled production mode, the tilapia is bred at the highest yield of 834kg per mu per year, and the loaches are bred at the lowest yield of 490kg per mu; the highest yield per mu is loach and pelteobagrus fulvidraco which are respectively 1.63 ten thousand yuan and 1.62 ten thousand yuan; the yield values of tilapia and Oujiang color common carp are close to each other and are respectively 1.10 ten thousand yuan and 1.34 ten thousand yuan; compared with the traditional paddy field cultivation method, the yield of several cultivated fishes is 50-60 kg per mu, the yield value is 700-800 yuan, and the yield value are improved by more than 10 times.

2. Analysis of investment

TABLE 4 timely coupled production mode investment analysis of rice and fish habitat (unit: 20 mu)

The first year of the mode is a construction and commissioning period, the construction period is 4 months, and if rice field transformation and facility installation construction are carried out by fully utilizing the season of idle winter fields, the operation and commissioning can be carried out in the current year. The investment per unit is 20.68 ten thousand yuan, which is reduced to 1.03 ten thousand yuan per mu; the main investment content and the amount are shown in a table 4; the investment of the fixed assets is 9.07 ten thousand yuan, the investment accounts for 43.9 percent, and the investment comprises rice field rent, field reconstruction projects, production equipment and the like, wherein the maximum specific gravity investment is 5 ten thousand yuan/unit and is converted into 2500 yuan/mu from the field reconstruction projects; the year is reduced by 10 years, which is equivalent to 250 yuan/mu.year; the investment of other facilities, equipment and appliances in each unit is 2.47 ten thousand yuan, which is reduced to 410 yuan/mu according to 3 years; the mobile capital is 11.6 ten thousand yuan, which accounts for 56.1 percent of the total investment, and the production and management expenses mainly comprise feed, offspring seeds, management and the like. Wherein the feed is tested on a 16.7 ton fish/unit yield scale of 5.6 ten thousand yuan, accounting for 48.3% of the total mobile capital.

3. Cost analysis

TABLE 5 timely coupled production model cost analysis of rice and fish habitat (Unit: 20 mu)

The analysis of table 5 shows that the operating cost of each unit of timely coupled production mode of the rice and fish habitat amounts to 14.52 ten thousand yuan. The fixed cost is 4.92 ten thousand yuan, which accounts for 33.87% of the total cost, and is 0.25 ten thousand yuan per mu; the fixed cost is mainly rice rent and management cost, and accounts for 73.2% of the total fixed cost. The variable cost (breeding operation cost) is 9.6 ten thousand yuan, which is mainly the feed expenditure, and the feed cost is 5.6 ten thousand yuan, accounts for 38.09% of the total cost and accounts for 58.33% of the variable cost according to the evaluation of breeding a large variety of tilapia. From cost structure and yield analysis, this model has little cost recovery pressure. The cost control is strictly managed from the main expenses such as feed, offspring seeds, management fees and the like, and the cost can be further reduced.

Second, benefit analysis

1. Yield benefit analysis

According to analysis of table 6, all investment costs can be recovered and profitability can be realized in the same year for each breeding variety; the yield of loaches, pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Oujiang color common carp and tilapia in each unit is more than that of loaches; the cost investment is the highest, the difference between loaches, Oujiang color common carps and tilapia is not great, and the relative high cost for culturing the pelteobagrus fulvidraco mainly comes from the feed cost. The highest gross benefit rate of the loaches reaches 97.3 percent; oujiang color common carp, 71.85%; the content of the yellow catfish and the tilapia is 58.3 percent and 51.9 percent respectively. According to the bait coefficient analysis, several breeding varieties are omnivorous fishes (pseudobagrus fulvidraco is meat-preferentially), the breeding bait coefficient in the rice field is lower, is within the range of 0.8-1.2, is 30% -45% lower than the bait coefficient in a pond breeding mode, and the feed saving effect is very obvious. Taking a large variety of tilapia as an example, the gross profit rate of pond culture is 30-35%, while the gross profit rate in a timely coupling production mode in a rice and fish habitat is as high as 51.93%, so that the culture economic benefit is greatly improved.

TABLE 6 Rice and Fish habitat coupling production mode in due time different varieties input-output table (20 mu/unit)

2. Profit and loss balance analysis

TABLE 7 analysis of balance between profit and loss in timely coupled production mode of rice and fish habitat

The profit-loss balance analysis is shown in table 7; according to common market price calculation, yield profit and loss balance points of each unit of four breeding species including tilapia, Oujiang color common carp, loach and pelteobagrus fulvidraco are respectively 6.59 tons, 4.54 tons, 2.29 tons and 3.69 tons, and the yields converted into per mu are respectively 329kg, 227kg, 114kg and 184 kg. According to the measurement and calculation of the preset yield scale, the minimum selling price profit-loss balance points of tilapia, Oujiang color common carp, loach and pelteobagrus fulvidraco are respectively 8.7 yuan, 10.5 yuan, 16.9 yuan and 16.2 yuan per kilogram. Therefore, the rice and fishing habitat timely coupled with the production mode has larger profit space and smaller technical risk and market risk.

Compared with the common rice field culture mode, the invention has different transformation modes, small newly-increased transformation cost, no new increase of the proportion of the transformed field area to the rice field area, 10 times increase of the yield and the output value, and the income increasing effect realizes qualitative breakthrough and leap; the method breaks through the limitations of breeding variety, specification selection and stocking time, can breed from common to special variety, can breed at proper temperature, has economic benefit per mu new output value of breeding common species (tilapia) over 1 ten thousand yuan, and has profit rate of over 50 percent; the invention solves the limitation of inherent contradiction of planting and breeding periods and production modes, exerts the ecological mutual benefit and symbiosis of rice and fishery to the maximum extent through the scientific coupling of pond-ditch-field, and fully excavates the production income-increasing potential of the rice field on the premise of stabilizing the rice yield; the invention promotes the 'small and big improvement' of the rice field, the large-scale, mechanized and standardized production of agriculture from the technical requirement, is suitable for the popularization and the application of a powerful enterprise or an agricultural cooperative society, and is expected to form a new engine for changing the traditional production mode and promoting the agriculture and increasing the income.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A timely coupling production mode for rice and fish habitats is characterized by comprising the following contents:

the method comprises the following steps of firstly, the area of a paddy field is 20 mu or more, the water source of the paddy field is sufficient, the water quality is clear, no pollution is caused, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, a fishpond is excavated and built at the edge corner or the low-lying position of the paddy field according to specific parameters, and semi-ring-shaped fish ditches for connecting the fishpond and the paddy field are connected, so that the technical transformation of the paddy field is carried out;

secondly, putting the newly purchased fish fries in a fishpond for isolated cultivation, opening a fish fence in time to allow the fish to freely enter and exit the rice field and the fishpond when the water quality environment of the rice field is proper after the fries turn green, and performing rice and fish habitat coupled cultivation and cultivation;

thirdly, sterilizing the fish pond 8 days before stocking the fish fries, closing a gate of the fish pond, filtering water with a 60-mesh net for 0.8-1.0 m, and killing natural enemies with 1 of bleaching powder, quicklime or tea bran;

fourthly, on the third day after the fishpond is disinfected, 150-200 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of fish, natural baits of the fries such as algae, rotifers, cladocera and the like are cultivated, the water color is cultivated to be light green, and the transparency is 25-30 cm;

fifthly, 1 day before fry stocking, observing for 24 hours by using a small amount of fry water test, confirming that the water toxicity is completely disappeared, and putting the fry in a water safe way;

sixthly, when the fry are put in the stocking, the stocking time and stocking density are well held;

selecting special feed according to the growth cycle and nutritional requirements of different breeding objects, and formulating a feeding scheme and feeding amount; feeding 3-4 times a day in a fry stage, and feeding 1 time each at 8-9 am and 5-6 pm in an adult fish stage; feeding should be positioned, timed and quantified, and flexibly adjusted according to weather changes and the food intake condition of the fish;

eighthly, observing water quality factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency and the like every day, and starting up the machine to oxygenate and adjust the water quality when necessary; measuring the indexes of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, transparency, pH value, ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen every week, wherein the water quality is in accordance with the appropriate range of the breeding species;

closely combining the rice field management and the water level depth change, and scientifically controlling the movement of the breeding objects in and out of the rice field planting area by using the fish-farming fence; the fry is initially put in a pond and is cultured in a closed way, after the fry is put in the pond for 1 week and is adapted to the environment, the pond-ditch barrier can be opened to allow the fry to swim into a fish ditch for movement; after transplanting for 7 days and turning green of the seedlings, ditching, putting fish in a fence gate and culturing in a rice field are considered; in the water-rich period (such as the ear-protecting period) of the rice field, the cultured fishes are guided to enter the rice field by reinforced bait so as to forage for the fishes more dynamically; guiding the fishes to return to fish ditches and fish ponds for inhabitation in time during the pesticide application and fertilizer application periods; performing field-ditch isolation in the fields of sunning, rice harvesting or double-cropping rice alternating periods to prevent cultured fishes from entering a rice field;

tenthly, culturing the fish fries into inch slices after about 1 month, and fishing, sieving and selling the fish fries; before operation, pulling the net to exercise for 1-2 times, and stopping eating for 1 day; a second-stage commercial fish culture plan is made at the end of 5 months every year, enough fish seeds are reserved, and the rest are all caught and sold; controlling the reserved fish seeds to be cultured in a pond and a ditch, and opening a gate in time to put the two-season rice into the rice field for culturing when the seedlings of the two-season rice turn green and long and cultured fish do not harm the seedlings; when the adult fish reaches the market specification, the adult fish should be timely caught and sold; the product marketing plan is adjusted according to market demands and price change conditions, and whether the cultivation is continued during the idle winter field or not and whether the products are marketed after the winter season is over the peak are determined;

2. The rice and fish habitat timely coupled production mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific parameters of technical transformation of the rice field mean that when a single rice field is less than 20 mu, the rice field is combined into more than 20 mu by small transformation, and a fish pond is built according to the proportion of 7.5% of the rice field, the area of the fish pond is not less than 1.5 mu, and the depth of the fish pond is 1.5 m; constructing a semi-annular fish ditch with the area of not less than 0.5 mu, the length of not less than 160 meters, the width of 2 meters and the depth of 1.2 meters according to the proportion of 2.5 percent of the rice field; ridges are arranged on the inner sides of the fish ditches, and 1 gate (or fish fence) with the width of 2 meters is arranged on each ridge at intervals of 20-30 meters.

3. The timely coupled production mode of rice and fish habitat according to claim 1, wherein the amount of bleaching powder is 20 g/cubic meter, and the bleaching powder is uniformly sprayed in the whole pool after being mixed with water; the using amount of the quicklime is 60-75 kg/mu, and the quicklime is splashed into the whole pool when the quicklime is hot after being dissolved by water; the tea bran is used in an amount of 20-30 g/cubic meter, the tea bran is firstly smashed and soaked for 1-2 days, and then the tea bran and the residue are uniformly sprinkled with juice.

4. The timely coupled production mode of rice and fishery habitat according to claim 1, wherein the rice is planted and produced according to relevant standard standards by adopting a traditional double cropping rice mode; the fishery production is implemented in two stages, wherein the production of large-size fingerlings is mainly carried out in 3-5 months, and the production of commercial fishes is mainly carried out in 6-12 months.

5. The timely coupled production mode of rice and fishery habitat according to claim 1, wherein the stocking time means 3 months, the stocking can be performed when the water temperature is stable at more than 20 ℃, and the stocking is performed at 9-10 am on a sunny day.

6. The timely coupled production mode of rice and fishery habitat according to claim 1, wherein the stocking density refers to the stocking density of seedlings determined by taking the fish carrying amount of the high-yield intensive pond as a reference base according to the areas of the fishponds and the ditches and combining variety characteristics, cultivation techniques and management levels.

7. The timely coupled production mode of the rice and fish habitat as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rice should be a high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant rice variety; the varieties of the giant rice, the ratoon rice and the like can be selected according to production needs.

8. The timely coupled production mode of rice and fishery habitat according to claim 4, wherein the cultivation management of rice is performed according to the technical standard related to rice cultivation applicable to Guangxi region.

9. The timely coupled production mode of the rice and fish habitat as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rice should not endanger the cultivation species safety in plowing, fertilizing, applying pesticide, drying in the sun, harvesting, crop rotation and other operations.

10. The timely coupled production mode of rice and fish habitat according to claim 4, characterized in that fish, shrimp, tortoise, soft-shelled turtle, snail and shellfish can be cultivated in fishery, and the excellent quality, high value and marketability and the source of offspring seeds are guaranteed.