CN111892409A - 六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111892409A
CN111892409A CN202010681288.9A CN202010681288A CN111892409A CN 111892409 A CN111892409 A CN 111892409A CN 202010681288 A CN202010681288 A CN 202010681288A CN 111892409 A CN111892409 A CN 111892409A
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hollow
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hexaluminate
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CN111892409B (zh
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余俊
李晶杨
赵惠忠
张寒
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
Wuhan University of Science and Technology WHUST
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Abstract

本发明属于涉及一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。其技术方案是:以55~65wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、15~20wt%的氧化铝微粉、10~20wt%的钙源和5~15wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料1~5wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混10~15min,再外加所述原料5~10wt%的有机结合剂,球磨20~25min,机压成型;然后在100~110℃条件下干燥12~24h,在1450℃~1650℃条件下保温2~3h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。本发明具有成本低廉和和工艺简单的特点,所制备的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料热导率低、抗折耐压强度较大、热膨胀系数较低和热震稳定性优良。

Description

六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于铝钙质复相耐火材料技术领域。具体涉及一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
铝钙质复相耐火材料中六铝酸钙(CaO·6Al2O3)是近年发展的一种新型耐火材料,其熔点高于1875℃,理论密度为3.79g/cm3,具有一系列优良的性能,其各种复相材料已经成功应用于炼钢和陶瓷工业窑炉。目前对于铝钙质复相材料的制备中六铝酸钙相主要由纯钙源和铝源反应生成,如“一种致密高纯六铝酸钙-刚玉复相材料的制备方法(201810485450.2)”、“二步法低温制备轻质六铝酸钙-镁铝尖晶石复相耐火材料的方法(201410320989.4)”和“一种锆酸钙·六铝酸钙复合多孔陶瓷及制备方法(201910736877.X)”,由于这些方法所需原料种类多,不仅会增加引入杂质的风险,且工艺复杂、成本高。
以钛铝酸钙(又称钛铁渣)和氧化铝为原料制备的六铝酸钙-刚玉陶瓷复合材料具有理想的比热容和导热系数,但是六铝酸钙的分层解理限制了进一步提高复合材料的抗热震性能(Jianfeng Wu,Chen Zhang,et al.Preparation and characterization ofalumina/calcium-hexaluminate ceramic composites from ferrotitanium slag[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2020,40(12):4265~4275.)。
利用原位反应生成的六铝酸钙晶须能提高复合材料的高温力学强度和抗热震稳定性,如“一种六铝酸钙晶须增强钙铝质耐火材料(201910704994.8)”,但是使得六铝酸钙材料特有的低热导性能下降。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,目的在于提供一种成本低廉和和工艺简单的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,用该方法制备的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的热导率低、抗折耐压强度较大、热膨胀系数较低和热震稳定性优良。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:以55~65wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、15~20wt%的氧化铝微粉、10~20wt%的钙源和5~15wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料1~5wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混10~15min,再外加所述原料5~10wt%的有机结合剂,球磨20~25min,机压成型;然后在100~110℃条件下干燥12~24h,在1450℃~1650℃条件下保温2~3h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
所述钛铝酸钙颗粒的化学成分是:Al2O3≥74.18wt%,CaO≥11.69wt%,TiO2≥11.08wt%;所述钛铝酸钙颗粒的密度为3.28g/cm3,钛铝酸钙颗粒的粒度≤3mm。
所述氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥97.69wt%;氧化铝微粉的粒度≤0.058mm。
所述钙源为氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙中的一种以上。
所述氟化铝细粉的AlF3含量≥99.9wt%;AlF3细粉的粒度≤0.075mm。
所述有机结合剂为磷酸二氢钠、聚乙烯醇和乙醇中的一种。
所述机压成型的压强为50~55MPa。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明以钛铝酸钙颗粒、氧化铝微粉、钙源和淀粉为原料,外加氟化铝细粉,经过干混和湿混,机压成型,干燥,烧成,工艺简单;所采用的原料钛铁渣主晶相为钛铝酸钙、六铝酸钙等,来源丰富,成本低廉,能显著地降低六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备成本。
2、本发明利用钛铝酸钙原料的优良特性,如高的熔点、高的耐火度、较低的热膨胀系数和优良的抗热震性能,显著提高了六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的热震稳定性。
2、本发明利用原位生成的六铝酸钙中空晶须,使制品产生良好的韧性,提高了六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的抗折耐压强度。
3、本发明利用钛铝酸钙的多相性,如钛铝酸钙中片状晶形的六铝酸钙具有极低的导热系数,原位生成的中空的六铝酸钙晶须作为嵌入相具有隔热效果,提高了六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的隔热性能。
因此,本发明具有成本低廉和和工艺简单的特点,所制备的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料热导率低、抗折耐压强度较大、热膨胀系数较低和热震稳定性优良。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复,现将本具体实施方式所涉及的物料统一描述如下,实施例中不再赘述:
所述钛铝酸钙颗粒的化学成分是:Al2O3≥74.18wt%,CaO≥11.69wt%,TiO2≥11.08wt%;所述钛铝酸钙颗粒的密度为3.28g/cm3,钛铝酸钙颗粒的粒度≤3mm。
所述氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥97.69wt%;氧化铝微粉的粒度≤0.058mm。
所述氟化铝细粉的AlF3含量≥99.9wt%;AlF3细粉的粒度≤0.075mm。
实施例1
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以55wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、15wt%的氧化铝微粉、15wt%的钙源和15wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料2wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混10min,再外加所述原料5wt%的有机结合剂,球磨20min,机压成型;然后在100℃条件下干燥20h,在1450℃条件下保温2h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
所述钙源为氧化钙。
所述有机结合剂为磷酸二氢钠。
所述机压成型的压强为50MPa。
实施例2
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以60wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、20wt%的氧化铝微粉、10wt%的钙源和10wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料3wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混11min,再外加所述原料6wt%的有机结合剂,球磨22min,机压成型;然后在105℃条件下干燥16h,在1550℃条件下保温2h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
所述钙源为氢氧化钙。
所述有机结合剂为聚乙烯醇。
所述机压成型的压强为52MPa。
实施例3
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以60wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、15wt%的氧化铝微粉、20wt%的钙源和5wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料5wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混13min,再外加所述原料8wt%的有机结合剂,球磨23min,机压成型;然后在110℃条件下干燥24h,在1650℃条件下保温3h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
所述钙源为碳酸钙。
所述有机结合剂为乙醇。
所述机压成型的压强为53MPa。
实施例4
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以65wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、15wt%的氧化铝微粉、15wt%的钙源和5wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料1wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混15min,再外加所述原料10wt%的有机结合剂,球磨25min,机压成型;然后在110℃条件下干燥12h,在1600℃条件下保温3h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
所述钙源为氧化和氢氧化钙的混合物。
所述有机结合剂为磷酸二氢钠。
所述机压成型的压强为55MPa。
实施例5
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。除下述技术参数外,其余同实施例1:
所述钙源为氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
所述有机结合剂为聚乙烯醇。
实施例6
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。除下述技术参数外,其余同实施例2:
所述钙源为氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
所述有机结合剂为乙醇。
实施例7
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。除下述技术参数外,其余同实施例3:
所述钙源为氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙的混合物。
所述有机结合剂为磷酸二氢钠。
实施例8
一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料及其制备方法。除下述技术参数外,其余同实施例4:
所述钙源为碳酸钙。
所述有机结合剂为聚乙烯醇。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本具体实施方式以钛铝酸钙颗粒、氧化铝微粉、钙源和淀粉为原料,外加氟化铝细粉,经过干混和湿混,机压成型,干燥,烧成,工艺简单;所采用的原料钛铁渣主晶相为钛铝酸钙、六铝酸钙等,来源丰富,成本低廉,能显著地降低六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备成本。
2、本具体实施方式利用钛铝酸钙原料的优良特性,如高的熔点、高的耐火度、较低的热膨胀系数和优良的抗热震性能,显著提高了六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的热震稳定性。
2、本具体实施方式利用原位生成的六铝酸钙中空晶须,使制品产生良好的韧性,提高了六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的抗折耐压强度。
3、本具体实施方式利用钛铝酸钙的多相性,如钛铝酸钙中片状晶形的六铝酸钙具有极低的导热系数,原位生成的中空的六铝酸钙晶须作为嵌入相具有隔热效果,提高了六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的隔热性能。
因此,本具体实施方式具有成本低廉和和工艺简单的特点,所制备的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料热导率低、抗折耐压强度较大、热膨胀系数较低和热震稳定性优良。

Claims (8)

1.一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于:以55~65wt%的钛铝酸钙颗粒、15~20wt%的氧化铝微粉、10~20wt%的钙源和5~15wt%的淀粉为原料,外加所述原料1~5wt%的氟化铝细粉,混合,得混合料;将所述混合料在球磨机中干混10~15min,再外加所述原料5~10wt%的有机结合剂,球磨20~25min,机压成型;然后在100~110℃条件下干燥12~24,在1450℃~1650℃条件下保温2~3h,制得六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述钛铝酸钙颗粒的化学成分是:Al2O3≥74.18wt%,CaO≥11.69wt%,TiO2≥11.08wt%;所述钛铝酸钙颗粒的密度为3.28g/cm3,钛铝酸钙颗粒的粒度≤3mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述氧化铝微粉的Al2O3含量≥97.69wt%;氧化铝微粉的粒度≤0.058mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述钙源为氧化钙、氢氧化钙和碳酸钙中的一种以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述氟化铝细粉的AlF3含量≥99.9wt%;AlF3细粉的粒度≤0.075mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述有机结合剂为磷酸二氢钠、聚乙烯醇和乙醇中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述机压成型的压强为50~55MPa。
8.一种六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料,其特征在于所述六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料是根据权利要求1~7项中任一项所述的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料的制备方法所制备的六铝酸钙中空晶须增强铝钙质复相耐火材料。
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