CN111876140A - 双响应自降解暂堵剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种双响应自降解暂堵剂及其制备方法,该双响应自降解暂堵剂通过采用具有温敏降解特性的交联单体、具有酸溶解特性的无机材料与第一单体、分散剂、引发剂以及水复配后经聚合反应制备而成,具有温度和pH双重响应的降解特性,同时具有高的封堵强度。使用本发明暂堵剂时,暂堵剂在注入水的携带下进入地层,优先进入并封堵高渗层,当温度达到自降解交联单体的分解温度,暂堵剂会发生降解,封堵作用减弱,在后续酸液作用下,暂堵剂会一步会溶解失效,可以降解完全并溶解于油或水中,有效降低对储层的伤害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双响应自降解暂堵剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在钻井采油过程中,酸化工艺常采用笼统注酸的方式,施工时大量酸液 会进入大孔道、裂缝等高渗透层导致其过度酸化及酸液指进问题,较少酸液 进入需要酸化的低渗透层,使得低渗透层难以得到改造。为此,现场施工通 常在注酸液前先向地层注暂堵剂,暂堵剂到达储层后会优先进入高渗透层, 并对其进行封堵,提高注入压力,迫使后续注入的酸液转流向中低渗透层, 达到均匀酸化的目的。酸化施工结束后,暂堵剂需要能迅速降解,不会污染 储层。
目前,国内外广泛使用的暂堵剂采用能够快速形成“滤网结构”的颗粒类 材料和纤维类材料,但是纤维类暂堵剂容易聚集成团导,致管道堵塞,且其 强度较低,易飘散造成施工不便。颗粒暂堵剂自身具有高的强度,但难以形 成高强度的滤饼,封堵强度较低。另外,采用纤维与颗粒复合体系的暂堵剂 虽然集合了两者的优点,但后续解堵工艺复杂,材料降解不彻底,容易形成 残渣,对储层伤害较大。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种新型双响应自降解暂堵剂及其制备方法,该双 响应自降解暂堵剂在暂堵酸化施工中能够满足高强度封堵,在施工结束后还 可以降解完全并溶解于油或水中,降低对储层的伤害,提高暂堵酸化改造效 果。
本发明提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,主要由如下重量份的各原料经聚 合反应制备而成:单体10~35份、增强剂0.8~7份、分散剂0.1~0.8份、引 发剂0.01~0.2份以及水60-90份;其中,所述单体包括第一单体和第二单体, 所述第一单体选自丙烯类单体、苯乙烯类单体、衣康酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐 中的至少一种;所述第二单体为温敏降解交联单体,选自二甲基丙烯酸-1,4- 丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;所 述增强剂为酸敏性无机材料。
本发明还提供一种上述双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法,包括如下步 骤:按照上述所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂的组成称量各原料;分别将第一单 体、第二单体、分散剂、增强剂和引发剂溶于水中,在30~70℃条件下聚合 反应1~3h,得胶状产物;将所述胶状产物烘干、粉碎,即得。
本发明还提供另一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,主要由如下重量份的各原料 经聚合反应制备而成:单体12~32份、增强剂1~5份、分散剂0.1~0.6份、 引发剂0.07~0.12份、疏水性纳米粉体2-10份以及水60~90份;其中,所述 单体包括第一单体和第二单体,所述第一单体选自丙烯类单体、苯乙烯类单 体、衣康酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐中的至少一种;所述第二单体为温敏降解单 体,选自二甲基丙烯酸-1,4-丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、聚乙二醇双 丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;所述增强剂为酸敏性无机材料。
本发明还提供上述双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:按 照上述的双响应自降解暂堵剂的组成称量各原料;分别将第一单体、第二单 体、分散剂、增强剂、疏水性纳米粉体和引发剂溶于水中,采用 3000~20000r/min转速搅拌0.5~5min,形成干态混合物,即得。采用“固包液” 微反应器法直接聚合形成的粉态双响应自降解暂堵剂,工艺简单,节约成本。
在其中一些实施例中,所述疏水性纳米粉体选自疏水纳米SiO2,疏水纳 米TiO2,及其他疏水性纳米粉体中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述第一单体选自丙烯酰胺、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺 基-丙磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、对苯乙 烯磺酸钠、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、衣康酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐中的至少一 种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述分散剂选自聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、部分水 解聚丙烯酰胺、抗盐聚丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述增强剂选自可溶性淀粉、纳米碳酸钙、壳聚 糖、硬脂酸钙中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯选自聚乙二醇200二丙 烯酸酯、聚乙二醇400二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇600二丙烯酸酯中的至少一种。
在其中一些实施例中,所述引发剂选自过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、硫代硫酸 钠、亚硫酸氢钠、偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐中的至少一种。
本发明的有益效果是:
与现有采用颗粒类材料、纤维类材料制成的暂堵剂相比,本发明双响应 自降解暂堵剂通过采用具有温敏降解特性的交联单体、具有酸溶解特性的无 机材料与第一单体、分散剂、引发剂以及水复配后经聚合反应制备而成,具 有温度和pH双重响应的降解特性,同时具有高的封堵强度。此外,本发明 暂堵剂的降解时间可通过调节自降解交联单体、增强剂等的种类和含量进行 调节。本发明双响应自降解暂堵剂可适用于钻井中的暂堵屏蔽、暂堵酸化、 暂堵酸压、暂堵重复压裂等领域。
使用本发明暂堵剂时,暂堵剂在注入水的携带下进入地层,优先进入并 封堵高渗层,当温度达到自降解交联单体的分解温度,暂堵剂会发生降解, 封堵作用减弱甚至消失,而增强剂为酸敏性无机材料,在后续酸液作用下, 采用酸敏性无机材料的增强剂会发生溶解失效,以此来实现暂堵作用,且在 施工结束后还可以降解完全并溶解于油或水中,有效降低对储层的伤害。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的双响应自降解暂堵剂的显微图。
图2为实施例4制备的双响应自降解暂堵剂的粒径测试图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本 发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技 术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。
原料来源
聚乙二醇200双丙烯酸酯,聚乙二醇600双丙烯酸酯均购自上海凯茵化 工有限公司,理化参数:平均分子量400~800。
抗盐聚丙烯酰胺购自北京恒聚,理化参数:分子量2500万,水解度30%。
二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,购自济南金日和化工有限公司。
二甲基丙烯酸-1,4-丁二醇酯,购自抚顺安信化学有限公司,含量99.0%。
聚丙烯酰胺,阿拉丁试剂,理化参数:分子量1500万,水解度<1%。
二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯,购自济南金日和化工有限公司。
聚乙烯醇2488,购自河南铭城化工产品有限公司,分子量 101200-110000。
抗盐聚丙烯酰胺KYPAM,购自北京恒聚,理化参数:分子量1900-2200 万,水解度25-30%。
疏水SiO2-GW100,购自江西辉明化工,理化参数:比表面积207m2/g。
疏水TiO2,购自宣城晶瑞新材料有限公司,平均粒径30nm。
疏水SiO2-D10,购自赢创德固赛,理化参数:比表面积90m2/g。
其余试剂均为常规市售。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其原料组成如下表1所示:
表1 实施例1双响应自降解暂堵剂的原料组成
本实施例的双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1,按照表1组成称量各原料。
S2,分别将单体、分散剂、增强剂和引发剂加入到水中,在35℃水浴 中进行聚合反应2h,形成冻胶状产物,剪碎,置于烘箱中于50℃条件下烘 干,粉碎,即得粉状暂堵剂成品。其微观形貌如图1所示,在微观状态下为 不规则的固体颗粒,颗粒大小不均匀,最大的颗粒约70-80μm左右,最小的 粒径约20~30μm左右,平均粒径大小为60μm左右。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其原料组成如下表2所示:
表2 实施例2双响应自降解暂堵剂的原料组成
本实施例双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其原料组成如下表3所示:
表3 实施例3双响应自降解暂堵剂的原料组成
本实施例双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
实施例4
本实施例提供提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其原料组成如下表4所示:
表4 实施例4双响应自降解暂堵剂的原料组成
本实施例的双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1,按照表4组成称量各原料。
S2,分别将单体、分散剂、增强剂、疏水性纳米粉体和引发剂加入到水 中,采用10000r/min搅拌100s,再置于35℃水浴中聚合反应2.5h,即得粉 状暂堵剂成品。其粒径分布如图2所示,平均粒径大小为20.6μm。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其原料组成如下表5所示:
表5 实施例5双响应自降解暂堵剂的原料组成
本实施例双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法与实施例4基本相同。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其原料组成如下表6所示:
表6 实施例6双响应自降解暂堵剂的原料组成
本实施例双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法与实施例4基本相同。
性能测试
(1)酸中的降解性能
分别对实施例1至3的暂堵剂0.5g置于15%HCl中进行降解性能测试, 观察其在60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、120℃温度下的降解情况。
分别将实施例4至6的暂堵剂0.5g置于12%HCl+3%HF混合酸液中进 行降解实验,观察其在60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃温度下的降解情况。在不 同温度条件下完全降解所需的时间统计如下表7所示:
表7 酸性降解试验结果统计表
由表7可以看出,无论在HCl中还是12%HCl+3%HF混合酸中,实施 例1-6暂堵剂均可降解,且温度越高,降解时间越快。
(2)封堵性能测试
采用单管岩心物理模型实验,考察实施例1-6暂堵剂对尺寸为0.5mm的 裂缝岩心的封堵性能及伤害性能。
具体方法如下:(1)裂缝岩心低温烘干,测量岩心的直径、长度、干 重及岩心的裂缝宽度;(2)将岩心装入岩心夹持器中,平流泵以一定的流 速注入地层水,直到压力稳定,记录流量和压力计算渗透率K1;(3)向岩 心中注入暂堵剂0.4PV,60℃老化3天,水驱,直到压力稳定,记录流量和 压力,计算渗透率K2;封堵率η=(K1-K2)/K1×100%,结果见表8:
表8 封堵效果测试统计表
由表8可以看出,实施例1-6暂堵剂对裂缝岩心的封堵率可达70%以上,且 实施例6达到了90%以上,可见暂堵剂具有较好的封堵能力。
(3)伤害性能测试
伤害性能测试方法与封堵性能测试方法类似,仅将步骤(2)中的水驱 改为注酸(15%HCl),之后进行水驱,测试渗透率K3。
计算:伤害率R=(K1-K3)/K1×100%,统计结果见下表9:
表9 岩心伤害测试统计表
由表9可以看出,实施例1-6暂堵剂对裂缝岩心的伤害率均在10%以下, 最小伤害率仅为4.6%,可见暂堵剂通过自降解对岩心的伤害性较小。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上 述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技 术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发 明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,主要由如下重量份的各原料经聚合反应制备而成:单体10~35份、增强剂0.8~7份、分散剂0.1~0.8份、引发剂0.01~0.2份以及水60~90份;
其中,所述单体包括第一单体和第二单体,所述第一单体选自丙烯类单体、苯乙烯类单体、衣康酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐中的至少一种;所述第二单体为温敏降解交联单体,选自二甲基丙烯酸-1,4-丁二醇酯、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯和聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯中的至少一种;所述增强剂为酸敏性无机材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,主要由如下重量份的各原料经聚合反应制备而成:单体12~32份、增强剂1~5份、分散剂0.1~0.6份、引发剂0.07~0.12份、疏水性纳米粉体2-10份以及水60-90份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,所述疏水性纳米粉体选自疏水纳米SiO2、疏水纳米TiO2中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,所述第一单体选自丙烯酰胺、2-甲基-2-丙烯酰胺基-丙磺酸、甲基烯丙基磺酸钠、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、对苯乙烯磺酸钠、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、衣康酸、丙烯酸、马来酸酐中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,所述分散剂选自聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酰胺、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺、抗盐聚丙烯酰胺KYPAM中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,所述增强剂选自可溶性淀粉、纳米碳酸钙、壳聚糖、硬脂酸钙中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂,其特征在于,所述引发剂选自过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐中的至少一种。
8.一种双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
按照权利要求1所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂的组成称量各原料;
分别将第一单体、第二单体、分散剂、增强剂和引发剂溶于水中,在30~60℃条件下聚合反应1~3h,得胶状产物;
将所述胶状产物烘干、粉碎,即得。
9.一种双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
按照权利要求2所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂的组成称量各原料;
分别将第一单体、第二单体、分散剂、增强剂、疏水性纳米粉体和引发剂溶于水中,搅拌,形成干态混合物;
将所述干态混合物置于30-60℃条件下聚合反应形成干粉状微球,即得。
10.根据权利要求9所述的双响应自降解暂堵剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述搅拌的工艺参数为:搅拌速度3000~20000r/min,搅拌时间为0.5~5min。
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