CN111875424A - Method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111875424A CN111875424A CN202010801485.XA CN202010801485A CN111875424A CN 111875424 A CN111875424 A CN 111875424A CN 202010801485 A CN202010801485 A CN 202010801485A CN 111875424 A CN111875424 A CN 111875424A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) crushing garden waste serving as a raw material to obtain a fermented material; (2) mixing the fermented material with a dilute acid solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain an acidolysis material; (3) adding compound cellulase into the acidolysis material obtained in the step (2), and reacting to obtain a pretreated material; (4) putting the pretreated material in the step (3) into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain the organic fertilizer; the invention makes full use of garden plant waste and high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology of the fermentation tank to convert the waste into a reusable biological resource; before fermentation, the fermentation material is hydrolyzed and enzymatically hydrolyzed, so that the hydrolysis efficiency of the cellulase is improved; and meanwhile, the sodium dodecyl sulfate is added, so that the activity of the cellulase is further improved, the subsequent fermentation process can be completed in at least 8 days, the fermentation period is greatly shortened, and the produced organic fertilizer has high organic matter content and wide application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass resource development and utilization, in particular to a method for quickly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer.
Background
A lot of garden greenbelts and various manually planted orchards are visible everywhere in cities and the peripheries of the cities, a large amount of waste branches are generated in the process of trimming and maintaining the garden greenbelts and the orchards, and a common treatment mode is landfill or incineration, so that the environment is polluted and resources are wasted.
The organic fertilizer fermented from the wood chips not only contains rich organic matters and various nutrient elements required by plants, but also is a very good soil improvement and soil fertility improving agent, has good effects of improving the soil structure, improving the soil nutrient capacity, enhancing the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, adjusting the soil pH value, promoting the activity of soil microorganisms, improving the soil nutrient effectiveness and the like, and is a good helper for the development of the standardized agricultural industry in the current era.
The prior art has two types: one is compost fermentation, and the other is fermenter fermentation. The compost fermentation method is characterized in that waste wood chips, livestock and poultry manure, bran or rice hulls, microbial inoculum, water and the like are mixed together according to a certain proportion and then subjected to compost fermentation, the fermentation period of the technology is long, and the fermentation can be completed within 2-3 months generally; and the auxiliary materials required to be added are more, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale branch treatment. The fermentation method of the fermentation tank is also that wood chips, livestock and poultry manure, bran or rice hulls, microbial inoculum, water and the like are mixed together according to a certain proportion and then placed in the fermentation tank for fermentation, and the fermentation generally needs 1-2 months to be completely done; the whole fermentation process goes through the following four stages: heating stage, high temperature stage, cooling stage, decomposing and fertilizer preserving stage; therefore, even under the premise that conditions such as temperature, humidity, moisture, microorganisms and the like are well controlled, the fermentation time is still 45-60 days before the fermentation is complete. Lignocellulose mainly comprises three polymers, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the structure is compact, common compost fermentation is directly adopted, the fermentation is usually completed within 2-3 months, the fermentation time is long, the treatment speed of garden waste is severely limited, and the rapid promotion of waste recycling is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking garden waste generated in the maintenance and planting processes as a raw material, firstly exposing the garden waste for 1-2 days, and then cutting and crushing the exposed raw material to obtain a fermented material with the size not exceeding 15mm, wherein the garden waste is one or more of gardens, orchards, lawns and green belt trimmings;
(2) carrying out aqueous phase depolymerization on the fermented material obtained in the step (1) and a dilute acid solution according to a mass ratio of 1:9.6-12.8, wherein the reaction temperature is 100-;
(3) dispersing the acidolysis material obtained in the step (2) in a mixed solution of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid, adding composite cellulase, reacting for 12-30h at 40-60 ℃ under the ultrasonic-assisted condition, and filtering to obtain a pretreated material; wherein the addition amount of the composite cellulase is 2-8 FPU/g;
(4) putting the pretreated material in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, adding urea into the fermentation tank, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 22-28:1, fully mixing, adding water until the water content is 55-65%, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the fermentation tank according to the inoculation amount, wherein the addition amount of the strain is 0.2-0.6kg/m 3; performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation on the mixture, simultaneously providing aeration, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 50-70 ℃, maintaining for 3-5 days, and keeping the water content at 35-45%; adding calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, continuing to ferment, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 40-90 ℃, and fermenting for 6-10 days; and (3) reducing the temperature of the mixture from 40 ℃ until the temperature is reduced to room temperature, lasting for 2-3 days, and reducing the water content to below 30% to finish the fermentation process to obtain the organic fertilizer.
The dilute acid solution is dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 2-4 wt%.
The composite cellulase is a mixture of beta-glucosidase and cellulase.
The fermentation microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum containing bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas fluorescens, and the effective viable count is 100-300 hundred million cfu/g.
The auxiliary ultrasonic wave is applied intermittently, the working time of each time is 0-10s, and the interval time is 15-20 min; the working frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30-50KHz, and the power is 30-80W.
The mass ratio of the acidolysis material to the mixed solution of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and the sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid is 1: 6.5 to 12.8, and the concentration of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is 0.02 to 0.06 mol/L.
Has the advantages that:
the invention makes full use of garden plant waste and high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology of the fermentation tank, converts the waste into biomass resources which can be reused, not only can realize resource utilization of garden waste, but also has good environmental and social benefits; before fermentation, acidolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis are carried out on the fermentation material, hemicellulose in cellulose is removed, the specific surface area and the pore diameter of the fermentation material are increased, and the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis peels off the winding between lignin and the cellulose, so that the hydrolysis efficiency of the cellulase is improved; meanwhile, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) is added, so that the activity of the cellulase is further improved, the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction is promoted to be carried out, the subsequent fermentation process is completed in at least 8 days, the fermentation period is greatly shortened, and the produced organic fertilizer has high total nutrient and wide application value.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of enhancing understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking garden waste generated in the maintenance and planting processes as a raw material, firstly exposing the garden waste for 1-2 days, and then cutting and crushing the exposed raw material to obtain a fermented material with the size not exceeding 15mm, wherein the garden waste is one or more of gardens, orchards, lawns and green belt trimmings;
(2) carrying out aqueous phase depolymerization on the fermented material obtained in the step (1) and dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 3 wt% according to the mass ratio of 1:11, wherein the reaction temperature is 100 ℃, the reaction time is 25min, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the reaction is finished, and removing filter residues to obtain an acidolysis material;
(3) dispersing the acidolysis material obtained in the step (2) in a mixed solution of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid, adding composite cellulase, reacting for 20 hours at 45 ℃ under the ultrasonic-assisted condition, and filtering to obtain a pretreated material; wherein the addition amount of the composite cellulase is 7 FPU/g; wherein the compound cellulase is a mixture of beta-glucosidase and cellulase; the auxiliary ultrasonic wave is applied in an intermittent mode, the working time of each time is 6s, and the interval time is 20 min; the working frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30-50KHz, and the power is 30-80W; the mass ratio of the acidolysis material to the mixed solution of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and the sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid is 1: 8.9, the concentration of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is 0.04 mol/L.
(4) Putting the pretreated material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, adding urea into the fermentation tank, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 28:1, fully mixing, adding water until the water content is 63%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the fermentation tank according to the inoculation amount, wherein the addition amount of the strain is 0.2kg/m3(ii) a Carrying out high-temperature aerobic fermentation on the mixture, simultaneously providing aeration, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 68 ℃, and maintaining for 3 days, wherein the water content is 39.9%; adding calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, continuing to ferment, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 40-80 ℃, and fermenting for 6 days; the temperature of the mixture is reduced from 40 ℃ until the mixture is reduced to room temperature, the time is 2 days, the water content is reduced to below 30 percent, and the fermentation process is completed to obtain the organic fertilizer; the fermentation microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum containing bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger and pseudomonas fluorescens, and the effective viable count is 100-300 hundred million cfu/g.
Example 2
A method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking garden waste generated in the maintenance and planting processes as a raw material, firstly exposing the garden waste for 1-2 days, and then cutting and crushing the exposed raw material to obtain a fermented material with the size not exceeding 15mm, wherein the garden waste is one or more of gardens, orchards, lawns and green belt trimmings;
(2) carrying out aqueous phase depolymerization on the fermented material obtained in the step (1) and dilute hydrochloric acid with the mass concentration of 4 wt% according to the mass ratio of 1:12, wherein the reaction temperature is 110 ℃, the reaction time is 35min, carrying out solid-liquid separation after the reaction is finished, removing filter residue from the filtrate, and drying to obtain an acidolysis material;
(3) dispersing the acidolysis material obtained in the step (2) in a mixed solution of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid, adding composite cellulase, reacting for 30 hours at 55 ℃ under the ultrasonic-assisted condition, and filtering to obtain a pretreated material; wherein the addition amount of the composite cellulase is 8 FPU/g; wherein the compound cellulase is a mixture of beta-glucosidase and cellulase; the auxiliary ultrasonic wave is applied intermittently, the working time of each time is 8s, and the interval time is 18 min; the working frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30-50KHz, and the power is 30-80W; the mass ratio of the acidolysis material to the mixed solution of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and the sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid is 1:12, and the concentration of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is 0.05 mol/L.
(4) Putting the pretreated material obtained in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, adding urea into the fermentation tank, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 25:1, fully mixing, adding water until the water content is 58%, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the fermentation tank according to the inoculum size, wherein the addition amount of the strain is 0.6kg/m3(ii) a Carrying out high-temperature aerobic fermentation on the mixture, simultaneously providing aeration, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 65 ℃, and maintaining for 4 days, wherein the water content is 40-50%; adding calcium superphosphate, mixing, fermenting, and maintaining the temperature in the fermentation tank at 48 deg.C for 2 days; the temperature of the mixture is reduced from 40 ℃ until the mixture is reduced to room temperature, the time is 2-3 days, the water content is reduced to be below 30%, and the fermentation process is completed to obtain the organic fertilizer; the fermentation microbial inoculum is a composite fermentation microbial inoculum containing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, geotrichum candidum, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and pseudomonas fluorescens, and the effective viable count is 100-300 hundred million cfu/g.
The quality of the organic fertilizer produced by the method of the invention meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), and the quality of the finished product is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 quality of finished products after 7 days fermentation of organic fertilizers prepared in examples 1-2
Effects of the implementation
Applying the obtained organic fertilizer to eggplant planting, selecting three test fields with the area of 0.5 mu, marking the test fields as experimental groups 1 and 2 and a control group, applying the organic fertilizer of examples 1 and 2 to the experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively, and applying a conventional compound fertilizer to the control group; all fertilizers are applied as base fertilizers, the application amount per mu is 1500 kg/mu, when the eggplants are in the initial expansion period, three test fields are fertilized with additional fertilizers of 200 kg/mu, and the eggplant varieties, the eggplant planting density and the daily management of the three test fields are the same; compared with the conventional fertilization method, the yield increasing effect of the experimental group is shown in the table 2;
TABLE 2 eggplant planting test results
| Yield per mu (kg) | |
| Experimental group 1 | 4530 |
| Experimental group 2 | 4624 |
| Control group | 3279 |
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking garden waste generated in the maintenance and planting processes as a raw material, firstly exposing the garden waste for 1-2 days, and then cutting and crushing the exposed raw material to obtain a fermentation material with the size not exceeding 15mm, wherein the garden waste is one or more of gardens, orchards, lawns and green belt trimmings;
(2) carrying out aqueous phase depolymerization on the fermentation material obtained in the step (1) and a dilute acid solution according to the mass ratio of 1:9.6-12.8, wherein the reaction temperature is 100-;
(3) dispersing the acidolysis material obtained in the step (2) in a mixed solution of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion liquid, adding composite cellulase, uniformly stirring, reacting for 30-48 h at 40-60 ℃, and filtering to obtain a pretreatment material; wherein the addition amount of the composite cellulase is 2-8 FPU/g;
(4) putting the pretreated material in the step (3) into a fermentation tank, adding urea water into the fermentation tank, adjusting the C/N ratio to be 22-28:1, fully mixing, adding water until the water content is 55-65%, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the fermentation tank according to the inoculation amount, wherein the addition amount of strains is 0.2-0.6kg/m3(ii) a Performing high-temperature aerobic fermentation on the mixture, simultaneously providing aeration, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 50-70 ℃, maintaining for 3-5 days, and keeping the water content at 35-45%; adding calcium superphosphate, uniformly mixing, continuing to ferment, keeping the temperature in the fermentation tank at 42-55 ℃, and fermenting for 6-10 days; and (3) reducing the temperature of the mixture from 40 ℃ until the temperature is reduced to room temperature, lasting for 2-3 days, and reducing the water content to below 30% to finish the fermentation process to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the dilute acid solution is dilute hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 2-4 wt%.
3. The method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the complex cellulase is a mixture of β -glucosidase and cellulase.
4. The method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into an organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum containing hay, lichen, geotrichum candidum, trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and pseudomonas fluorescens, and the effective viable count is 100-300 hundred million cfu/g.
5. The method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary ultrasonic waves are applied intermittently, each time of the auxiliary ultrasonic waves is 0-10s, and the interval time is 15-20 min; the working frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 30-50KHz, and the power is 30-80W.
6. The method for rapidly fermenting garden waste into organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the acidolysis material to the mixed solution of citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution and sodium dodecyl sulfate dispersion is 1: 6.5 to 12.8, and the concentration of the citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution is 0.02 to 0.06 mol/L.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104003822A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing garden plant waste |
| CN105506030A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-20 | 同济大学 | Lignocellulose anaerobic methane-producing pretreatment and fermentation technology |
| CN108440050A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-24 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Divide the method that size is handled to afforestation waste |
| CN111233549A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 无锡木趣科技有限公司 | Recycling treatment method suitable for landscaping organic solid waste |
-
2020
- 2020-08-11 CN CN202010801485.XA patent/CN111875424A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104003822A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-08-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by utilizing garden plant waste |
| CN105506030A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-20 | 同济大学 | Lignocellulose anaerobic methane-producing pretreatment and fermentation technology |
| CN108440050A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-24 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Divide the method that size is handled to afforestation waste |
| CN111233549A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-06-05 | 无锡木趣科技有限公司 | Recycling treatment method suitable for landscaping organic solid waste |
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