CN111869562A - High-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 and breeding method - Google Patents
High-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-quality granule-flavor japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 and a breeding method, and the method comprises the following steps: selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects the 'soft jade' of the small grain flavor japonica rice, and the male parent selects the intermediate materials with high rice blast resistance and carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes, and the intermediate materials are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds; planting a plurality of groups of the hybrids respectively, and selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain fragrance type individuals with obvious hybrid advantages and plant leaf shapes highly similar to the female parent; respectively planting in the advanced low generation south numerous and high-yield small areas, selecting leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm for DNA extraction, detecting and reserving single-plant fragrance type individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm. The invention quickly and accurately improves the rice blast resistance of the prior high-quality rice on the premise of not changing the taste and the plant leaf type of the 'nephrite' and breeds a novel high-quality small-grain flavor type new variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant variety breeding, in particular to high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 and a breeding method thereof.
Background
The rice is the most important grain crop in China, and the annual output of the rice in China accounts for about 37 percent of the annual output of the rice in the world and is the top of the world. In recent years, the status of rice export in the international market in China has been declined, with the rapid development of domestic economy, with the increase of population and the improvement of living standard, the requirements of consumers in China on the quality of rice are continuously improved, particularly, the requirements on good taste quality are urgent, the research, development and planting of high-quality rice is a very urgent issue, China continuously makes a breakthrough in yield breeding, and the utilization of the advantages of rice hybrids enables the high-yield breeding in China to be in the leading status in the world.
The Japanese Rice research department uses rice quality research as a main attack direction earlier, observes rice grains by using a microscope, analyzes structures of rice cell walls, amylose and amylopectin and the like, evaluates the rice quality, and breeds high-quality rice varieties, such as outstanding high-quality rice varieties 'over-the-light', which are planted for decades and are not decayed for a long time and are still good varieties on the popular dining table. Therefore, the improvement of the high-yield conventional variety in our country by the high-quality variety in Japan has been intensively studied at present. "nong 13" is a high-quality variety of Japanese selective breeding, introduce the country from Japan by the pre-academic of China's rice institute, this variety amylose content and thousand grain weight are lower, it is a granule type high-quality variety, utilize "nong 13" to breed out the high-quality strain "fragrant nephrite", thousand grain weight 23g, this strain is cooked the taste is excellent, the rice is fragrant, soft, elastic, slippery, the cold meal does not survive, it is the good variety that the grain merchant operates, but this variety is sensitive to the rice blast, can't pass the approval.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-quality small-grain flavor japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 and a breeding method thereof, wherein the Wuxiangjing 113 is bred by sexual hybridization and pedigree method by using a high-quality parent 'nephrite' as a female parent and an intermediate material carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance as a male parent.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a breeding method of high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 comprises the following steps:
selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'nephrite', the male parent is multiple, and the intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance are selected and are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds;
secondly, planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds respectively, selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain flavor individuals with obvious hybrid vigor and plant leaf morphology similar to that of the female parent according to the complementation degree of the parents and the rice grain type performance of the initial generation, and recording the high-quality small-grain flavor individuals as low-generation seeds;
step three, low-generation south propagation and generation-added planting, selecting low-generation seeds for single plant transplanting, expanding a planting group, marking single plant individuals with similar plant types and grain types as the female parent 'xiangruyu', performing rice blast inoculation identification on the marked single plant individuals at the stage of jointing and booting, selecting a plurality of single plant individuals without rice blast at the mature stage for indoor seed test, and selecting fragrant single plant individuals with grain weights of 22g to 24 g;
and step four, selecting the fragrant single plants obtained in the step three from the high-yield cell in the high generation, extracting the DNA of leaves in the seedling stage, detecting and reserving single plant fragrant individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm, and selecting fragrant rice blast resistant individuals with the grain weight of 22g to 24g in the mature stage, wherein the fragrant rice blast resistant individuals are marked as Wuxiangjing 113.
A Wuxiang japonica rice 113 with high quality and small grain flavor comprises a small grain flavor japonica rice 'xiangruyu' as a female parent, intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance as male parents, a plurality of male parents and the female parent, which are hybridized in pairs respectively, through low-generation continuous high-strength disease-resistant screening, brown rice half-cutting and fragrance-retaining individuals and high-generation selection high-yield cells, DNA extraction is carried out on leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm, and single individuals carrying any target gene Pita and/or gm Pita are retained until small grain flavor japonica rice 113 is bred, and the Wuxiang japonica rice 113 is marked.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rice blast resistance of high-quality rice is improved by utilizing an intermediate material with high rice blast resistance, the innovation development is carried out on the basis of the existing variety, a high-quality and small-grain type intermediate material 'nephrite' is purposefully utilized as a target improvement parent, various means are utilized, the rice blast resistance of the existing high-quality rice is rapidly and accurately improved on the premise of not changing the taste and the plant leaf form of the 'nephrite', and a novel high-quality and small-grain flavor type new variety is bred;
the Wuxiangjing 113 has better palatability and hereditary property and is an excellent novel intermediate material, and by utilizing the hybridization of the parent and a batch of approved high-yield varieties such as Fengguan 3227 and the like, the offspring can be continuously selected at a purposeful high pressure to breed a small-grain flavor type new strain with excellent appearance and good taste, such as Wuxiangjing 9173 and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a breeding method of high-quality small-grain flavor japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 of the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The invention relates to a breeding method of a high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice variety Wuxiangjing 113, which comprises the following steps:
selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'nephrite', the male parent is multiple, and the intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance are selected and are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds;
wujing 7059 as male parent and Xiangnephrite as female parent are improved Japanese variety "nong 13".
And step two, planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds respectively, selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain fragrance type individuals with obvious hybrid vigor and plant leaf morphology highly similar to that of the female parent according to the complementation degree of the parents and the rice grain type performance of the initial generation, and recording as low-generation seeds.
And step three, low-generation south propagation and generation-added planting, selecting low-generation seeds for single plant transplanting, expanding a planting group, marking single plant individuals with similar plant types and grain types as the female parent 'xiangruyu', performing rice blast inoculation identification on the marked single plant individuals in the stage of jointing and booting, selecting a plurality of single plant individuals without rice blast in the mature period for indoor seed test, selecting fragrant single plant individuals with grain weights of 22-24 g, performing rough treatment, checking the appearance of the brown rice, screening cloudy brown rice without whitening, cutting the brown rice into halves, reserving one half of the brown rice containing embryos, continuously planting one half of the brown rice containing the embryos by chewing the other half of the rice containing the fragrant embryos, performing rice blast inoculation in the stage of jointing and booting, and selecting single plants without disease in the mature period.
Step four, in high generation, selecting a high-yield cell for planting, continuing to breed in south and north, selecting a fragrant single plant for planting, observing and recording in the whole growth period, and marking a single plant individual with a plant type and a grain type which are highly similar to those of the 'Xiangyu'; simultaneously, selecting leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm at the seedling stage for DNA extraction, detecting and reserving single-plant fragrant individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm; and (3) performing rice blast inoculation identification on the single plant marked in the seedling stage at the jointing-pulling and booting stage, and selecting fragrant rice blast resistant individuals with grain weights of 22g to 24g in the mature stage, wherein the fragrant rice blast resistant individuals are marked as Wuxiangjing 113.
Specifically, during planting in a high-yield selected high-yield district of an advanced generation, individual plants with fragrance type and carrying resistance genes are subjected to rough treatment, appearance of the brown rice is checked, cloudy brown rice without whitening is screened out and cut into half, half of the brown rice containing embryos is reserved, the paddy containing the embryos is reserved by chewing the other half of the brown rice, half of the brown rice containing the embryos is continuously planted, and finally, the individual plants with fragrance type and containing the embryos, which are high in quality, good in comprehensive resistance and heavy in thousand-grain weight, are reserved.
As an embodiment of the invention, fig. 1 shows an implementation process of a breeding method of a high-quality small-grain flavor japonica rice variety wuxiangjing 113, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in spring of 2013, selecting an improved strain 'xiang nephrite' of a Japanese variety 'nong 13' as a female parent in Hainan, and taking a high-quality disease-resistant intermediate material Wujing 7059 as a male parent for hybridization to obtain a hybrid F0.
S2, planting 12 plants in the Wu-Ching test field in the quarter of 2013, and harvesting the mixed seeds to obtain the low-generation seeds F1.
S3, spring 2014, Hainan generation-adding, namely, timely sowing an F1 generation in a planting area, planting a single plant, expanding a planting population by at least 3000 plants, planting 60 parent 'xiangruyu', observing and recording in a seedling stage and a heading stage, and marking the single plant individual with the plant type and the grain type similar to the 'xiangruyu'; selecting a large number of marked single plants in the maturation period, testing seeds indoors, selecting single plants of 22g-24g, taking out the brown rice, checking the appearance of the brown rice, selecting cloudy and non-white brown rice, cutting the brown rice into half, keeping half of the brown rice containing embryos, chewing the other half of the brown rice, keeping the rice with fragrance and embryos, eliminating the rice without fragrance, and finally keeping 208F 2 of single plants of the strong-fragrance type rice with fragrance and half of the rice with embryos, wherein the rice has high quality, good comprehensive resistance and thousand-grain weight of 22g-24 g.
S4, in 2014 summer, sowing the seeds in a Wuyi test field at proper time to form 208 plant lines, establishing a plant line garden according to a pedigree, planting 25 plants in each plant line, multiplying 5 lines to form 208 plant lines, planting 60 parent 'xiangruyu' in contrast, at the seedling stage and the heading stage, observing and recording in the 208 plant lines, and marking single plant individuals with plant types and grain types similar to the 'xiangruyu'. And (3) inoculating the rice blast to the marked individual plant in the jointing elongation booting stage, wherein the inoculated rice blast bacterial liquid is formed by mixing a plurality of strains which are identified by near isogenic monogenic lines and have representativeness and are prepared by plant protection institute of agricultural academy of Jiangsu province. In the mature period, the high yield of the cells is compared, individuals without rice blast and with high grain weight are separated from the cells with good yield, the seed test is not carried out any more, the selection pressure is reduced, small-grain type single ears without disease or with light disease are selected, the selected small-grain type individual single ears are tested indoors, individual plant individuals of 22g to 24g are selected, the brown rice is brown, the appearance of the brown rice is checked, cloudy and non-white brown rice is selected, the brown rice is cut into halves, one half of the brown rice containing embryo is retained, the other half of the brown rice is chewed, the rice containing the embryo and with fragrance is retained, the rice without fragrance is eliminated, and finally, 82F 3 strains of the single rice containing one half of the strong-flavor type rice containing embryo with high quality, good comprehensive resistance and the thousand grain weight of 22g to 24g are retained.
S5, planting 82F 3 plants in spring 2015, Hainan Generation, planting 60 parent 'xiangruyu', observing, recording and marking strains and single plant individuals similar to the plant type and grain type of 'xiangruyu' in 82F 4 strains at the seedling stage and heading stage. In the mature period, the marked cells are compared, and the single plants are compared among the cells of each plant line, the plant leaf type is highly similar to the 'nephrite', the ears are sufficient, the single ears are heavier, and a certain amount of cells are selected. In the preferable cells, the uniformity is good compared with the cells, the ear layers are uniform, the grains are small, 5 cells with rice fragrance are selected, 10 target individuals are further selected in each selected cell, and 50 individual plants F4 are obtained.
S6, 2015, sowing seeds in proper time in Wujin, planting 50 strains, planting 25 plants and 5 lines in each strain, observing and recording in the seedling stage and heading stage according to the planted parent of 60 plants of 'Xiangruyu', marking the rice blast resistant strains similar to the plant type and grain type of 'Xiangruyu', performing rice blast inoculation on the similar strains marked in the seedling stage in the joint-pulling and heading stage, selecting and mixing the inoculated rice blast bacterial liquid with a plurality of strains representative of identification of nearly equal single gene systems prepared by the plant protection of Jiangsu academy of agricultural science, extracting DNA from the leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm, detecting target genes Pita and Pigm, and reserving individuals carrying any target gene Pita and/or Pigm. Wherein, the similarity of the No. 6 strain is highly consistent, each individual plant contains a plurality of resistance genes such as Pita, and 25 individual plants of the No. 6 strain are respectively harvested in the mature period. And (3) performing indoor seed test, selecting individual plants of 22g to 24g, performing rough treatment, checking the appearance of the brown rice, selecting cloudy and non-whitening brown rice, cutting the brown rice into halves, keeping the half containing embryos, chewing the other half, keeping the rice containing the embryos with fragrance, and eliminating the non-fragrant brown rice. Finally, half of the strong-flavor embryo-containing rice with high quality, good comprehensive resistance and thousand-grain weight of 22g-24g is reserved, and 5 single plants F5 are counted.
S7, planting 5 plant lines in 2016 spring, planting 60 plant lines of a variety 'fragrant nephrite' in Hainan in a contrasting manner, wherein a No. 3 plant line F6 cell meets a breeding target, grain type and plant leaf type are highly matched with the 'fragrant nephrite', respectively harvesting 10 whole plants in the middle of the cell, performing indoor seed test, weighing thousands of the whole plants at about 22-24 g, respectively generating brown rice, checking the appearance of the brown rice, selecting cloudy brown rice without abdomen white, cutting the brown rice into halves, keeping half of the brown rice containing embryos, chewing the other half of the brown rice, and mixing and keeping the 10 whole plants of the brown rice containing the fragrance and the embryos.
S8, in 2016 summer, strain F7 of No. 3 is mixed with half of brown rice which has fragrance and contains embryos, the ratio of the brown rice is increased in a district, 320 holes are enlarged and planted, the row spacing is 4 inches multiplied by 7.5 inches, 320 holes of a variety 'Xiangruyu' are contrasted and planted in the same way, the inoculation of rice blast is carried out in the stage of pulling out and booting, and the inoculated rice blast bacterium liquid is mixed by a plurality of strains which are identified to be representative by near isogenic single-gene systems and prepared by the plant protection institute of Jiangsu province academy of agricultural science. The rice blast resistance, plant leaf type, grain type, ear grain structure, thousand grain weight and the like of the No. 3 plant line in the mature period are highly matched with those of a control variety, the rice has strong fragrance, mixed harvest and better yield, and the yield is increased by 9.2 percent compared with the control 'fragrant nephrite'.
S9, sowing seeds in summer in 2017 at proper time by Wuchang, entering an identification garden to continue test planting, numbering is Wuxiangjing 113F8, and simultaneously, large-area demonstration planting is carried out at two test points of Wuchang and salt city, so that the Wuxiangjing 113 has excellent comprehensive resistance, reaches the standard of high-quality rice, has good yield and average yield per mu of 720 kilograms.
The breeding method of the high-quality granular aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 is mainly characterized in that on the basis of scientific research on high-yield plant types of japonica rice, a short plate is supplemented, on the premise of not changing the leaf form and the taste of high-quality plant types, the rice blast resistance of the improved high-quality rice resource 'xiangruyu' of the Japanese variety 'nong 13' is enhanced, large-area popularization is facilitated, on the basis of selecting good comprehensive agronomic characters from low-generation segregating populations F2 to F4, through field rice blast inoculation, continuous high-strength disease-resistant screening, indoor seed test and large-range multi-index quality screening are performed, and combination of quality and high yield is facilitated; on the basis of resistance identification and screening of high-generation populations F5-F8, inter-cell optimization is carried out, so that the yield, the quality and the resistance are improved together, and a new rice variety with high quality and small grain odor type is bred, and the method has good popularization and application prospects.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A breeding method of high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'nephrite', the male parent is multiple, and the intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance are selected and are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds;
secondly, planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds respectively, selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain flavor individuals with obvious hybrid vigor and plant leaf morphology similar to that of the female parent according to the complementation degree of the parents and the rice grain type performance of the initial generation, and recording the high-quality small-grain flavor individuals as low-generation seeds;
step three, low-generation south-breeding north-breeding generation-added planting, selecting low-generation seeds for single plant transplanting, expanding a planting population, marking single plant individuals with similar plant types and grain types as the female parent 'xiangruyu', performing rice blast inoculation identification on the marked single plant individuals at the stage of jointing and booting, selecting a plurality of single plant individuals without rice blast at the mature stage for indoor seed test, and selecting fragrant single plant individuals with grain weights of 22g to 24 g;
and step four, selecting the fragrant single plants obtained in the step three from the high-yield cell in the high generation, extracting the DNA of leaves in the seedling stage, detecting and reserving single plant fragrant individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm, and selecting fragrant rice blast resistant individuals with the grain weight of 22g to 24g in the mature stage, wherein the fragrant rice blast resistant individuals are marked as Wuxiangjing 113.
2. The method for breeding japonica rice wuxiangjing 113 as claimed in claim 1, wherein wujing 7059 is selected as the male parent, and "xiangruyu" which is an improved strain of japanese variety "nong 13" is selected as the female parent.
3. The breeding method of japonica rice wuxiangjing 113 according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the aromatic individual plant is selected in a specific manner that after heading, individual plants with a grain weight of 22g to 24g are selected and then subjected to brown treatment, the appearance of brown rice is checked, cloudy brown rice without opal is screened out and cut into halves, half of the brown rice with embryos is retained, and half of the brown rice with embryos is continuously planted by chewing the other half of the brown rice with embryos.
4. The method for breeding japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the aromatic single plant is selected for planting in high-yield cells in a specific manner of high-generation selection, the single plant is observed and recorded in the whole growth period, the single plant individual with the plant type and the grain type highly similar to the plant type and the grain type of the 'xiangruyu' is marked, meanwhile, the leaf with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm is selected for DNA extraction in the seedling period, and the single plant individual carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm is detected and reserved; in the stage of jointing and booting, carrying out rice blast inoculation identification on single plants marked in the seedling stage, selecting single plants with grain weights of 22g to 24g, carrying out rough treatment, checking the appearance of the brown rice, screening out cloudy brown rice without whitening, cutting the brown rice into halves, reserving half of the brown rice containing embryos, reserving the paddy rice containing fragrant embryos through chewing the other half of the brown rice, and continuously planting half of the brown rice containing embryos until fragrant rice blast resistant individuals with grain weights of 22g to 24g are selected.
5. The selective breeding method of japonica rice wuxiangjing 113 according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high yield cell is planted for high yield comparison by comparing 6 individuals in the middle of each plant cell, selecting cells with sufficient spike number and heavy spike, and selecting cells with regular spike layers, no big or small spikes and short and round grain types as the high yield cells in the selected cells.
6. A Wuxiang japonica 113 of high-quality round-grained japonica rice is characterized by comprising round-grained japonica rice 'xiangruyu' as a female parent, intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance as male parents, a plurality of male parents and the female parent are hybridized in pairs respectively, low-generation continuous high-strength disease-resistant screening and brown rice half-cutting and half-selection of aroma-remaining individuals and high-generation selection of high-yield cells are carried out, leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm are taken for DNA extraction, and a single plant carrying any target gene Pita and/or Pigm is reserved until the round-grained japonica rice is bred and marked as the Wuxiang japonica 113.
7. The japonica rice wuxiangjing 113 of claim 6, wherein the male parent is wujing 7059 and the female parent is modified from "xiangruyu" in Japanese "nong 13".
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