CN111869562B - Breeding method of high-quality small-grain-flavor japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-quality small-grain-flavor japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding method of Wuxiangjing 113 of high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice, which comprises the following steps: selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects the small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'fragrant nephrite', and the male parent selects the intermediate materials with high rice blast resistance and carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes, and respectively hybridizing the intermediate materials with the female parent in pairs to mark as hybrid seeds; planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds respectively, and selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain fragrance type individuals with obvious hybrid advantages and plant leaf shapes highly similar to those of female parents; respectively planting in the advanced low generation south numerous and high-yield small areas, selecting leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm for DNA extraction, detecting and reserving single-plant fragrance type individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm. The invention quickly and accurately improves the rice blast resistance of the prior high-quality rice on the premise of not changing the taste and the plant leaf type of the 'nephrite' and breeds a novel high-quality small-grain flavor type new variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant variety breeding, in particular to a breeding method of Wuxiangjing 113 of high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice.
Background
Rice is the most important food crop in China, and the annual output of the rice accounts for about 37 percent of the annual output of the rice in China and is the top of the world. In recent years, the status of rice export in the international market in China has been declined, with the rapid development of domestic economy, with the increase of population and the improvement of living standard, the requirements of consumers in China on the quality of rice are continuously improved, particularly, the requirements on good taste quality are urgent, the research, development and planting of high-quality rice is a very urgent issue, china continuously makes a breakthrough in yield breeding, and the utilization of the advantages of rice hybrids enables the high-yield breeding in China to be in the leading status in the world.
The Japanese Rice research department uses rice quality research as a main attack direction earlier, observes rice grains by using a microscope, analyzes structures of rice cell walls, amylose and amylopectin and the like, evaluates the rice quality, and breeds high-quality rice varieties, such as outstanding high-quality rice varieties 'over-the-light', which are planted for decades and are not decayed for a long time and are still good varieties on the popular dining table. Therefore, the improvement of the high-yield conventional variety in our country by the high-quality variety in Japan has been intensively studied at present. "nong 13" is a high-quality variety of Japanese selective breeding, introduce the country from Japan by the pre-academic of China's rice institute, this variety amylose content and thousand grain weight are lower, it is a granule type high-quality variety, utilize "nong 13" to breed out the high-quality strain "fragrant nephrite", thousand grain weight 23g, this strain is cooked the taste is excellent, the rice is fragrant, soft, elastic, slippery, the cold meal does not survive, it is the good variety that the grain merchant operates, but this variety is sensitive to the rice blast, can't pass the approval.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of Wuxiangjing 113 of high-quality small-grain flavor japonica rice, which is characterized in that Wuxiangjing 113 is bred by sexual hybridization and a pedigree method by taking a high-quality parent of 'nephrite jade' as a female parent and taking intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance as a male parent.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a breeding method of high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 comprises the following steps:
selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'nephrite', the male parent is multiple, and the intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance are selected and are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds;
secondly, planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds respectively, selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain flavor individuals with obvious hybrid vigor and plant leaf morphology similar to that of the female parent according to the complementation degree of the parents and the rice grain type performance of the initial generation, and recording the high-quality small-grain flavor individuals as low-generation seeds;
step three, low-generation south propagation and generation-added planting, selecting low-generation seeds for single plant transplanting, expanding a planting group, marking single plant individuals with similar plant types and grain types as the female parent 'xiangruyu', performing rice blast inoculation identification on the marked single plant individuals at the stage of jointing and booting, selecting a plurality of single plant individuals without rice blast at the mature stage for indoor seed test, and selecting fragrant single plant individuals with grain weights of 22g to 24 g;
and step four, selecting the fragrant single plants obtained in the step three from the high-yield cell in the high generation, extracting the DNA of leaves in the seedling stage, detecting and reserving single plant fragrant individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm, and selecting fragrant rice blast resistant individuals with the grain weight of 22g to 24g in the mature stage, wherein the fragrant rice blast resistant individuals are marked as Wuxiangjing 113.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rice blast resistance of high-quality rice is improved by utilizing an intermediate material with high rice blast resistance, the innovation development is carried out on the basis of the existing variety, a high-quality and small-grain type intermediate material 'nephrite' is purposefully utilized as a target improvement parent, various means are utilized, the rice blast resistance of the existing high-quality rice is rapidly and accurately improved on the premise of not changing the taste and the plant leaf form of the 'nephrite', and a novel high-quality and small-grain flavor type new variety is bred;
the Wuxiangjing 113 has better palatability and hereditary property and is an excellent novel intermediate material, and by utilizing the hybridization of the parent and a batch of approved high-yield varieties such as Fengguan 3227 and the like, the offspring can be continuously selected at a purposeful high pressure to breed a small-grain flavor type new strain with excellent appearance and good taste, such as Wuxiangjing 9173 and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a breeding method of high-quality small-grain flavor japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 of the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a breeding method of Wuxiangjing 113, a high-quality granule-type japonica rice variety, which comprises the following steps of:
selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'nephrite', the male parent is multiple, and the intermediate materials carrying Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes with high rice blast resistance are selected and are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds;
wujing 7059 is selected as male parent, and Xiongyu is selected as female parent, which is modified Japanese variety 'nong 13'.
And step two, respectively planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds, selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain fragrance type individuals with obvious hybrid vigor and plant leaf morphology similar to that of the female parent according to the complementary degree of the parent and the primary generation rice grain type performance, and recording as low-generation seeds.
And step three, low-generation south propagation generation-added planting, selecting low-generation seeds for single plant transplanting, expanding a planting group, marking single plant individuals with the plant types and grain types similar to those of the 'xiangruyu' female parent, performing rice blast inoculation identification on the marked single plant individuals in the joint pulling and booting stage, selecting a plurality of single plant individuals without rice blast in the maturation stage for indoor test, selecting fragrant single plant individuals with grain weights of 22-24 g, performing rough treatment, checking the appearance of the brown rice, screening cloudy brown rice without opal, cutting the brown rice into halves, reserving half of the brown rice containing embryos, continuously planting half of the brown rice containing the embryos by chewing the other half of the brown rice containing the embryos, performing rice blast inoculation in the joint pulling and booting stage, and selecting single plants without rice blast diseases in the maturation stage.
Step four, in high generations, selecting high-yield communities for planting, continuing to breed in the south and north directions, selecting fragrant single plants for planting, observing and recording in the whole growth period, and marking single plants with plant types and grain types which are highly similar to those of the 'fragrant nephrite'; simultaneously, selecting leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm at the seedling stage for DNA extraction, detecting and reserving single-plant fragrant individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm; and (3) performing rice blast inoculation identification on the single plant marked in the seedling stage at the jointing-pulling and booting stage, and selecting fragrant rice blast resistant individuals with grain weights of 22g to 24g in the mature stage, wherein the fragrant rice blast resistant individuals are marked as Wuxiangjing 113.
Specifically, during planting in a high-yield selected high-yield district in the high generation, individual plants with fragrance type and carrying resistance genes are subjected to rough treatment, the appearance of the brown rice is checked, cloudy brown rice without abdomen whitening is screened out and cut into half, half of the brown rice containing embryos is reserved, the rice containing the fragrance embryos is reserved by chewing the other half of the rice, half of the brown rice containing the embryos is continuously planted, and finally, the individual plants with fragrance type and containing the embryos, which are high in quality, good in comprehensive resistance and heavy in thousand-grain weight, are reserved.
As an embodiment of the invention, fig. 1 shows an implementation process of a breeding method of a high-quality granule-flavor japonica rice variety wuxiang japonica 113, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, in spring of 2013, selecting an improved strain 'Xiangruyu' of a Japanese variety 'nong 13' as a female parent in Hainan, and taking a high-quality disease-resistant intermediate material Wujing 7059 as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a hybrid F0.
S2, planting 12 plants in the Wuji test field in the midsummer of 2013, and harvesting the low-generation seeds F1 in a mixed manner.
S3, spring 2014, hainan generation-adding, timely sowing an F1 generation in a planting area, planting a single plant, expanding a planting population by at least 3000 plants, planting 60 parent 'xiangruyu', observing and recording in a seedling stage and a heading stage, and marking the single plant individuals with the plant type and the grain type similar to the 'xiangruyu'; a large number of marked single plants are selected in the maturation period, indoor test is carried out, single plants of 22g to 24g are selected, the brown rice is brown, the appearance of the brown rice is checked, cloudy and non-white brown rice is selected and remained, the brown rice is cut into half, half of the brown rice containing embryos is remained, the other half of the brown rice is chewed, the rice which contains the embryos and has fragrance is remained, the rice without fragrance is eliminated, and finally 208F 2 single plants of the strong-fragrance type half of rice containing the embryos and having high quality, good comprehensive resistance and thousand-grain weight of 22g to 24g are remained.
S4, in 2014 summer, sowing the seeds in a Wuyi test field at proper time to form 208 plant lines, establishing a plant line garden according to a pedigree, planting 25 plants in each plant line, multiplying 5 lines to form 208 plant lines, planting 60 parent 'xiangruyu' in contrast, and marking a single plant individual which is observed and recorded in the 208 plant lines and has a plant type and a grain type similar to the 'xiangruyu' in a seedling stage and a heading stage. And (3) inoculating rice blast to the marked individual plants in the joint-pulling and booting stage, wherein the inoculated rice blast bacterial liquid is prepared by mixing a plurality of strains which are identified by near isogenic monogenic lines and have representativeness and are prepared by plant protection institute of agricultural academy of Jiangsu province. In the mature period, firstly comparing the high yield among cells, separating individuals without rice blast and with high grain weight in the cells with good yield, not continuously carrying out seed test, reducing selection pressure, selecting small-grain type single ears without disease or with light disease, selecting selected small-grain type individual single ears, carrying out indoor seed test, selecting individual plant individuals of 22g to 24g, carrying out rough rice appearance, selecting cloudy and non-white brown rice, cutting the brown rice into halves, keeping half of the brown rice containing embryo, chewing the other half of the brown rice, keeping the rice containing embryo and having fragrance, eliminating the rice without fragrance, and finally keeping 82F 3 plants of the single plant of the strong-flavor type rice containing half of the rice containing embryo with high quality, good comprehensive resistance and thousand grain weight of 22g to 24 g.
S5, planting 82F 3 plants in spring 2015, hainan generation-adding, observing, recording and marking strains and single plant individuals similar to the plant type and grain type of the 'Xiangruyu' in 82F 4 strains in the seedling stage and heading stage by contrast with 60 plants of parent 'Xiangruyu'. In the mature period, the marked cells are compared, and the single plants are compared among the cells of each plant line, the plant leaf type is highly similar to the 'nephrite', the ears are sufficient, the single ears are heavier, and a certain amount of cells are selected. In the preferable cells, the uniformity is good compared with the cells, the ear layers are uniform, the grains are small, 5 cells with rice fragrance are selected, 10 target individuals are further selected in each selected cell, and 50 individual plants F4 are obtained.
S6, 2015 summer, sowing seeds in real time in Wujin, planting 50 strains, planting 25 plants and 5 plants × 5 lines in each strain, observing and recording in seedling stage and heading stage according to 60 plants of a planted parent 'xiangruyu', marking rice blast resistant strains with similar plant types and grain types of 'xiangruyu', carrying out rice blast inoculation on similar single strains marked in seedling stage in the heading stage, selecting and mixing inoculated rice blast fungus liquid prepared by plant protection of Jiangsu province academy of agricultural departments and having representative identification of a plurality of isogenic lines, simultaneously carrying out DNA extraction on the strains highly matched with 'xiangruyu', taking leaves with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm, detecting target genes Pita and Pigm, and reserving individuals carrying any one target gene Pita and/or Pigm. Wherein, the similarity of the No. 6 strain is highly consistent, each individual plant contains a plurality of resistance genes such as Pita, and 25 individual plants of the No. 6 strain are respectively harvested in the mature period. And (3) performing indoor seed test, selecting a single plant of 22g to 24g, making the single plant rough, checking the appearance of the brown rice, selecting cloudy and non-white brown rice, cutting the brown rice into halves, keeping half of the brown rice containing embryos, chewing the other half of the brown rice, keeping the brown rice containing the embryos with fragrance, and eliminating the non-fragrant brown rice. Finally, half of the strong-flavor embryo-containing rice which is high in quality, good in comprehensive resistance and 22-24 g in thousand grain weight is reserved, and 5 single plants F5 are counted.
S7, planting 5 plant lines in 2016 spring, planting 60 plant lines of a variety 'fragrant nephrite' in Hainan in a contrasting manner, wherein a cell of a No. 3 plant line F6 meets a breeding target, grain type and plant leaf type are highly matched with the 'fragrant nephrite', respectively harvesting 10 whole plants in the middle of the cell, carrying out indoor seed test, weighing thousand grains of the 10 whole plants about 22-24 g, respectively carrying out rough grain generation, checking the appearance of the brown rice, selecting cloudy brown rice without opal, cutting the brown rice into half, keeping the half containing the embryo, chewing the other half, and mixing and keeping the 10 whole plants of the brown rice with fragrance and the half containing the embryo.
S8, in 2016 summer, strain F7 No. 3 is mixed with half of brown rice which has fragrance and contains embryos, the brown rice is planted in 320 holes in an enlarged manner in a district grade ratio of wu jian participation, the row spacing is 4 inches multiplied by 7.5 inches, 320 holes of a variety 'xiang nephrite' are controlled and planted in the same manner, rice blast inoculation is carried out in the stage of pulling out and booting, and the inoculated rice blast bacterium liquid is mixed by a plurality of strains which are identified to be representative by a near isogenic single-gene system and are prepared by a plant protection institute of Jiangsu province academy of agricultural sciences. The rice blast resistance, plant leaf type, grain type, ear grain structure, thousand grain weight and the like of the No. 3 plant line in the mature period are highly matched with those of a control variety, the rice has strong fragrance, mixed harvest and better yield, and the yield is increased by 9.2 percent compared with the control 'fragrant nephrite'.
S9, sowing seeds in summer in 2017 in time by Wuchang, entering an identification garden to continue test planting, numbering is Wuxiangjing 113F8, and simultaneously carrying out large-area demonstration planting at two test points of Wuchang and salt city, wherein the Wuxiangjing 113 has excellent comprehensive resistance, reaches the standard of high-quality rice, has good yield and has the average yield per mu of 720 kilograms.
The breeding method of the high-quality granular aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 is mainly characterized in that on the basis of scientific research on high-yield plant types of japonica rice, a short plate is supplemented, on the premise of not changing the leaf shapes and the tastes of high-quality plant types, the rice blast resistance of the improved Japanese variety 'nong 13' is enhanced by using the improved high-quality rice resource 'xiangxiyu', the large-area popularization is facilitated, on the basis of selecting good comprehensive agronomic characters of low-generation segregating populations F2 to F4, the quality screening is performed through field rice blast inoculation and continuous high-strength disease-resistant screening, and through indoor seed testing and large-range multi-index quality screening, the combination of the quality and the high yield is facilitated; on the basis of resistance identification and screening of advanced generation groups F5 to F8, inter-cell optimization is carried out, so that the yield, the quality and the resistance are improved together, and a new rice variety with high quality and small grain odor type is bred, and the method has good popularization and application prospects.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A breeding method of high-quality small-grain aromatic japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting purposefully constructed intermediate materials as parents, wherein the female parent selects improved strain small-grain fragrant japonica rice 'xiangruyu' of a Japanese variety 'nong 13', the male parent selects Wujing 7059, and the male parent selects intermediate materials which have high rice blast resistance and carry Pita and/or Pigm resistance genes, and the intermediate materials are respectively hybridized with the female parent in pairs and marked as hybrid seeds;
secondly, planting a plurality of groups of the hybrid seeds respectively, selecting and reserving high-quality small-grain flavor individuals with obvious hybrid vigor and plant leaf morphology similar to that of the female parent according to the complementation degree of the parents and the rice grain type performance of the initial generation, and recording the high-quality small-grain flavor individuals as low-generation seeds;
thirdly, low-generation south breeding and north breeding generation-added planting, selecting low-generation seeds for single plant transplanting, expanding a planting group, marking single plant individuals with the plant types similar to the plant types and the grain types of the female parent 'xiangruyu', performing rice blast inoculation identification on the marked single plant individuals in the joint-pulling and booting stage, selecting a plurality of single plant individuals without rice blast in the mature stage for indoor test, selecting fragrant single plant individuals with grain weights of 22-24 g, selecting single plant individuals with grain weights of 22-24 g after heading, performing rough treatment, checking the appearance, screening out cloudy brown rice without abdomen whitening, cutting the brown rice into halves, reserving the half of brown rice containing embryos, reserving the half of brown rice containing fragrant embryos by chewing the other half of brown rice, and continuously planting the half of brown rice containing the embryos;
and step four, planting the fragrant single plants obtained in the step three in a high-yield cell in a high generation, extracting DNA of leaves in a seedling stage, detecting and reserving single plant fragrant individuals carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm, performing rice blast inoculation and identification on the single plant individuals marked in the seedling stage in an elongation booting stage, selecting the single plant individuals with the grain weight of 22-24 g, performing brown treatment, checking the appearance of brown rice, screening cloudy brown rice without abdomen white, cutting the brown rice into halves, reserving half of brown rice containing embryos, continuously planting the half of brown rice containing the embryos by chewing the other half of the brown rice containing the fragrant embryos until fragrant rice blast-resistant individuals with the grain weight of 22-24 g are selected, and marking the brown rice as Wuxiangjing 113.
2. The method for breeding japonica rice Wuxiangjing 113 according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the aromatic single plant is selected for planting in high-yield cells in a specific manner of high-generation selection, the aromatic single plant is selected for planting, the single plant which is observed and recorded in the whole growth period and is highly similar to the plant type and grain type of the 'nephrite' is marked, meanwhile, the leaf with the length of 1.0-1.5cm and the width of 0.8-1.5cm is selected for DNA extraction in the seedling period, and the single aromatic single plant carrying at least one resistance gene Pita and/or Pigm is detected and reserved.
3. The breeding method of japonica rice wuxiangjing 113 according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high yield of the japonica rice wuxiangjing 113 is obtained by comparing 6 single plants in the middle of each plant line cell, selecting the cells with enough ears and heavy single ear, and selecting the cells with regular ear layers, no big or small ears and short and round grain types as the high yield cells in the selected cells.
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