CN106857229A - A kind of Application way of Britain's wheat germplasm - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for utilizing British wheat germplasm, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding. In the present invention, British wheat germplasm is sown in a greenhouse at a different time, and domestic wheat germplasm is planted in a seed selection nursery according to a normal sowing date, and a hybrid combination is assembled to obtain hybrid seeds; the obtained hybrid seeds are sown in a greenhouse at a different time. , with the domestic germplasm planted in the seed selection nursery for the second hybridization to obtain the F1 generation seeds of the second hybridization; plant the F1 generation seeds in the seed selection nursery for selective breeding. The method of the present invention solves the problem that the flowering period of British wheat germplasms and domestic wheat germplasms does not meet by sowing at different times in the greenhouse, uses multiple hybridization and selection, and adjusts the breeding steps and induction, planting and harvesting methods in the breeding process And the breeding environment, to solve the problem that the British wheat germplasm is difficult to breed and utilize in China, and the maturity period and plant height of the hybrid offspring. Utilizing the method of the invention, a plurality of super-high-yield, multi-resistance and wide-adaptation wheat new varieties (lines) have been selected and bred.

Description

A kind of utilization method of British wheat germplasm

technical field

The invention discloses a method for utilizing British wheat germplasm, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding.

Background technique

As the crop with the widest distribution, the largest planting area and the largest trade volume in the world, wheat has a much higher impact on global food security than other crops. About 40% of the world's people rely on wheat as a staple food. In my country, the area and output of wheat account for about 1/4 of the national grain crops, and it is one of the three major grain crops in my country.

The current wheat breeding work is facing severe challenges, not only to continue to increase yield but also to improve quality, but also to improve water and fertilizer use efficiency and disease resistance. However, due to the shortage of parent materials available for breeding, the increase in genetic similarity of new varieties, and the limitations of traditional breeding methods, the difficulty of breeding breakthrough varieties is further increasing. Excellent germplasm resources are the basis for breeding breakthrough new varieties, and the quality, quantity and type diversity of germplasm resources determine the success or failure of breeding work. Using current excellent varieties and self-fertilized excellent intermediate materials as parents can help improve the adaptability of bred varieties, but to create breakthrough new varieties with genetic innovation, it is necessary to introduce wheat germplasm with large differences in genetic background , especially excellent germplasm containing different antigen types.

Many leaps in my country's wheat production have benefited from the introduction and utilization of foreign wheat germplasm, whether it is the direct introduction and utilization of Afu and Abo, or the "dwarf Mengniu" bred through genetic improvement of foreign germplasm, Lumai 13 and Lumai 14. The level of wheat breeding in the UK has always been at the forefront of the world, with a high yield per unit area of wheat. Large-scale high-yield plots can exceed 800 kg/mu, and it has created the world's highest yield record of 16.52 tons/ha. British wheat varieties not only have a high yield level, and wheat commercial grains are mainly used to make bread, with excellent processing quality, but also contain excellent disease resistance and stress resistance genes different from Chinese wheat germplasm, which has high breeding value.

Since the growth period of British wheat germplasm reaches more than 300 days, the heading period is 15-20 days later than that of Shandong local varieties, and the flowering period is rare, so it is very difficult to use. Even if the hybridization is successful, the progeny materials also show late maturity. It is taller and the grain color is red. It is for these reasons that although many domestic units have introduced British wheat germplasm, they have not been able to use it successfully.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for utilizing British wheat germplasm to solve the problem that the British wheat germplasm is difficult to breed and utilize domestically.

Technical solutions

A method for utilizing British wheat germplasm, comprising the following steps:

(1) The British wheat germplasm was sown in the greenhouse at the wrong time, and the domestic wheat germplasm was planted in the seed selection nursery according to the normal sowing date, and the hybrid combination was assembled to obtain hybrid seeds;

(2) Sow the obtained hybrid seeds in the greenhouse at a different time, and perform a second hybridization with the domestic germplasm planted in the seed selection nursery to obtain the F1 generation seeds of the second hybridization;

(3) Plant the F1 generation seeds in the seed selection nursery. If the heading date and maturity period are close to those of domestic wheat germplasm, then obtain the F2 generation seeds, and the harvesting method is mixed harvesting of the whole row; otherwise, repeat the steps for the F1 generation seeds (2 ), until its heading and maturity stages are close to those of domestic wheat germplasm;

(4) The F2 generation seeds are planted in plots with more than 2,000 plants, and the entire plot is mixed for harvesting. From the harvested grains, white, plump, high-grain grains are selected to obtain F3 generation seeds; because the British wheat grains are red, F2 generation grain is a highly segregated generation. Grain color is a trait controlled by multiple genes, and white is a negative trait. The trait of white grain selected in this generation can be stably inherited to future generations, so selection in this generation Carry out grain color selection; since the number of white grains is very small, in order to obtain more grains and reduce the workload, the mode of plot planting is adopted; the main work goal of this generation is to improve grain color;

(5) Plant the F3 generation seeds in the seed selection nursery, select individual plants according to maturity, plant height and yield, and perform individual threshing on the selected individual plants to obtain F4 generation seeds;

(6) The F4 generation seeds were planted in rows, and individual plants were selected for the ripening period, agronomic traits, SPAD value and photosynthetic rate of the row, and the selected individual plants were threshed to obtain F5 generation seeds; the SPAD value and The purpose of measuring the photosynthetic rate is to select excellent individual plant materials with high leaf chlorophyll content and fast photosynthetic rate;

(7) The F5 generation is planted in rows, selected according to the agronomic traits, photosynthetic rate, basal internode length and stem strength, and the selected single row is harvested in the whole row, threshed in a single row, and the F6 generation seeds are obtained; the purpose of measuring the photosynthetic rate is to Select excellent individual plant materials with fast leaf photosynthetic rate, and measure the base internode length and stalk strength to identify the stalk strength and lodging resistance of individual plants;

(8) F6 grains were identified in a single row at multiple points in different places, and new wheat varieties with comprehensive indicators meeting the requirements were screened out.

In the above method, the staggered sowing refers to sowing in more than two periods, and the sowing time interval of each two periods is 5-15 days; preferably, the sowing is divided into two periods, and the sowing time interval is 10 days. Using the staggered sowing time in the greenhouse solved the problem that the flowering period of British wheat germplasm and domestic wheat germplasm did not meet.

In the above method, step (5) adopts single row planting, the grain distance is 5cm, and the row distance is 33cm;

Above-mentioned method, row planting refers to planting a row of grain harvested from one plant.

In the above method, the SPAD value and the photosynthetic rate are measured using a SPAD measuring instrument and a photosynthetic instrument.

In the above method, the step (8) "multi-point identification in a single row" means that the grains harvested from a row are planted in multiple locations.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention provides a method for utilizing British wheat germplasm, which solves the problem that the British wheat germplasm is difficult to breed and utilize domestically. Using staggered sowing in greenhouses to solve the problem of different flowering periods between British wheat germplasm and domestic wheat germplasm, using multiple hybridization and selection, and adjusting the breeding steps and induction, planting, harvesting methods and breeding environment during the breeding process, The problems of maturity period and plant height of hybrid offspring are solved. Utilizing the method of the invention, a plurality of super-high-yield, multi-resistance and wide-adaptation wheat new varieties (lines) have been selected and bred.

detailed description

In conjunction with specific embodiments, the present invention is further described.

Example 1

1. The British variety Alchemy, which has a high yield potential of 13 tons/ha and is resistant to a variety of major wheat diseases, was sown in the greenhouse in two phases on October 25 and November 5 respectively. Alchemy was used as the female parent. Wheat germplasm Antirust 782 resistant to rust and powdery mildew was used as the male parent for hybridization to obtain hybrid seeds;

2. The obtained hybrid seeds were sown in the greenhouse in two phases on October 30 and November 10 respectively, and the high-yield and wide-adapted variety Luyuan 502 planted in the seed selection nursery was used as the male parent for the second hybridization. Obtain the F1 generation seed of the second hybridization;

3. The F1 generation seeds are planted in the seed selection nursery, and the materials are investigated and recorded in the field; the heading and maturity periods are close to those of the domestic wheat germplasm, and the whole row is harvested, mixed and threshed to obtain F2 substitute seeds;

4. The F2 generation is planted in plots (1.5m×8m, 6 row plots), the number of plants sown is 2400, and the whole plot is mixed and harvested. Through manual selection, 50 grams of white, plump, high-grain grains are selected from the harvested grains;

5. Plant the F3 generation with white grain color in a single row, plant 80 grains in each row, the grain distance is 5cm, and the row distance is 33cm, a total of 12 rows. According to the maturity stage, plant height and yield traits, single plant selection is carried out, and the maturity stage is normal. Excellent single plant, and single plant threshing, to obtain F4 grains;

6. The F4 generation is planted in rows, and the maturity stage and agronomic traits of the row are recorded, and the SPAD value and photosynthetic rate of the heading stage, flowering stage, filling stage and maturity stage of the row are measured by SPAD measuring instrument and photosynthetic instrument. Determining, selecting excellent individual plants to enter the next generation, and threshing individual plants to obtain F5 grains;

7. The F5 generation is planted in rows, and the survey and record method is similar to that of the F4 generation. According to the performance of agronomic traits, the measurement of photosynthetic rate, the length of the base internode and the measurement of the stem strength, select a single row of good quality to harvest the whole row, mix and thresh, and obtain F6 grain;

8. Conduct multi-point remote identification of F6 grains in Zhangqiu, Huantai, Yanzhou, Hepingdu and other test points for single-row multi-point remote identification (among F6 grains, one row of grains is planted in different locations), and screen out comprehensive factors such as maturity period and yield. New varieties of wheat whose indicators meet the requirements;

9. Using this breeding method, a new wheat variety Luyuan 339 was selected from this combination. The maturity period of this variety is the same as that of Jimai 22. It has white grains and a plant height of 79cm. It has excellent comprehensive characteristics, good comprehensive resistance, and high yield. The three factors are coordinated, and the measured yield of the plot can reach 695.74 kg/mu, which is 10.39% higher than that of the control Jimai 22.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of Application way of Britain's wheat germplasm, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

（1）By Britain's wheat germplasm intermission seeding in greenhouse, domestic wheat germplasm is planted in selective nursery by normal sowing dates, Cross combination is assembled, hybrid seed is obtained；

（2）The hybrid seed intermission seeding that will be obtained is carried out miscellaneous for the second time in greenhouse with the domestic germplasm planted in selective nursery Hand over, obtain the F1 generation seed of second hybridization；

（3）F1 generation seed is planted in selective nursery, if its heading stage and maturity period, close to country's wheat germplasm, obtain F2 For seed, harvesting approach is that full line mixes results；Otherwise, F1 generation seed repeat step（2）, until its heading stage and maturity period connect Nearly country's wheat germplasm；

（4）F2 is planted for seed using cell, more than 2000 plants, whole cell mixing is harvested sowing strain number, from results seed Seed white, full, that grain weight is high is chosen in grain, F3 is obtained for seed；

（5）F3 is planted in selective nursery for seed, Single-plant selection is carried out according to maturity period, plant height and yield, the individual plant selected enters Row individual plant threshing, obtains F4 for seed；

（6）F4 is planted for seed using plant, and ripe phase, economical character, SPAD values and photosynthetic rate to plant carry out individual plant choosing Select, the individual plant selected carries out individual plant threshing, obtain F5 for seed；

（7）In F5 generations, using plant plantation, are selected according to economical character, photosynthetic rate, basal internode length and straw stiffness, The single file selected carries out full line results, and single file threshing obtains F6 for seed；

（8）F6 seeds carry out the identification of single file multiple spot strange land, filter out the satisfactory new variety of wheat of overall target.

2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the intermission seeding refers to be divided to two more than the phase to be sowed, The sowing time of every two phase was at intervals of 5-15 days.

3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that be divided to for two phases sowed, the sowing time was at intervals of 10 days.

4. the method according to claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterised in that step（5）Use single file plantation, grain away from 5cm, line-spacing 33cm.

5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that carry out SPAD values and light using SPAD analyzers and photosynthetic instrument Close rate determination.