CN111851060A - 纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,属于新材料技术领域。该纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:首先对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行表面处理,然后将天然毛绒类纤维制品置于包含有CuCl2、AgNO3、PVP的多元醇混合溶液中加热处理,使得天然毛绒类纤维制品上附着纳米银粒子,最后取出,经后处理获得具有抗菌功能的天然毛绒类纤维制品。本发明中纳米银粒子以自生长的方式固定在天然毛绒类纤维表面,解决了纳米银粒子抗菌剂易团聚、未能充分发挥抗菌效果以及整理后抗菌纺织品耐洗涤性差等缺陷问题,获得抗菌效果好、功能持久的天然毛绒类纤维制品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种新材料领域的技术,具体是一种纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法。
背景技术
绵羊毛纤维、山羊绒纤维等天然毛绒类纤维具有较好的弹性、延伸性、悬垂性和吸湿性,以其为原料制成的织物具有较好的抗皱性和保暖性,常用于制作秋冬季大衣、羊毛衫、西装等,是一种应用广泛的纺织原料。但天然毛绒类纤维的主要成分是角蛋白,易发生虫蛀现象;其表面有鳞片和微孔结构,且吸湿率高,易滋养细菌,因此开发具有抗菌功能的天然毛绒类纤维制品具有重要的实用价值。
常用的纺织品抗菌剂有无机和有机两大类,其中银离子无机抗菌剂是商品化无机抗菌剂的主流。银离子是杀菌能力最强的离子之一,但银离子氧化电位高、化学稳定性较差,在紫外线照射下或加热到一定温度后,银离子被还原为金属银,并立即转化为氧化银,致使纺织品表面变色,不仅降低了其商业价值,也减弱了其抗菌性能。纳米银粒子由于其尺寸效应,具有很高的比表面积,因而与微生物表面接触的概率大大增加,理论上其抗菌性能远远大于传统的银离子抗菌剂,被广泛应用在纺织、医疗及环境治理等领域。
纳米银粒子是通过物理化学方法将金属银单质加工成颗粒直径小于100nm的金属银单质,是以原子结构组成的银粒子。其应用于抗菌纺织品主要是通过浸渍、涂层等方式,但由于其尺寸小、易发生团聚,未能充分发挥其抗菌效果,且所生产的抗菌纺织品存在耐久性差等问题。
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明由此而来。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足,提出了一种纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,解决纳米银粒子抗菌剂易团聚、未能充分发挥抗菌效果以及整理后抗菌纺织品耐洗涤性差等缺陷问题,获得抗菌效果好、功能持久的天然毛绒类纤维制品。
本发明涉及一种纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,首先对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行表面处理,然后将天然毛绒类纤维制品置于包含有CuCl2、AgNO3、PVP的多元醇混合溶液中加热处理,使得天然毛绒类纤维制品上附着纳米银粒子,最后取出,经后处理获得具有抗菌功能的天然毛绒类纤维制品。
优选地,天然毛绒类纤维制品可以是绵羊毛纤维,山羊绒纤维,兔毛纤维等以及相应的纤维织物。织物具体的可以是衬衣、打底衫、西装、大衣等。
优选地,对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行表面处理的过程如下:将天然毛绒类纤维制品清洗并烘干到恒重,再放入5-10g/L的H2SO4溶液中,加热到90℃~100℃保持5~15min,升温速率为10~15℃/min;之后取出置于整理剂溶液中,浴比为1:10~1:20,以10~15℃/min的升温速率加热到90℃~120℃,保持15~30min;然后取出,得到经表面处理的天然毛绒类纤维制品。
进一步优选地,整理剂溶液包括30~60g/L的整理剂,10~20g/L的柔软剂,10~20g/L的渗透剂。
优选地,采用多元醇混合溶液对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行处理的过程如下:
S1,将经表面处理的天然毛绒类纤维制品充分浸泡在多元醇混合溶液中,浴比为1:3~1:5;
S2,加热到150℃~170℃,升温速率为10~15℃/min,并保持20~30min;
S3,将天然毛绒类纤维制品取出,在120~150℃条件下烘干。
优选地,后处理过程如下:将天然毛绒类纤维制品用水清洗,直到pH值为中性6.8~7.2范围内,然后取出,在90~120℃条件下烘干。
进一步优选地,多元醇混合溶液中包含20~30g/L的AgNO3,60~120g/L的CuCl2,15~20g/L的PVP;AgNO3与CuCl2的比例为1:3~1:4。
多元醇混合溶液的配置方法如下:首先称取一定量的无水氯化铜与乙二醇并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌5~15min,搅拌温度为140℃~180℃,获得CuCl2溶液;再称取一定量的AgNO3和PVP并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌25~40min,搅拌温度为20℃~25℃,获得AgNO3溶液;最后将CuCl2溶液和AgNO3溶液混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌5~15min,搅拌温度为140℃~180℃,获得多元醇混合溶液。
技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下技术效果:
1)利用纳米银粒子的自生长机理,将纳米银粒子以自生长的方式固定在天然毛绒类纤维表面,可显著提升耐摩擦和耐洗涤牢度,从而提高抗菌功能的耐久性,且能够充分发挥纳米银粒子的抗菌作用;
2)纳米银粒子因尺寸小且是以自生长方式固定在纤维表面,因而对织物的手感、舒适性、透气性没有不良影响,还能够在织物表面形成特殊外观效果,得到一种新颖的服装面料,因此与现有抗菌天然毛绒类纤维及织物相比,具有显著的优越性;
3)方法简单,无毒无废排放,所需试剂安全环保,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件进行。
以下实施例所使用的绵羊毛纤维、山羊绒纤维及相应织物由桐乡市明秀服饰有限公司提供;AgNO3和CuCl2为阿达玛斯试剂有限公司生产;PVP和乙二醇为上海麦克林生化科技有限公司生产;整理剂为山东登诺新材料科技有限公司生产,KH570型;柔软剂为季铵盐改性有机硅油柔软剂,东莞纺链新材料科技有限公司生产;渗透剂由东莞市洁威实业有限公司提供,JV-301型;电子天平为上海天美天平仪器有限公司生产,FA2204C型;磁力搅拌器为上海梅颖浦仪器仪表制造有限公司生产,84-1型;油浴锅为上海一凯仪器设备有限公司生产,HH-WO型;真空干燥箱为上海精宏实验设备有限公司生产,DZF-6050型。
实施例1
选用绵羊毛散纤维,用自来水清洗、烘干,称取50g,放入5g/L的H2SO4溶液中,以10℃/min的升温速率为加热到90℃,保持15min。
配置整理剂溶液:整理剂浓度为30g/L,柔软剂浓度为15g/L,渗透剂浓度为15g/L。将上述酸处理后的绵羊毛纤维放入整理剂溶液中,浴比为1:10,以10℃/min的升温速率为加热到90℃,保持30min,然后取出,得到经表面处理的绵羊毛纤维。
配制多元醇混合溶液,含AgNO3浓度为20g/L,CuCl2浓度为60g/L,PVP浓度为15g/L;配制方法为:首先称取一定量的无水氯化铜与乙二醇并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌5min,搅拌温度为180℃,获得CuCl2溶液;再称取一定量的AgNO3和PVP并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌25min,搅拌温度为25℃,获得AgNO3溶液;最后将CuCl2溶液和AgNO3溶液混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌5min,搅拌温度为180℃,获得多元醇混合溶液。
纳米银抗菌绵羊毛纤维的制备方法如下:
S1,将表面处理后的绵羊毛纤维浸泡在多元醇混合溶液中并搅拌均匀,浴比为1:3;
S2,加热到170℃,升温速率为15℃/min,并保持20min;
S3,将绵羊毛纤维取出,在120℃条件下烘干;
S4,将烘干后的绵羊毛纤维用自来水清洗,直到pH值为中性,然后取出,在90℃条件下烘干,得到纳米银抗菌绵羊毛纤维。
针对本实施例获得的抗菌绵羊毛纤维,根据《GB/T 20944.3-2008纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡法》进行测试,检测结果为:大肠杆菌抑菌率≥80%,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率≥96%,肺炎克雷伯氏菌抑菌率≥80%,均具有显著的抗菌效果。
实施例2
选用山羊绒纤维,用自来水清洗、烘干,称取50g,放入10g/L的H2SO4溶液中,以10℃/min的升温速率为加热到100℃,保持5min。
配置整理剂溶液:整理剂浓度为60g/L,柔软剂浓度为15g/L,渗透剂浓度为15g/L。将上述酸处理后的山羊绒纤维放入整理剂溶液中,浴比为1:20,以15℃/min的升温速率为加热到120℃,保持15min,然后取出,得到经表面处理的山羊绒纤维。
配制多元醇混合溶液,含AgNO3浓度为30g/L,CuCl2浓度为120g/L,PVP浓度为20g/L;配制方法为:首先称取一定量的无水氯化铜与乙二醇并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌15min,搅拌温度为140℃,获得CuCl2溶液;再称取一定量的AgNO3和PVP并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌40min,搅拌温度为25℃,获得AgNO3溶液;最后将CuCl2溶液和AgNO3溶液混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌15min,搅拌温度为140℃,获得多元醇混合溶液。
纳米银抗菌山羊绒纤维的制备方法如下:
S1,将表面处理后的山羊绒纤维浸泡在多元醇混合溶液中并搅拌均匀,浴比为1:5;
S2,加热到150℃,升温速率为10℃/min,并保持30min;
S3,将山羊绒纤维取出,在150℃条件下烘干;
S4,将烘干后的山羊绒纤维用自来水清洗,直到pH值为中性,然后取出,在120℃条件下烘干,得到纳米银抗菌山羊绒纤维。
针对本实施例获得的抗菌山羊绒纤维,根据《GB/T 20944.3-2008纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡法》进行测试,检测结果为:大肠杆菌抑菌率≥80%,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率≥96%,肺炎克雷伯氏菌抑菌率≥80%,均具有显著的抗菌效果。
实施例3
选用绵羊毛织物,用自来水清洗、烘干,剪取20×20cm,放入8g/L的H2SO4溶液中,以10℃/min的升温速率为加热到100℃,保持15min。
配置整理剂溶液:整理剂浓度为45g/L,柔软剂浓度为20g/L,渗透剂浓度为20g/L。将上述酸处理后的绵羊毛织物放入整理剂溶液中,浴比为1:10,以10℃/min的升温速率为加热到100℃,保持20min,然后取出,得到经表面处理的绵羊毛织物。
配制多元醇混合溶液,含AgNO3浓度为25g/L,CuCl2浓度为100g/L,PVP浓度为20g/L;配制方法为:首先称取一定量的无水氯化铜与乙二醇并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌10min,搅拌温度为160℃,获得CuCl2溶液;再称取一定量的AgNO3和PVP并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌30min,搅拌温度为25℃,获得AgNO3溶液;最后将CuCl2溶液和AgNO3溶液混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌10min,搅拌温度为160℃,获得多元醇混合溶液。
纳米银抗菌绵羊毛织物的制备方法如下:
S1,将表面处理后的绵羊毛织物浸泡在多元醇混合溶液中并搅拌均匀,浴比为1:3;
S2,加热到170℃,升温速率为15℃/min,并保持20min;
S3,将绵羊毛织物取出,在120℃条件下烘干;
S4,将烘干后的绵羊毛织物用自来水清洗,直到pH值为中性,然后取出,在90℃条件下烘干,得到纳米银抗菌绵羊毛织物。
针对本实施例获得的抗菌绵羊毛织物,根据《GB/T 20944.3-2008纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡法》进行测试,检测结果为:大肠杆菌抑菌率≥78%,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率≥96%,肺炎克雷伯氏菌抑菌率≥75%,均具有显著的抗菌效果。
需要强调的是:以上仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
首先对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行表面处理,然后将天然毛绒类纤维制品置于包含有CuCl2、AgNO3、PVP的多元醇混合溶液中加热处理,使得天然毛绒类纤维制品上附着纳米银粒子,最后取出,经后处理获得具有抗菌功能的天然毛绒类纤维制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,所述天然毛绒类纤维制品包括绵羊毛纤维,山羊绒纤维,绵羊毛纤维织物和山羊绒纤维织物。
3.根据权利要求1所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行表面处理的过程如下:将天然毛绒类纤维制品清洗并烘干到恒重,再放入5-10g/L的H2SO4溶液中,加热到90℃~100℃保持5~15min,升温速率为10~15℃/min;之后取出置于整理剂溶液中,浴比为1:10~1:20,以10~15℃/min的升温速率加热到90℃~120℃,保持15~30min;然后取出,得到经表面处理的天然毛绒类纤维制品。
4.根据权利要求3所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,所述整理剂溶液包括30~60g/L的整理剂,10~20g/L的柔软剂,10~20g/L的渗透剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,采用多元醇混合溶液对天然毛绒类纤维制品进行处理的过程如下:
S1,将经表面处理的天然毛绒类纤维制品充分浸泡在多元醇混合溶液中,浴比为1:3~1:5;
S2,加热到150℃~170℃,升温速率为10~15℃/min,并保持20~30min;
S3,将天然毛绒类纤维制品取出,在120~150℃条件下烘干。
6.根据权利要求1所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,后处理过程如下:将天然毛绒类纤维制品用水清洗,直到pH值为6.8~7.2,然后取出,在90~120℃条件下烘干。
7.根据权利要求1所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,所述多元醇混合溶液中包含20~30g/L的AgNO3,60~120g/L的CuCl2,15~20g/L的PVP;AgNO3与CuCl2的比例为1:3~1:4。
8.根据权利要求7所述纳米银抗菌天然毛绒类纤维制品的制备方法,其特征是,所述多元醇混合溶液采用如下方法配置:首先称取一定量的无水氯化铜与乙二醇并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌5~15min,搅拌温度为140℃~180℃,获得CuCl2溶液;再称取一定量的AgNO3和PVP并混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌25~40min,搅拌温度为20℃~25℃,获得AgNO3溶液;最后将CuCl2溶液和AgNO3溶液混合,在磁力搅拌器上搅拌5~15min,搅拌温度为140℃~180℃,获得多元醇混合溶液。
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