CN111837829A - High-yield planting method of chicory and method for extracting inulin by using chicory root - Google Patents
High-yield planting method of chicory and method for extracting inulin by using chicory root Download PDFInfo
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- CN111837829A CN111837829A CN202010852591.0A CN202010852591A CN111837829A CN 111837829 A CN111837829 A CN 111837829A CN 202010852591 A CN202010852591 A CN 202010852591A CN 111837829 A CN111837829 A CN 111837829A
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- 241000723343 Cichorium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 222
- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 241000256135 Chironomus thummi Species 0.000 claims description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 244000088401 Pyrus pyrifolia Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000001630 Pyrus pyrifolia var culta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 22
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 241000246044 Sophora flavescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 1
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- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A high-yield planting method of chicory and a method for extracting inulin by using chicory roots relate to a planting method of chicory and a method for extracting inulin by using chicory roots. The invention aims to solve the problems of low yield of chicory roots and low purity of inulin prepared by the existing method. The planting method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing balls to obtain chicory seed balls; secondly, selecting land and preparing land; thirdly, sowing; fourthly, field management; fifthly, field moisture management; sixthly, pest control; and seventhly, harvesting. The method for extracting inulin comprises the following steps: firstly, extraction: shredding chicory root, extracting and filtering to remove impurities; secondly, decoloring: decolorizing, sequentially carrying out microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration; thirdly, pulverizing: concentrating, drying, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain inulin. The advantages are that: the emergence rate is improved, the average root length reaches more than 35cm, and the longest root length reaches 45 cm; the acre yield of fresh chicory roots reaches over 5500kg on average. The method is mainly used for planting chicory and preparing inulin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method of chicory and a method for extracting inulin by using chicory roots.
Background
Chicory is native to Europe and is a perennial herb of the genus Sonchus, Compositae. Through crossbreeding, the product can be used as both medicine and food, and has become one of the new economic crop varieties with development prospect due to excellent quality. Leaves are clustered, the leaf back and leaf veins are often accompanied by reddish-purple streaky streaks, and most of the leaves are semi-vertical and have hairy leaves. Under the normal condition of field fertilizer and water management, the leaf length can reach 30-40 cm, the leaf width is 5-8 cm, the plant height is 1.5-1.8 m, the head-shaped inflorescence is divided into orchid and white flower, the seeds are fine, the average thousand-grain weight of the seeds is 0.96-1.2 g, the main roots are coarse, and the meat quality is white. The average root length is 30 centimeters, the diameter of the head of the root can reach about 5cm, the weight of the root is generally 0.3-0.8 kg due to good and bad management and different growth periods of cultivation density, and the number of root seeds can exceed 1.5 kg.
A patent published in China that a planting method of chicory (application number: 201310481008.X) discloses that a plurality of adsorbents of sodium metasilicate, alum powder and ferric hydroxide are added into soil, so that toxic heavy metal elements in the soil can be effectively adsorbed and solidified, the absorption of the heavy metal elements by crops is reduced, and the crop yield can be improved; but the yield of the chicory roots obtained by the method is about 2500 kg/mu; the chicory root yield is too low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low yield of chicory roots and low purity of inulin prepared by the existing method, and provides a high-yield planting method of chicory and a method for extracting inulin by using chicory roots.
A high-yield planting method of chicory is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Hubei province, Henan province, Gansu province, Shaanxi province, Jiangsu province, Shandong province or Hebei province, wherein the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, deeply ploughing the soil by 25 cm-30 cm, and applying 4000 kg/mu-6000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 3800-5800 parts of farmyard manure, 50-100 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 30-100 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of sodium metasilicate and 0.5-1.5 parts of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 5-10 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 800-1200 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15-20 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 100-150 times, and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
A method for extracting inulin by using chicory root is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, extraction: cleaning chicory roots, shredding to obtain filiform chicory roots, heating and extracting the filiform chicory roots by pure water at the extraction temperature of 75-85 ℃ for 3-6 h, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain a chicory extracting solution; the mass ratio of the filiform chicory root to the pure water is 1: 15;
secondly, decoloring: transferring the chicory extracting solution into an activated carbon decolorizer, filtering by using a ceramic membrane separator after decolorization, then filtering by using an ultrafiltration membrane machine, and finally filtering by using a nanofiltration machine to obtain the decolorized chicory extracting solution;
thirdly, pulverizing: concentrating the decolorized chicory extract, drying until the water content of the solid product is below 5%, and then crushing and screening to obtain inulin.
The invention has the advantages that: the method comprises the steps of preparing chicory seeds into chicory seedballs, avoiding insect pests during germination, ensuring that the chicory seeds grow quickly after germination by using the monopotassium phosphate compound micro-fertilizer in the chicory seedballs, improving the rate of emergence, adding an organic water absorbing material into the chicory seeds, and enabling the organic water absorbing material to be adsorbed in surrounding soil to form small water balls so as to promote the chicory seeds to germinate smoothly; selecting sandy soil, wherein the sandy soil is loose, has strong permeability, good water and fertilizer retention capacity, is a basis for stable yield and high yield, and improves the granular structure of the soil by applying farmyard manure more, so that the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the high yield of the chicory roots is ensured; thirdly, the chicory seeds can be prevented from being shielded from each other and affecting illumination, and compared with the situation that the row spacing and the column spacing are all 16cm, the land utilization rate is improved, the number of chicory plants per mu is increased, and the yield of chicory roots is further increased; fourthly, except for the fleshy root expansion period, the water content of the soil in the whole growth period is 50-55 percent, which is beneficial to the downward growth of the root, and the microbial phosphorus fertilizer is used in the invention, so that the average root length of the fertilizer reaches more than 35cm and the longest root length reaches 41 cm; fifth, the acre yield of the fresh chicory root reaches more than 5500kg on average, and the inulin content in the root reaches more than 20 percent, so the chicory root is an ideal medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal material at present. And fifthly, in the inulin preparation process, an activated carbon decolorizer is used for decolorization, and a ceramic membrane separator, an ultrafiltration membrane machine and a nanofiltration machine are used for filtration in sequence, so that the purity of the finally obtained inulin is high and reaches more than 95%.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a high-yield planting method of chicory, which is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Hubei province, Henan province, Gansu province, Shaanxi province, Jiangsu province, Shandong province or Hebei province, wherein the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, deeply ploughing the soil by 25 cm-30 cm, and applying 4000 kg/mu-6000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 3800-5800 parts of farmyard manure, 50-100 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 30-100 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of sodium metasilicate and 0.5-1.5 parts of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 5-10 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 800-1200 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15-20 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 100-150 times, and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: in the second step, the microbial phosphate fertilizer contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, cellulose streptomyces and aspergillus versicolor original varieties; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that: in the second step, the mass fraction of the bacillus subtilis is 33%, the mass fraction of the bacillus licheniformis is 42%, the mass fraction of the cellulose streptomyces is 15% and the mass fraction of the original variety of the aspergillus versicolor is 10%. The rest is the same as the second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: in the first step, each chicory seedball contains 3-10 chicory seeds. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and in the fourth step, the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 8-10 o 'clock earlier or 15-17 o' clock afternoon. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the embodiment is a method for extracting inulin by using chicory roots, which is specifically completed by the following steps:
firstly, extraction: cleaning chicory roots, shredding to obtain filiform chicory roots, heating and extracting the filiform chicory roots by pure water at the extraction temperature of 75-85 ℃ for 3-6 h, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain a chicory extracting solution; the mass ratio of the filiform chicory root to the pure water is 1: 15;
secondly, decoloring: transferring the chicory extracting solution into an activated carbon decolorizer, filtering by using a ceramic membrane separator after decolorization, then filtering by using an ultrafiltration membrane machine, and finally filtering by using a nanofiltration machine to obtain the decolorized chicory extracting solution;
thirdly, pulverizing: concentrating the decolorized chicory extract, drying until the water content of the solid product is below 5%, and then crushing and screening to obtain inulin.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in that: cleaning chicory roots by using a cleaning machine, then feeding the chicory roots into a shredding machine for shredding, feeding the filiform chicory roots into an extraction machine for pure water heating extraction at the extraction temperature of 80 ℃ for 5 hours, and sequentially filtering and removing impurities by using a ceramic membrane separator after the extraction is finished to obtain a chicory extracting solution. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the sixth and seventh embodiments is: and in the third step, after the chicory is decolorized, primarily concentrating the chicory extract by using a double-effect concentration evaporator, concentrating by using a spherical concentrator, drying by using a spray drying tower to obtain a solid product with the water content of below 5%, and crushing and screening the solid product with the water content of below 5% by using a powder screening machine to obtain the inulin. The rest is the same as the sixth or seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the sixth to eighth embodiments in that: and step three, drying until the water content of the solid product is 2-5%. The others are the same as the sixth to eighth embodiments.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The following tests are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
9 independent areas are divided from the same plot in a certain county of Jiangsu province, and chicory planting is carried out according to example 1 and comparative examples 1-8 in sequence.
Example 1: a high-yield planting method of chicory is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the seaweed gel to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4757 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5Each gram, the prevention and treatment object is a grubScarabaeiform, respectively; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
The microbial phosphate fertilizer in the second step of example 1 contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
In the microbial phosphate fertilizer obtained in the second step of example 1, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis is 33%, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis is 42%, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae is 15% and the mass fraction of aspergillus versicolor is 10%.
Example 1 in step one, each chicory seedball contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
In the fourth and fifth step of example 1, the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 1: compared to example 1: chicory seeds were not made into chicory seedballs:
firstly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4757 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
secondly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 5 chicory seeds are placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
thirdly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fourthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
fifthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
sixth, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 1 the microbial manure in step two contained bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
Comparative example 1 in the second step of the microbial phosphate fertilizer, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae and the mass fraction of aspergillus versicolor are 33%, 42% and 10%, respectively.
Comparative example 1 in the fourth and fifth steps, the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 2: compared to example 1: the chicory seedball is not added with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound micro-fertilizer:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; adding seaweed glue into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the seaweed glue to the deionized water is 1: 70; thirdly, uniformly spraying seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the attached glue, wherein the mass ratio of the seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4757 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 2 the microbial manure in step two contained bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
Comparative example 2 in the microbial phosphate fertilizer described in step two, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis was 33%, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis was 42%, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae was 15%, and the mass fraction of primary varietal aspergillus versicolor was 10%.
Comparative example 2 each chicory seedball in step one contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
Comparative example 2 in the fourth step, the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 3: compared to example 1: the chicory seedball is not added with organic water-absorbing materials:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, and sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam which is taken as a coating material; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4757 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaf ages, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, 60mL of Wuda oasis No. 3 is diluted by 750 times to spray, and the control object is beet nightMoths, diamondback moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 3 the microbial manure in step two contained bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
Comparative example 3 in the microbial phosphate fertilizer described in step two, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis was 33%, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis was 42%, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae was 15%, and the mass fraction of primary varietal aspergillus versicolor was 10%.
Comparative example 3 each chicory seedball in step one contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
Comparative example 3 in the fourth and fifth steps, the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 4: compared to example 1: reducing farmyard manure application:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the seaweed gel to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm and applying 500 kg/mu of base fertilizer, wherein the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15 g/kg; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 257 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight:
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5One dose per gram, the control object is grub(ii) a Thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 4 the microbial manure of step two contained bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
Comparative example 4 in the microbial fertilizer described in step two, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis was 33%, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae was 15%, and the mass fraction of aspergillus versicolor was 10%.
Comparative example 4 each chicory seedball in step one contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
Comparative example 4 spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer in the fourth and fifth steps is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 5: compared to example 1: the base fertilizer is not added with microbial phosphorus fertilizer:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the seaweed gel to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4837 parts of farmyard manure, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight:
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 5 each chicory seedball in step one contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
And 5, spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer in the fourth step and the fifth step for 8-10 points earlier.
Comparative example 6: compared to example 1: the seeding row spacing is different:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the seaweed gel to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4757 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the row spacing and hole spacing of 16cm, wherein the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 seed of chicory is placed into each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then compacted, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 6 the microbial manure of step two contained bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
Comparative example 6 in the microbial phosphate fertilizer described in step two, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis was 33%, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis was 42%, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae was 15%, and the mass fraction of primary varietal aspergillus versicolor was 10%.
Comparative example 6 each chicory seedball in step one contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
Comparative example 6 in the fourth and fifth steps, the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 7: compared to example 1, the field moisture management was different:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the seaweed gel to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Jiangsu province, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm after the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, and applying 5000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4757 parts of farmyard manure, 80 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 60 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 2 parts of sodium metasilicate and 1 part of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 7 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 1000 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the whole growth period is 70 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 150 times and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
Comparative example 7 the microbial manure of step two contained bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor var; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
Comparative example 7 in the microbial phosphate fertilizer described in step two, the mass fraction of bacillus subtilis was 33%, the mass fraction of bacillus licheniformis was 42%, the mass fraction of streptomyces cellulosae was 15%, and the mass fraction of primary varietal aspergillus versicolor was 10%.
Comparative example 7 each chicory seedball in step one contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
Comparative example 7 spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer in the fourth and fifth steps is 8 to 10 points earlier.
Comparative example 8: planting is carried out according to the method disclosed in the published Chinese patent of a method for planting chicory (application number: 201310481008.X) in example 1:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting ventilated black sand with high nutrient content, deeply ploughing the soil by 25-30cm, and applying 245 kg/mu of base fertilizer and 90 kg/mu of soil conditioner; after applying base fertilizer and soil conditioner, digging holes, controlling the depth of the holes to be 15-20mm and the diameter to be 14-16 mm; the formula (kilogram) of the base fertilizer comprises livestock and poultry manure 35, urea 25, sodium metasilicate 5, alum powder 6, ferric hydroxide 3, vegetable oil 12, humic acid 12, plant ash 20, attapulgite 10, calcium carbonate powder 4, amino acid 0.5 and trace element fertilizer 0.4, and the raw materials are mixed and applied; the formula (kilogram) of the soil conditioner comprises 32 parts of attapulgite, 5.5 parts of vinegar residues, 3.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of sodium selenite, 2.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 3.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2.5 parts of jade powder, 1.5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 15 parts of iron ore slag, 23 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of foots, 2.5 parts of eucalyptus oil, 0.25 part of vitamin C, a silane coupling agent KH5502.5 and a proper amount of water;
the preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
(a) uniformly mixing zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, jade powder, ammonium molybdate, eucalyptus oil, vitamin C and a silane coupling agent KH550, and granulating;
(b) mixing the attapulgite with other residual components, adding the particles obtained in the step (a), uniformly mixing, and carrying out secondary granulation; drying to obtain the product;
(2) seed selection and sowing: selecting seeds with disease resistance, high quality, high yield and strong stress resistance, drying in the sun for 2-3h, soaking in 8-10% ethanol solution for 3-5s, taking out, air drying, and keeping the seeds at 25-33 deg.C for 2-3 days; sowing the treated seeds into the holes in the step (1), wherein 1-2 seeds are sowed in each hole, and covering soil for 5-7mm after sowing; transplanting when the seedlings grow to have 3-4 leaves, wherein the row spacing is 15 cm, and about 3500 plants are planted per mu;
(3) field management: applying 90kg of urea, 75kg of bean dregs, 25kg of brown sugar, 75kg of bamboo charcoal powder, 22kg of waste oil residue, 62kg of bean pulp, 12kg of oily shale powder, 35kg of sophora flavescens powder, 25kg of rangoon creeper powder and 42kg of coleus blumei powder to each mu of topdressing for 1-2 times according to the fertility condition of soil, timely removing field weeds and irrigating, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 60-65%;
(4) and (3) pest control: during the growth period of the chicory, insect pest control is not needed, but the carbendazim solution is sprayed according to the conventional method before the chicory is mown and utilized;
(5) harvesting: when the height of the plant reaches 50 cm, the plant can be mowed and utilized.
Example 2: a method for extracting inulin by using chicory root is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, extraction: cleaning chicory roots by using a cleaning machine, then shredding the chicory roots in a shredding machine, feeding the filiform chicory roots into an extraction machine for pure water heating extraction at the extraction temperature of 80 ℃ for 5 hours, and sequentially filtering and removing impurities by using a ceramic membrane separator after the extraction is finished to obtain chicory extract; the mass ratio of the filiform chicory root to the pure water is 1: 15;
secondly, decoloring: transferring the chicory extracting solution into an activated carbon decolorizer, filtering by using a ceramic membrane separator after decolorization, then filtering by using an ultrafiltration membrane machine, and finally filtering by using a nanofiltration machine to obtain the decolorized chicory extracting solution;
thirdly, pulverizing: primarily concentrating the decolorized chicory extract by using a double-effect concentration evaporator, concentrating by using a spherical concentrator, drying by using a spray drying tower to obtain a solid product with the water content of 3.5%, and crushing and screening the solid product with the water content of 3.5% by using a powder screening machine to obtain inulin.
Selecting chicory seedballs containing 5 chicory seeds from the chicory seedballs in the examples 1 and the comparative examples 2-7, selecting 200 chicory seedballs in each example, marking the planted holes, recording the emergence rate, randomly selecting 200 holes in the comparative examples 1 and 8 for marking, counting the emergence rate of the 200 marked holes in each example, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, clearing the seedlings in time, not replanting if the seedlings lack seedlings, recording the number of empty holes per mu of the seedlings lack, planting the rest holes except the marked holes in the examples 1 and the comparative examples 2-8 according to normal operation, recording the yield of the chicory roots in the 200 marked holes in the examples 1 and the comparative examples 1-8, calculating the yield of the fresh chicory roots in the examples 1 and the comparative examples 1-8 except the marked holes, and recording the yield as the average yield of the fresh chicory roots; randomly drawing 100 fresh chicory roots produced in 200 marked holes of example 1 and comparative examples 1-8, measuring and calculating the average root length of the fresh chicory roots, making inulin from the 100 drawn fresh chicory roots according to the method given in example 2, calculating the inulin yield and measuring the inulin purity; recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1
Compared with the comparative example 1, the example 1 shows that the chicory seeds are prepared into the chicory seedballs, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests during germination is avoided, the emergence rate is greatly improved, and the average root length and the inulin yield are also improved; compared with the comparative example 2, the embodiment 1 shows that the potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound micro-fertilizer is used in the chicory seedball, so that the chicory seeds are ensured to grow quickly after sprouting, the emergence rate is improved, and the average root length and the inulin yield are also improved; compared with the comparative example 3, the embodiment 1 shows that the organic water-absorbing material is added into the chicory seeds, and the organic water-absorbing material can absorb the organic water-absorbing material in the surrounding soil to form small water balls, so that the chicory seeds are promoted to germinate smoothly, and the emergence rate is improved; comparing the example 1 with the comparative example 4, the application amount of farmyard manure is increased, so that the average root length of the chicory and the acre yield of the fresh chicory can be effectively improved, and the inulin yield is improved; compared with the comparative example 5, the microbial phosphorus fertilizer added into the base fertilizer can obviously improve the average root length of the chicory and the acre yield of the fresh chicory root, and improve the inulin yield; compared with the comparative example 6, the comparison of the example 1 shows that under the condition of the same column spacing, the land utilization rate is improved by adopting the raisin tree seeds for planting, the number of plants for planting the chicory per mu is increased, and the aim of improving the acre yield of the average fresh chicory root is fulfilled; compared with the comparative example 7, the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the water content of the soil is reasonably controlled, the aim of saving water is fulfilled, the average root length of the chicory can be effectively improved, and the inulin yield is greatly improved; compared with the comparative example 8, the comparison of the example 1 shows that the average root length, the inulin yield and the acre yield of the fresh chicory root planted by the method are obviously improved. The inulin prepared by the method has the purity of over 95 percent.
Claims (9)
1. A high-yield planting method of chicory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, ball manufacturing: firstly, taking sandy soil, sieving the sandy soil by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine sandy loam, adding an organic water absorption material into the fine sandy loam, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating material; the mass ratio of the fine sandy loam to the organic water-absorbing material in the coating material is 6: 1; secondly, adding the seaweed glue and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite micro-fertilizer into deionized water, and uniformly mixing to obtain micro-fertilizer seaweed glue; the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the deionized water is 1: 70; the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate composite microelement fertilizer in the microelement fertilizer seaweed glue is 1.5 per mill; uniformly spraying micro-fertilizer seaweed glue on the surfaces of the chicory seeds by using a sprayer to obtain the chicory seeds with the glue, wherein the mass ratio of the micro-fertilizer seaweed glue to the chicory seeds is 1: 15; uniformly covering fine sandy loam on the surfaces of the chicory seeds with the attached glue by using a centrifugal ball making method, and screening by using a combined sieve to obtain chicory seed balls, wherein the particle size of the chicory seed balls is 4-6 meshes;
secondly, land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil in Hubei province, Henan province, Gansu province, Shaanxi province, Jiangsu province, Shandong province or Hebei province, wherein the organic matter content of the sandy soil is not lower than 15g/kg, deeply ploughing the soil by 25 cm-30 cm, and applying 4000 kg/mu-6000 kg/mu of base fertilizer; the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing 3800-5800 parts of farmyard manure, 50-100 parts of microbial phosphorus fertilizer, 30-100 parts of amino acid bio-organic fertilizer, 100 parts of humic acid potassium sulfate fertilizer, 1-3 parts of sodium metasilicate and 0.5-1.5 parts of ferric hydroxide in parts by weight;
thirdly, sowing: when the ground temperature is stabilized at 8-10 ℃, digging holes according to the mode of the Hovenia dulcis seedlings, wherein the hole distance is 16cm, the hole depth is 1.5cm, the hole diameter is 1.5cm, 1 chicory seed ball is placed in each hole, and the holes are covered with soil and then tamped, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 0.5-1 cm;
fourthly, field management: spraying a Wanwin viable bacteria agent after sowing, wherein the spraying amount is 1000 mL/mu; secondly, when the chicory seedlings grow to 3-5 leaves, timely clearing and fixing the seedlings, and timely replanting if the seedlings are short; thirdly, when 7-9 leaves grow, weeding and intertilling are carried out in time, and the fact that no weeds exist in the field in the whole growth period is guaranteed; fourthly, when the seedlings are 15-20 cm high, spraying a 778 Nashi inducer and a midge potash fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, wherein the application amount of the 778 Nashi inducer is 5-10 kg/mu, and the application amount of the midge potash fertilizer is 5 kg/mu; spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer for more than 3 times in the whole growth period, when the foliar surface is light yellow green, firstly diluting the amino acid foliar fertilizer into 800-1200 times of liquid to obtain amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent, and then spraying the amino acid foliar fertilizer diluent on the foliar surface according to the application amount of 15-20 kg/mu;
fifthly, field moisture management: the water content of the soil in the fleshy root expansion period is 70 percent, and the water content of the soil in the rest full growth period is 50 to 55 percent;
sixthly, pest control: firstly, spraying Wuda oasis No. 3 before 3 leaves are aged, wherein the spraying amount is 60 mL/mu, and the spraying amount of the No. 3 Wuda oasis No. 60mL is 750 times diluted to spray, so that the control objects are beet armyworms, diamond back moths and prodenia litura; secondly, adding metarhizium anisopliae into the coating material, wherein the mass ratio of the metarhizium anisopliae to the coating material is 1: 25; the number of live spores in the metarhizium anisopliae is 2.3 multiplied by 1052.8 multiplied by 10 per gram5The grub is taken as a control object; thirdly, diluting 3 percent of captopril by 100-150 times, and spraying to prevent and control bacterial diseases;
seventhly, harvesting: when the lowest temperature outside is reduced to-2 ℃.
2. The high-yield planting method of chicory according to claim 1, wherein the microbial phosphate fertilizer in the second step contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, streptomyces cellulosae and aspergillus versicolor; the preservation number of the bacillus subtilis is CGMCC No. 0395.2; the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCC No. 0395.4; the preservation number of the streptomyces cellulosae is CGMCC No. 2167; the preservation number of the original variety of aspergillus versicolor is CGMCC No. 2171.
3. The high-yield planting method for chicory as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the second step, the microbial phosphate fertilizer contains 33% by mass of bacillus subtilis, 42% by mass of bacillus licheniformis, 15% by mass of streptomyces cellulosae and 10% by mass of aspergillus versicolor.
4. The high-yield planting method of chicory according to claim 1, characterized in that each chicory seedball in the first step contains 3-10 chicory seeds.
5. The high-yield planting method for chicory according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying time of the amino acid foliar fertilizer in the fourth and fifth steps is 8-10 am or 15-17 pm.
6. A method for extracting inulin from chicory roots of chicory obtained by the planting method of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is carried out by the following steps:
firstly, extraction: cleaning chicory roots, shredding to obtain filiform chicory roots, heating and extracting the filiform chicory roots by pure water at the extraction temperature of 75-85 ℃ for 3-6 h, and filtering to remove impurities to obtain a chicory extracting solution; the mass ratio of the filiform chicory root to the pure water is 1: 15;
secondly, decoloring: transferring the chicory extracting solution into an activated carbon decolorizer, filtering by using a ceramic membrane separator after decolorization, then filtering by using an ultrafiltration membrane machine, and finally filtering by using a nanofiltration machine to obtain the decolorized chicory extracting solution;
thirdly, pulverizing: concentrating the decolorized chicory extract, drying until the water content of the solid product is below 5%, and then crushing and screening to obtain inulin.
7. The method for extracting inulin from chicory roots according to claim 6, wherein in the first step, the chicory roots are cleaned by a cleaning machine and then fed into a filament cutter for filament cutting, the filament chicory roots are fed into an extractor for pure water heating extraction, the extraction temperature is 80 ℃, the extraction time is 5 hours, and after the extraction is finished, a ceramic membrane separator is sequentially used for filtering and removing impurities to obtain a chicory extracting solution.
8. The method for extracting inulin from chicory roots according to claim 6, wherein the decolourized chicory extract in the third step is primarily concentrated by a double-effect concentration evaporator, then concentrated by a ball concentrator, and then dried by a spray drying tower to obtain a solid product with the water content of less than 5%, and the solid product with the water content of less than 5% is crushed and sieved by a powder sieving machine to obtain the inulin.
9. Method for inulin extraction from chicory roots according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that in step three drying is carried out until the moisture content of the solid product is between 2% and 5%.
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| CN101081874A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2007-12-05 | 鞍山中兴医药集团有限公司 | Preparation technique for abstraction of inulin from chicory |
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| CN102487700A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-06-13 | 白银熙瑞生物工程有限公司 | Planting method for chicory |
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| CN101081874A (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2007-12-05 | 鞍山中兴医药集团有限公司 | Preparation technique for abstraction of inulin from chicory |
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| CN102487700A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-06-13 | 白银熙瑞生物工程有限公司 | Planting method for chicory |
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