CN111823469A - 微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程与其适用的模具及发泡材料 - Google Patents
微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程与其适用的模具及发泡材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111823469A CN111823469A CN202010302541.5A CN202010302541A CN111823469A CN 111823469 A CN111823469 A CN 111823469A CN 202010302541 A CN202010302541 A CN 202010302541A CN 111823469 A CN111823469 A CN 111823469A
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Abstract
一种微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程与其适用的模具及发泡材料,其中该发泡成型制程的步骤包含:加入一发泡材料于一模具中;于常压或低压状态,同时施加一微波与一电磁能于该模具;该微波与该电磁能使该发泡材料成型为一发泡成型体,而本发明的该模具包含一微波穿透部分与一电磁加热部分,该微波穿透部分与该电磁加热部分对应面呈现凹凸配合,使该模具中形成封闭的一容置空间;以及该微波施加于该微波穿透部分,该电磁能施加于该电磁加热部分;本发明利用电磁加热的热转换效率与加热速度较一般红外线加热或电热管加热优异,可有效节省能源,并于常压或低压下即可达到发泡成型效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发泡成型制程及适用该发泡成型制程的模具与发泡材料,尤其涉及一种利用微波与电磁加热的发泡成型制程、模具及其发泡材料。
背景技术
既有的发泡方式主要是通过外部热源的加热传导,促使发泡材料中的发泡剂发泡,达到发泡成型的目的,但此种加热方式是自材料的外部向内部传导,容易加热不均匀导致发泡材料的质量难以控制;且此种通过外部热源的传导加热模式,往往需要搭配高压辅助发泡,但对于一些不适用高压发泡的结晶性材料,容易有破泡与成型性不佳的问题产生。
随着科技的发展,发泡制程逐渐衍生出微波发泡的加热形式,微波可使材料中分布的特定分子产生共振,改善上述传统自外向内的不均匀传导技术问题,然而,微波加热的方式仍存在着例如所需模具需以能穿透微波的塑料材料制造,而全塑料制成的模具耐久性不足的问题。
发明内容
为了解决既有的发泡成型制程与随后衍生出的微波加热技术的种种缺点,本发明首先提供一种微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其步骤包含:
加入一发泡材料于一模具中;
于常压或低压状态,同时施加一微波与一电磁能于该模具;
该微波与该电磁能使该发泡材料成型为一发泡成型体;其中:
该模具包含一微波穿透部分与一电磁加热部分,该微波穿透部分与该电磁加热部分对应面呈现凹凸配合,使该模具中形成封闭的一容置空间;以及该微波施加于该微波穿透部分,该电磁能施加于该电磁加热部分。
其中,该微波的频率范围较佳介于100MHz-3000GHz;以及该电磁能的功率范围较佳介于1W~2000KW。该发泡材料加入该模具中时包含未发泡、微发泡或已发泡状态。该发泡材料的已发泡状态为发泡珠粒、板材、条状、星型或不规则型态。该发泡材料的该未发泡为连续发泡结构;以及该已发泡状态或微发泡状态为非连续发泡结构。
其中,该模具的该微波穿透部分于该微波与该电磁施加的同时,进一步施予一来自于气动、电动或油压式的机械外力,使其与该电磁加热部分紧密盖合。
本发明接着提供一种适用于上述微波电磁加热发泡成型制程的模具,其包含:一微波穿透部分,其底部外凸;以及一电磁加热部分,其顶部内凹,并与该微波穿透部分凹凸配合而形成一容置空间。
其中,该微波穿透部分与该电磁加热部分进一步包含一中盖,该中盖底部外凸并与该电磁加热部分的顶部呈现凹凸配合形成该容置空间。
其中,该电磁加热部分进一步包含一温度监控装置。
其中,该微波加热部分为塑料材质,以及该电磁加热部分为金属材质。
该微波加热部分的外表面以及该电磁加热部分的内表面有对应的螺纹结构;较佳地,该中盖不随该微波加热部分旋转。
进一步的,本发明又提供一种适用于上述微波电磁加热发泡制程的发泡材料,其包含:一热塑性塑料材料99.98份以下、一发泡剂0.1-30份以及一微波及/或电磁能吸收剂0.01-20份。
其中,该发泡材料亦可包含一架桥剂0.1-10份、一微波吸收促进剂0.01-20份与一功能添加剂0.01-20份;该微波吸收促进剂系附着于该发泡材料表面,该发泡材料较佳为未完全发泡或已发泡的材料。
其中,该热塑性塑料材料结晶性或非结晶性的液态类或固态类材料及其共聚物;以及该热塑性塑料材料包含聚酯热塑性树脂、动态交联热塑性树脂、聚苯乙烯系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、橡胶、含硅树脂、含氟树脂、聚碳酸醇酯类或生物可分解树脂,例如可包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂、聚乙烯醇、三元乙丙橡胶、乙烯-丙烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚烯烃系弹性体、热塑性硫化胶、热塑性聚酯弹性体、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、热塑性聚氨酯、聚氨酯、聚异氰尿酸酯、聚酰胺树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙烯酯、聚乳酸、戊酸酯共聚物、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、三聚氰胺、聚酯二元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯、聚甘醇酸、聚3-羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、环氧树脂、聚碳酸丁二醇酯、液态硅橡胶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯或对苯二甲酸/1,4-环己烷二甲醇/2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二醇共聚物。
其中,该发泡剂包含物理发泡剂、化学发泡剂或物理化学复合发泡剂。
其中,该物理发泡剂包含膨胀性微球、中空微球、粉体、气体或液体;以及该化学发泡剂包含碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、亚硝酸铵、硼氢化钾、硼氢化纳、过氧化氢、偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基甲四铵、对甲苯磺酰肼、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼、苯磺酸酰肼、三肼基均三嗪、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲、偶氮二异庚腈、硫酸肼类、偶氮腈化物、偶氮羟酸衍生物、苯磺肼化合物、亚硝基化合物、重氮基苯化合物、尿素等化合物及其共聚物。
其中,物理发泡剂中的该气体包含戊烷、己烷、庚烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、丁烷、异庚烷、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气、氦气、氧气、氖气、空气;以及该物理发泡剂中的该液体包脂肪羟类、低沸点小于300度的醇、酯、醚、酮、芳香羟类、氟氯烃类、烃类、氢氟氯碳化物、氢氟碳化物、卤化碳类、全氟丙烷类、石油醚等,如乙醇、甲醚、乙醚、甲乙醚、甲苯、丙酮、氟氯甲烷、三氟甲烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、氯甲烷、氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、次氟酸、环己烷、环戊烷。
其中,该架桥剂包含过氧化二异丙苯、2,5-二甲-2,5-二(三级丁过氧)己烷、过氧化苯甲酰、二叔丁基过氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2-羟基-5-叔-丁基过氧-3-己炔、三烯丙基异氰酸酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、丙烯酸、过氧化二乙酰、过氧2-甲基丙酸三级丁酯;三级丁基过氧异丙苯、1,1-贰(三级丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、2,5-二甲-2,5-二(三级丁过氧)己烷、4,4-二(叔丁基过氧化)戊酸正丁酯、过氧化双(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)、双(4-甲基苯甲酰基)过氧化物、1,4-贰(2-三级丁基过氧异丙基)苯、过氧苯甲酸三级丁酯、3,5,5-三甲基过氧己酸三级丁基酯、2-乙基己基叔丁基过氧化碳酸酯、三氧杂环庚烷化合物、3,3,5,7,7-五甲基-1,2,4-三氧杂环庚烷、过氧化月桂酰基、贰(4-三级丁基环己基)过氧二碳、过氧化二(十六烷基)二碳酸酯、过氧化二碳酸双十四烷基酯、过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯、过氧化二碳酸二-3-甲氧基丁酯、过氧化二异丁酰、过氧新癸酸三级丁酯、过氧化新庚酸叔丁酯、双(3,5,5-三甲基己酰)过氧化物、过氧化新癸烷酸-2,4,4-三甲基戊基酯、过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯、过氧二碳酸双(2-乙基己基)酯、过氧二碳酸双(异丙)酯、1,1-贰(三级丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)、过氧化癸酰基、1,3-双(三级丁基过氧异丙基)苯、1,4-双(三级丁过氧异丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二-(2-乙基己酰过氧)己烷、过氧化(2-乙基己基)碳酸叔戊酯、过氧化三级丁醇、3,5-二异丙苯过氧化氢、顺丁烯二酸酐及其化合物。
其中,该微波及/或电磁能吸收剂包含氮化物、氧化物、碳化物、石墨烯、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或纤维素奈米晶用以吸收微波,奈米单质粉、石墨用以吸收电磁热能;以及该微波吸收促进剂为具有极性或可解离的液剂。
其中,氮化物包含氮化硼、氮化硅、氮化钒、氮化钛、氮化镓或氮化铝;该奈米单质粉包含奈米石墨粉、奈米钼粉、奈米硅粉、奈米钛粉、奈米钴粉、奈米铋粉、奈米金粉、奈米银粉、奈米铜粉、奈米铝粉、奈米锌粉、奈米锡粉、奈米镍粉、奈米铁粉或奈米钨粉;该氧化物包含氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化铁、氧化硅、氧化钛或氧化铜;该碳化物包含碳化硅、碳化钒、碳化钛、碳化硼、碳化铌、碳化钼、碳化钽、碳化铬、碳化铪、碳化锆、碳化钨、碳纤维或奈米碳管;以及该具有极性或可解离的液剂包含水、接口活性剂、盐类、有机酸、有机醇或上述材质的复合物。
其中,该功能添加剂包含增塑剂、润滑剂、接口活性剂、气泡调整剂、阻燃剂、偶联剂、增强剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、着色剂、加工改性剂、抗冲击改质剂、无机粉体或填料粉体。
其中,该增塑剂包含苯甲酸酯、酯类化合物、醚类化合物、聚己内酯类化合物或碳酸酯类化合物;该接口活性剂包含阴离子型接口活性剂、阳离子型界面活性剂、非离子型界面活性剂、两性型界面活性剂;该该气泡调整剂包含硼酸锌、硼砂、磷酸系成核剂、苯酚系成核剂、胺系成核剂、聚氟乙烯系树脂粉体;该无机粉体包含滑石粉、云母粉、硫代硫酸钠;以及该填料粉体包含有机微球、无机微球、金属粒子或金属氧化物微球。
进一步地,该有机微球包含聚酯微球、聚偏二氯乙烯微球、丙烯酸类树酯微球、酚醛类树酯微球、聚乳酸微球、聚苯乙烯微球、环氧树酯微球、聚苯胺微球、聚酰胺微球、三聚氰胺/甲醛微球;该无机微球包含玻璃微球、陶瓷微球、二氧化硅微球、碳微球、碳酸钙微球、石墨烯微球;该金属粒子包含镁、铝、锆、钙、钛、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锗、钼、银、铟、锡、钨、铱、铂、铁或金粒子;以及该金属氧化物微球包含氧化铝微球。
通过上述说明可知,本发明利用微波与电磁复合式的加热方式,所需模具仅部分使用可穿透微波的塑料材料,而其他结构仍以金属材料制成,具有相对耐久性。且本发明利用电磁加热的热转换效率与加热速度较一般红外线加热或电热管加热优异,可有效节省能源,并于常压或低压下即可达到发泡成型效果。
传统发泡加热方式,因材料堆栈松散,仅通过发泡材料各自分子之间独立吸收热源,热传导性效率差,热均匀性不足,容易会因为加热均匀性与热传导性不足导致发泡成型效果差的问题。本发明利用电磁与微波复合式加热(简称复合式加热)搭配模具结构设计,可使模具内部能快速身升温且有效提升热均匀性,改善传统微波加热均匀性不佳的问题,也可改善传统热风、红外线、电热管等加热方式,降低热损与能耗,提升热均匀性,且电磁热转换率较其他方式高,温度上升速率较传统的单一加热源(例如微波、电热管或热风等)方式快,能够取代传统物理或化学发泡成形而需购置相对应的设备,如模压发泡、射出发泡、水蒸气模压成形(如保丽龙、发泡珠粒成型等)、押出成型等设备,再通过制程与模具设计,可制备物理发泡材成型体或化学发泡材成型体等发泡体,无须另外购置多台设备,如热压机、射出机、水蒸气模压成形机,能够快速导入各厂家的机台,无需额外花费高昂的建置成本。
本发明通过物理或化学发泡材成型,可达到塑料轻量化设计并配合旋转下压的螺纹模具结构设计,使得模具结合高度可调,通过模具螺旋下压设计提升粒子间接触面积,可降低能耗与缩短成形时间,继而得以通过低压或常压方式制备发泡成型体。本发明所提供的制程可适用于化学发泡与物理发泡,微波与电磁复合式加热方式可促使化学发泡剂更稳定均匀发泡,并通过架桥剂提升熔体强度,同时可提升结晶性与非结晶性材料发泡均匀性,改善结晶性材料以传统发泡方式易有破泡与成型性不佳等问题;而物理发泡材可经复合式加热方式成型为一发泡体,物理发泡材无须添加架桥剂,较化学发泡体不同的是物理发泡体废弃后可导入循环回收系统再利用,属环保材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一较佳实施例的流程示意图;
图2为本发明模具第一较佳实施例示意图;
图3为本发明模具第二较佳实施例示意图。
符号说明:
10 模具
11 微波穿透部分
111 微波穿透部分的外表面螺纹结构
13 电磁加热部分
131 电磁加热部分的内表面螺纹结构
W 微波
E 电磁能
具体实施方式
请参考图1,其为本发明一种微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程第一较佳实施例,其步骤包含:
步骤1:将一发泡材料加入一模具10中,该模具10包含一微波穿透部分11与一电磁加热部分13,使该模具10中形成一容置空间且呈封闭状态;
步骤2:于常压或低压状态,同时施加一微波W与一电磁能E于该模具10,较佳地该微波W系施加于该微波穿透部分11,该电磁能E系施加于该电磁加热部分13;以及
步骤3:该微波W与该电磁能E使该发泡材料成型为一发泡成型体。
其中,该微波W的频率范围较佳介于100MHz-3000GHz,更佳介于300MHz-3000GHz,而该电磁能E的功率范围较佳介于1W~2000KW,该微波W与该电磁能E依据所成型的该发泡成型体的发泡状态而定。
请参考图2,对应上述制程,本发明所使用的该模具10的该微波穿透部分11较佳是塑料材质,该电磁加热部分13则选择金属材质。该模具10的第一较佳实施例,该微波穿透部分11与该电磁加热部分13间呈现凹凸配合的结构关系,该微波穿透部分11的底部较佳系外凸并可盖合于该电磁加热部分13的内凹部位并形成该容置空间。请参考图3,该模具10的第二较佳实施例则可以是该微波穿透部分11的底部为平面无外凸,并且该模具10进一步包含一中盖12,该中盖12则对应该电磁加热部分13的内凹部位外凸,二者可相互盖合并形成该容置空间。将该发泡材料放置于该微波穿透部分11与该电磁加热部分13凹凸配合所形成的该容置空间中,通过该微波穿透部分11的凸出部分可以压住固定该发泡材料,使其可以均匀贴覆电磁加热金属部分,达到更为均匀受热的效果。该微波穿透部分11或该中盖12可以通过气动式、电动式或油压式等外部机械力加压,使其能有效盖合于该电磁加热部分13。
进一步地,本发明的该模具10第三较佳实施例系该微波穿透部分11外表面与该电磁加热部分13的内表面有搭配的螺纹结构(111,131),使该微波穿透部分11与该电磁加热部分13的结合高度可调进而达到该发泡材料成型效果的差异,例如发泡成型体的厚度,无需再制备新的模具,以及该微波穿透部分11压置于该发泡材料上使成型效果更稳定与更均匀的效果。
另外,本发明上述的第三较佳实施例,当该微波穿透部分11外表面与该电磁加热部分13的内表面有搭配的螺纹结构(111,131)时,较佳是搭配使用该中盖12,且该中盖12装置于该电磁加热部分13后不会与该微波穿透部分11连动旋转,因此可以成型为非圆形或其他非对称结构,且可通过该微波穿透部分11旋转下压的程度来调控受热均匀性与成型效果。
进一步地,本发明该电磁加热部分13可装设有温度监控设备,可于制程中实时监控加热温度。
其中,该模具10的该微波穿透部分11与该电磁加热部分13的凹凸配合设计可通过CNC加工成型、雷射加工成型、铸造成型、冲压成型、翻砂成型、翻模成型、快速成型、热压成型、射出成型或3D打印成型等加工方式制备。该凹凸配合设计可与该模具10的该微波穿透部分11与该电磁加热部分13直接或间接结合,直接结合系指通过上述加工成型技术直接于该微波穿透部分11(或可称上盖)、该中盖或该电磁加热部分13(或可称下盖)加工成型凹凸设计,该发泡材料通过该凹凸配合设计成型为发泡体;而间接结合系指该模具10间接与该凹凸设计结合,再通过电磁与微波复合式加热方式,将凹凸设计与该发泡材料成型为该发泡体(嵌入成型)。
另外,对应上述制程,本发明使用的该发泡材料基本可分为三种,其一是加入该模具10前无发泡过的状态,其二则是进入该模具10前未完全发泡或微发泡的状态,其三则是进入该模具10前已发泡的状态。所谓无发泡过的状态是指该发泡材料在通过微波电磁发泡制程前的混练步骤并无发泡产生;而未完全发泡或则系该发泡材料在通过微波电磁发泡制程前的混练步骤已有发泡产生,但发泡未完全(微发泡),例如发泡剂未完全反应或添加两种以上高低温发泡剂,此种发泡材料可以是小颗粒的微发泡体状态呈现;而已发泡则系该发泡材料在通过微波电磁发泡成型制程前已有发泡产生,例如以高压流体为物理发泡剂,通过连续熔融压出造粒/板材、高压流体浸渍、溶解平衡、一次加热发泡、二次加热发泡、载压处理等技术产生发泡材料,例如较佳的可以是通过如超临界流体发泡形成发泡珠粒,或是发泡热塑性聚氨酯(E-TPU),而型态较佳可为珠粒、板材、条状、星型或其他不规则型态。
经过本发明微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程处理后的该发泡成型体则可分为连续发泡结构与非连续发泡结构,所谓的连续发泡结构指得是由无发泡过的该发泡材料加入该模具10中进行发泡,所得的该发泡成型体的发泡结构连续;而所谓的非连续发泡结构则是指使用上述未完全发泡/微发泡以及已完全发泡的该发泡材料,利用本发明所提供的微波电磁发泡成型制程完成该发泡成型体,使未完全发泡的该发泡材料能再次发泡成型或已发泡的该发泡材料相互黏合得到该发泡成型体,但该发泡成型体的各个发泡结构间主要是黏合结合的关系,并非连续性的发泡结构。
进一步地,该发泡材料包含:一热塑性塑料材料99.98份以下(或较佳99份以下)、一发泡剂0.1-30份以及一微波及/或电磁能吸收剂0.01-20份。
较佳地,该发泡材料可再同时或各别包含一架桥剂0.1-10份、一微波吸收促进剂0.01-20份及/或一功能添加剂0.01-20份,此时的热塑性塑料材料为99.77份以下(或较佳99份以下),而该发泡剂与微波及/或电磁能吸收剂的含量不变。上述比例中所谓份可以是重量百分比wt%。
该热塑性塑料材料包含结晶性或非结晶性的液态类或固态类材料及其共聚物,例如聚酯热塑性树脂、动态交联热塑性树脂、聚苯乙烯系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、橡胶、含硅树脂、含氟树脂、聚碳酸醇酯类或生物可分解树脂;较佳地可以是聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、酚醛树脂(PF)、脲醛树脂(UF)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、乙烯-丙烯橡胶(EPM)、三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)、聚烯烃系弹性体(TPO)、热塑性硫化胶(TPV)、热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚异氰尿酸酯(PIR)、聚酰胺树脂(PA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙烯酯(PET)、聚乳酸(PLA)、戊酸酯共聚物(PHBV)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、三聚氰胺(Melamine)、聚酯多元醇(PolyesterPolyol,可例如聚酯二元醇(Polyester Diol))、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚甘醇酸、聚3-羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物(P3HB)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、环氧树脂(Epoxy)、聚碳酸丁二醇酯、液态硅橡胶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯(PETG)或对苯二甲酸/1,4-环己烷二甲醇/2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二醇共聚物(Tritan Copolyester)。
而该发泡剂包含物理发泡剂、化学发泡剂或物理化学复合发泡剂(即物理与化学发泡剂搭配使用),该物理发泡剂可以是膨胀性微球(发泡微球)、中空微球(例如玻璃空心微球、陶瓷空心微球或酚醛空心微球等)、粉体(例如玻璃纤维或碳纤维等粉体)、气体或液体的物理发泡成分,该气体物理发泡成分包含戊烷、己烷、庚烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、丁烷、异庚烷、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气、氦气、氧气、氖气、空气等,该液体物理发泡包含脂肪羟类、低沸点(<300度)的醇、酯、醚、酮、芳香羟类、氟氯烃类、烃类(例如氢氟烯烃类)、氢氟氯碳化物、氢氟碳化物、卤化碳类、全氟丙烷类、石油醚等,如乙醇、甲醚、乙醚、甲乙醚、甲苯、丙酮、氟氯甲烷、三氟甲烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、氯甲烷、氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、次氟酸、环己烷、环戊烷等;该化学发泡剂则可包含无机类的碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、亚硝酸铵、硼氢化钾、硼氢化纳、过氧化氢等,或是有机类的偶氮二甲酰胺(Azodicarbonamide,AC)、偶氮二异丁腈(Azobisisobutyronitrile,AIBN)、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯(Diisopropyl Azodicarboxylate,DIPA)、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四铵(N,N’-Dinitroso Pentamethylene Tetramine,DPT或DNPT)、对甲苯磺酰肼(P-Toluene SulfonylHydrazide,TSH)、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼(4,4'-Oxydibenzenesulfonyl Hydrazide,OBSH)、苯磺酸酰肼(Benzenesulfonyl Hydrazide,BSH)、三肼基均三嗪Trihydrazine Triazine,THT)、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲(P-Toluenesulfonyl Semicarbazide,泡剂K)、偶氮二异庚腈(2,2'-Azobis(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile,ABVN)、硫酸肼类、偶氮腈化物、偶氮羟酸衍生物、苯磺肼化合物、亚硝基化合物、重氮基苯化合物、尿素等化合物及其共聚物。
该架桥剂可选择性地添加一种或两种以上的架桥剂,该架桥剂的种类包含过氧化二异丙苯(dicumyl peroxide,DCP)、2,5-二甲-2,5-二(三级丁过氧)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl peroxy)-hexane,商品名为L-101)、过氧化苯甲酰(BenzoylPeroxide,BPO)、二叔丁基过氧化物(tert-butylperoxide,TBP)、2,5-二甲基-2-羟基-5-叔-丁基过氧-3-己炔(2,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl peroxy-3-hexyne,商品名为OP-2)、三烯丙基异氰酸酯(triallyl isocyanurate,TAIC)、二叔丁基过氧化物(Di-tert-butyl peroxide,DTBP)、丙烯酸(acrylic acid,AA)、过氧化二乙酰(Diacetylperoxide)、过氧2-甲基丙酸三级丁酯(tert-butyl peroxypivalate,DTBP);三级丁基过氧异丙苯(tert-Butyl peroxyisopropylbenzene)1,1-二贰(三级丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷(1,1-Di-(tert-butyl peroxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane)、2,5-二甲-2,5-二(三级丁过氧)己烷(2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane)、4,4-二(叔丁基过氧化)戊酸正丁酯(butyl 4,4-bis(tert-butyldioxy)valerate)、过氧化双(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)(bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)peroxide)、双(4-甲基苯甲酰基)过氧化物Bis(4-methylbenzoyl)peroxide、1,4-贰(2-三级丁基过氧异丙基)苯(1,4-Di-(2-tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene)、过氧苯甲酸三级丁酯(tert-Butyl Peroxybenzoate)、3,5,5-三甲基过氧己酸三级丁基酯(tert-Butyl3,5,5-trimethylperoxyhexanoate)、2-乙基己基叔丁基过氧化碳酸酯(tert-Butyl peroxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate)、三氧杂环庚烷化合物、3,3,5,7,7-五甲基-1,2,4-三氧杂环庚烷(3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl-1,2,4-trioxepane)、过氧化月桂酰基(lauroyl peroxide)、贰(4-三级丁基环己基)过氧二碳(Di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)peroxydicarbonate)、过氧化二(十六烷基)二碳酸酯(Dicetylperoxydicarbonate)、过氧化二碳酸双十四烷基酯(Dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate)、过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯(tert-Amyl peroxypivalate)、过氧化二碳酸二-3-甲氧基丁酯(Peroxydicarbonic acid)、过氧化二异丁酰(diisobutyryl peroxide)、过氧新癸酸三级丁酯(tert-Butyl peroxyneodecanoate)、过氧化新庚酸叔丁酯(tert-Butylperoxyneoheptanoate)、双(3,5,5-三甲基己酰)过氧化物(Di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl)peroxide)、过氧化新癸烷酸-2,4,4-三甲基戊基酯(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutylperoxyneodecanoate)、过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯(Cumyl peroxyneodecanoate)、过氧二碳酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(Di(2-ethylhexyl)peroxydicarbonate)、过氧二碳酸双(异丙)酯(Bisisopropyl peroxydicarbonate)、1,1-贰(三级丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基(1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane)、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)(2,2'-Azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile))、过氧化癸酰基(decanoyl peroxide)、1,3-双(三级丁基过氧异丙基)苯(1,3-Bis(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene)、1,4-双(三级丁过氧异丙基)苯(1,4-bis(tert-butylperoxy-isopropyl)benzene)、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二-(2-乙基己酰过氧)己烷(2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane)、过氧化(2-乙基己基)碳酸叔戊酯(tert-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate)、过氧化三级丁醇(tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide)、3,5-二异丙苯过氧化氢(3,5-DiisopropylbenzeneHydroperoxide)、顺丁烯二酸酐(melaic anhydride,MAH)等过氧化物及其化合物。
其中,本发明上述未完全发泡/微发泡或已完全发泡的物理或化学发泡材料,在未添加该架桥剂情况下,可单独或搭配使用化学发泡剂、物理发泡剂、发泡微球或发泡珠粒,通过电磁与微波复合式加热成型为非连续或连续发泡体结构。
该微波及/或电磁能吸收剂的功用在于使该发泡材料具有吸收微波及/或电磁能的特性,可包含一种或一种以上的以下材料混用,具有较佳微波吸收特性:氮化物、氧化物、碳化物、石墨烯、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、纤维素奈米晶等,该氮化物较佳包含氮化硼、氮化硅、氮化钒、氮化钛、氮化镓或氮化铝,该氧化物较佳包含氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化铁、氧化硅、氧化钛或氧化铜,该碳化物包含碳化硅、碳化钒、碳化钛、碳化硼、碳化铌、碳化钼、碳化钽、碳化铬、碳化铪、碳化锆、碳化钨、碳纤维或奈米碳管;具有较佳电磁能吸收导热特性:该奈米单质粉包含奈米石墨粉、奈米钼粉、奈米硅粉、奈米钛粉、奈米钴粉、奈米铋粉、奈米金粉、奈米银粉、奈米铜粉、奈米铝粉、奈米锌粉、奈米锡粉、奈米镍粉、奈米铁粉或奈米钨粉。
该微波吸收促进剂的功用是进一步促进该发泡材料吸收微波的特性,其使用方法属于外添加于该发泡材料,能促进微波加热的均匀度(而上述的热塑性塑料材料、发泡剂(微球、发泡剂)、微波/电磁能吸收剂、架桥剂、功能添加剂属于内添加的成分);较佳地,该微波吸收促进剂特别适用于上述未完全发泡/微发泡或是完全发泡的发泡材料,通过该微波吸收促进剂附着于其表面,达到促进微波吸收的效果。微波照射的反应机制,简单来说是因为偶极极化与离子传导在微波场作用下,偶极或离子无法匹配电场(或磁场)震荡变换所引起的分子摩擦或介电损失而导致发热。因此,可离子化材料,如接口活性剂或盐类,在微波或电磁场作用下,可离子化材料能有效提升加热效率与热传导。就微观层面来看,可离子化材料能均匀吸附在发泡材料上,并排除吸附在发泡材料表面的空气,降低发泡材料粒子间因空气而产生的空隙,改善发泡结构的黏合结合的关系,并有效提升热传导与升温速率。而本发明所述的该微波吸收促进剂较佳是具有极性或含有极性物质的液剂型态,或也可是可解离/可离子化的液剂,例如可以包含水、接口活性剂、盐类、有机酸、有机醇等单独使用或上述材质复合使用。该接口活性剂包含阳离子型接口活性剂、阴离子型界面活性剂、两性型接口活性剂以及非离子型接口活性剂(其中,该非离子型接口活性剂于虽不解离,但有助于离子化材料更稳定均匀吸附在发泡材料上),而该界面活性剂的熔点低,可在吸收微波/电磁能后使该发泡材料表面快速升温,进而达到使该发泡材料间相互黏结的效果。该有机酸、有机醇较佳碳链数小于6个(含)。该盐类较佳是金属离子与铵根离子、酸根离子或非金属离子结合的化合物。该微波吸收促进剂具有良好的微波吸收特性,同时具有优异的导热性。依据制程的温度高低可对应选用高沸点或低沸点的极性液体,当制程温度较高时,选用沸点较高的极性液体,反之则选用沸点较低的极性液体。该微波吸收促进剂可以改善较高熔点的发泡珠粒在成型时难以稳定成型的问题,提升发泡珠粒间黏结力并避免碎裂或强度不足等问题发生。
该功能添加剂则依据功能的选择可包含增塑剂、润滑剂、接口活性剂、气泡调整剂、阻燃剂、偶联剂、增强剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、着色剂、加工改性剂、抗冲击改质剂、无机粉体或填料粉体。该增塑剂较佳包含:苯甲酸酯(如苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸乙酯、二苯甲酸二丙二醇酯及其衍生物)、酯类化合物(如柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三甲酯、柠檬酸乙酰基三乙酯及其衍生物)、醚类化合物(如己二酸醚酯、乙二醇丁醚酯及其衍生物)、聚己内酯类化合物(如聚己内酯二醇及其衍生物)或碳酸酯类化合物(如聚碳酸甲酯、聚碳酸苯酯及其衍生物);该接口活性剂包含阴离子型接口活性剂、阳离子型界面活性剂、非离子型界面活性剂、两性型界面活性剂;该气泡调整剂包含硼酸锌、硼砂、磷酸系成核剂、苯酚系成核剂、胺系成核剂、聚氟乙烯系树脂粉体;该无机粉体包含滑石粉、碳酸钙、高岭土、沸石、云母粉、硫代硫酸钠;该填料粉体包含有机微球、无机微球、金属粒子、金属氧化物微球,可达到本发明发泡成形体中塑料减量与轻量化的效果,也可提升发泡成形体的物理强度,例如提升耐磨性。其中,上述的微球型态可以是实心或是中空微球(可达到轻量化的效果);该有机微球包含聚酯微球、聚偏二氯乙烯微球、丙烯酸类树酯微球、酚醛类树酯微球、聚乳酸微球、聚苯乙烯微球、环氧树酯微球、聚苯胺微球、聚酰胺微球、三聚氰胺/甲醛微球;该无机微球包含玻璃微球、陶瓷微球、二氧化硅微球、碳微球、碳酸钙微球、石墨烯微球;该金属粒子包含镁、铝、锆、钙、钛、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锗、钼、银、铟、锡、钨、铱、铂、铁或金粒子等;该金属氧化物微球包含氧化铝微球;上述的微球可单独使用亦可组合使用。另外,该微球的表面可施用各种的表面处理来增加混合均匀性,例如使用聚硅氧烷类化合物或含氟化合物进行降低低表面张力处理等。
请参考以下表1,其为本发明二较佳实施例,系用EVA或PE作为该热塑性塑料材料的实施范例。
表1
上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用以限定本发明主张的权利范围,凡其它未脱离本发明所揭示的精神所完成的等效改变或修饰,均应包含在本发明的申请专利范围内。
Claims (26)
1.一种微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其特征在于,其步骤包含:
加入一发泡材料于一模具中;
于常压或低压状态,同时施加一微波与一电磁能于该模具;
该微波与该电磁能使该发泡材料发泡为一发泡成型体,该发泡成型体包含连续发泡结构或非连续发泡结构;其中:
该模具包含一微波穿透部分与一电磁加热部分,该微波穿透部分与该电磁加热部分对应面呈现凹凸配合,使该模具中形成封闭的一容置空间;以及该微波施加于该微波穿透部分,该电磁能施加于该电磁加热部分。
2.如权利要求1所述的微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其特征在于:
该微波的频率范围较佳介于100MHz-3000GHz;以及
该电磁能的功率范围较佳介于1W~2000KW。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其特征在于:该发泡材料加入该模具中时包含未发泡、微发泡或已发泡状态。
4.如权利要求3所述的微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其特征在于,该发泡材料的已发泡状态为珠粒、板材、条状、星型或不规则型态。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其特征在于,该发泡材料的该未发泡为连续发泡结构;以及该已发泡状态或微发泡状态为非连续发泡结构。
6.如权利要求3或4所述的微波电磁加热的发泡成型制程,其特征在于,该模具的该微波穿透部分于该微波与该电磁施加的同时,进一步施予一来自于气动、电动或油压式的机械外力,使其与该电磁加热部分紧密盖合。
7.一种微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,其包含:
一微波穿透部分,其底部外凸;以及
一电磁加热部分,其顶部内凹,并与该微波穿透部分凹凸配合而形成一容置空间。
8.如权利要求7所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,该微波穿透部分与该电磁加热部分进一步包含一中盖,该中盖底部外凸并与该电磁加热部分的顶部呈现凹凸配合形成该容置空间。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,该电磁加热部分进一步包含一温度监控装置。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,该微波加热部分为塑料材质,以及该电磁加热部分为金属材质。
11.如权利要求7所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,该微波加热部分的外表面以及该电磁加热部分的内表面有对应的螺纹结构,使该微波加热部分可旋转盖合于该电磁加热部分。
12.如权利要求8所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,该微波加热部分的外表面以及该电磁加热部分的内表面有对应的螺纹结构,使该微波加热部分可旋转盖合于该电磁加热部分。
13.如权利要求12所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡成型模具,其特征在于,该中盖不随该微波加热部分旋转。
14.一种微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,其包含一热塑性塑料材料99.98份以下、一发泡剂0.1-30份以及一微波及/或电磁能吸收剂0.01-20份。
15.如权利要求14所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该发泡材料进一步包含一架桥剂0.1-10份、一微波吸收促进剂0.01-20份与一功能添加剂0.01-20份,此时该热塑性塑料材料为99.77份以下该发泡剂0.1-30份以及该微波及/或电磁能吸收剂0.01-20份;以及该微波吸收促进剂附着于该发泡材料表面,该发泡材料为未完全发泡或已发泡的材料。
16.如权利要求14或15所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该热塑性塑料材料包含结晶性或非结晶性的液态类或固态类材料及其共聚物;以及该热塑性塑料材料包含聚酯热塑性树脂、动态交联热塑性树脂、聚苯乙烯系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、橡胶、含硅树脂、含氟树脂、聚碳酸醇酯类或生物可分解树脂。
17.如权利要求16所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该热塑性塑料材料包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、酚醛树脂、脲醛树脂、聚乙烯醇、乙烯-丙烯橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶、聚烯烃系弹性体、热塑性硫化胶、热塑性聚酯弹性体、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、热塑性聚氨酯、聚氨酯、聚异氰尿酸酯、聚酰胺树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙烯酯、聚乳酸、戊酸酯共聚物、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、三聚氰胺、聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯、聚甘醇酸、聚3-羟基丁酸/戊酸酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、环氧树脂、聚碳酸丁二醇酯、液态硅橡胶、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯或对苯二甲酸/1,4-环己烷二甲醇/2,2,4,4-四甲基-1,3-环丁二醇共聚物。
18.如权利要求14或15所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该发泡剂包含物理发泡剂、化学发泡剂或物理化学复合发泡剂。
19.如权利要求18所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于:
该物理发泡剂包含膨胀性微球、中空微球、粉体、气体或液体;以及
该化学发泡剂包含碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、亚硝酸铵、硼氢化钾、硼氢化纳、过氧化氢、偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、N,N’-二亚硝基五次甲基四铵、对甲苯磺酰肼、4,4’-氧代双苯磺酰肼、苯磺酸酰肼、三肼基均三嗪、对甲苯磺酰氨基脲、偶氮二异庚腈、硫酸肼类、偶氮腈化物、偶氮羟酸衍生物、苯磺肼化合物、亚硝基化合物、重氮基苯化合物、尿素等化合物及其共聚物。
20.如权利要求19所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该物理发泡剂中的该气体包含戊烷、己烷、庚烷、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、丁烷、异庚烷、氮气、二氧化碳、氩气、氦气、氧气、氖气、空气;以及该物理发泡剂中的该液体包含脂肪羟类、低沸点小于300度的醇、酯、醚、酮、芳香羟类、氟氯烃类、烃类、氢氟氯碳化物、氢氟碳化物、卤化碳类、全氟丙烷类、石油醚等,如乙醇、甲醚、乙醚、甲乙醚、甲苯、丙酮、氟氯甲烷、三氟甲烷、1,1-二氟乙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、氯甲烷、氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、次氟酸、环己烷、环戊烷。
21.如权利要求14或15所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该架桥剂包含过氧化二异丙苯、2,5-二甲-2,5-二(三级丁过氧)己烷、过氧化苯甲酰、二叔丁基过氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2-羟基-5-叔-丁基过氧-3-己炔、三烯丙基异氰酸酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、丙烯酸、过氧化二乙酰、过氧2-甲基丙酸三级丁酯;、三级丁基过氧异丙苯、1,1-贰(三级丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、2,5-二甲-2,5-二(三级丁过氧)己烷、4,4-二(叔丁基过氧化)戊酸正丁酯、过氧化双(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)、双(4-甲基苯甲酰基)过氧化物、1,4-贰(2-三级丁基过氧异丙基)苯、过氧苯甲酸三级丁酯、3,5,5-三甲基过氧己酸三级丁基酯、2-乙基己基叔丁基过氧化碳酸酯、三氧杂环庚烷化合物、3,3,5,7,7-五甲基-1,2,4-三氧杂环庚烷、过氧化月桂酰基、贰(4-三级丁基环己基)过氧二碳、过氧化二(十六烷基)二碳酸酯、过氧化二碳酸双十四烷基酯、过氧化新戊酸叔戊酯、过氧化二碳酸二-3-甲氧基丁酯、过氧化二异丁酰、过氧新癸酸三级丁酯、过氧化新庚酸叔丁酯、双(3,5,5-三甲基己酰)过氧化物、过氧化新癸烷酸-2,4,4-三甲基戊基酯、过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯、过氧二碳酸双(2-乙基己基)酯、过氧二碳酸双(异丙)酯、1,1-贰(三级丁基过氧)-3,3,5-三甲基、2,2'-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈、过氧化癸酰基、1,3-双(三级丁基过氧异丙基)苯、1,4-双(三级丁过氧异丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二-(2-乙基己酰过氧)己烷、过氧化(2-乙基己基)碳酸叔戊酯、过氧化三级丁醇、3,5-二异丙苯过氧化氢、顺丁烯二酸酐及其化合物。
22.如权利要求14或15所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该微波及/或电磁能吸收剂包含氮化物、氧化物、碳化物、石墨烯、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或纤维素奈米晶用以吸收微波,奈米单质粉、石墨以吸收电磁热能;以及该微波吸收促进剂为具有极性或可解离的液剂。
23.如权利要求22所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于:
氮化物包含氮化硼、氮化硅、氮化钒、氮化钛、氮化镓或氮化铝;
该奈米单质粉包含奈米石墨粉、奈米钼粉、奈米硅粉、奈米钛粉、奈米钴粉、奈米铋粉、奈米金粉、奈米银粉、奈米铜粉、奈米铝粉、奈米锌粉、奈米锡粉、奈米镍粉、奈米铁粉或奈米钨粉;
该氧化物包含氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化铁、氧化硅、氧化钛或氧化铜;
该碳化物包含碳化硅、碳化钒、碳化钛、碳化硼、碳化铌、碳化钼、碳化钽、碳化铬、碳化铪、碳化锆、碳化钨、碳纤维或奈米碳管;以及
该具有极性或可解离的液剂包含水、接口活性剂、盐类、有机酸、有机醇或上述材质的复合物。
24.如权利要求15所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于,该功能添加剂包含增塑剂、润滑剂、接口活性剂、气泡调整剂、阻燃剂、偶联剂、增强剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、着色剂、加工改性剂、抗冲击改质剂、无机粉体或填料粉体。
25.如权利要求24所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于:
该增塑剂包含苯甲酸酯、酯类化合物、醚类化合物、聚己内酯类化合物或碳酸酯类化合物;
该接口活性剂包含阴离子型接口活性剂、阳离子型界面活性剂、非离子型界面活性剂或两性型界面活性剂;
该该气泡调整剂包含硼酸锌、硼砂、磷酸系成核剂、苯酚系成核剂、胺系成核剂或聚氟乙烯系树脂粉体;
该无机粉体包含滑石粉、碳酸钙、高岭土、沸石、云母粉或硫代硫酸钠;以及
该填料粉体包含有机实心或中空微球、无机实心或中空微球、金属粒子或金属氧化物实心或中空微球。
26.如权利要求25所述的微波电磁加热适用的发泡材料,其特征在于:
该有机微球包含聚酯微球、聚偏二氯乙烯微球、丙烯酸类树酯微球、酚醛类树酯微球、聚乳酸微球、聚苯乙烯微球、环氧树酯微球、聚苯胺微球、聚酰胺微球或三聚氰胺/甲醛微球;
该无机微球包含玻璃微球、陶瓷微球、二氧化硅微球、碳微球、碳酸钙微球或石墨烯微球;
该金属粒子包含镁、铝、锆、钙、钛、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锗、钼、银、铟、锡、钨、铱、铂、铁或金粒子;以及
该金属氧化物微球包含氧化铝微球。
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