CN111793995B - 一种改进的羊毛织物染色方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改进的羊毛织物染色方法,包括以下步骤:S1:将羊毛织物浸渍于主要组成为还原剂、巯基多元酸、酸碱度调节剂和水的弱碱性预处理液中,升温并保温反应,取出羊毛织物并脱水烘干,然后浸轧氨基化明胶水溶液,预烘焙烘;S2:羊毛织物浸入酸性媒介染料的染液入染,升温至90~95℃保温染色,然后降温至65~75℃,加入媒染剂重铬酸钾溶液,然后再升温媒染;S2中染液的pH值为4~5.5。该改进的羊毛织物染色方法采用还原剂、氨基化凝胶预处理羊毛织物,能显著改善羊毛织物中羊毛纤维对酸性媒介染料的吸附上染性能,得色率、皂洗牢度和羊毛织物的抗毡缩性能均有提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及羊毛织物染色技术领域,具体涉及一种改进的羊毛织物染色方法。
背景技术
媒染的机制主要是以金属离子等媒染剂作为中心离子,与染料以及纤维上的配位基相配合形成配合物,利用金属离子在染料和纤维之间的桥梁作用,使得染料更好的上染。酸性媒介染料染色毛织物所用的媒染剂主要为重铬酸盐、铝盐、铜盐、钴盐。
现有技术中的酸性媒介染料羊毛染色方法如CN102206923A中所述的,包含对羊毛纤维进行染料上染、上染后的羊毛纤维进行媒染以及媒染后的羊毛纤维进行皂洗的步骤,采用重铬酸钾和还原剂亚硫酸氢钠组合作为媒染剂缓慢生成三价铬离子,重铬酸钾与羊毛纤维的质量比为(0.0025-0.0145):1。为了减少染液中铬离子的浓度,改进的技术方案还包括采用禽类毛蛋白粉末和阳离子交联改性剂WLS组成的整理剂整理羊毛,改性羊毛在酸性媒介染料染色过程中能提高染料的得色率和铬离子吸附量,进而减少染液废液中的铬含量。禽类毛蛋白粉末整理的缺陷在于:染色吸附时,羊毛织物纤维上容易脱落肽链或者蛋白质,游离的脱落物质与染料发生结合,或者与铬离子发生配位,均不利于得色率的提高。如何在确保得色率的同时,提高铬离子的利用率,降低废水中的铬离子含量,是染整领域亟待解决的技术问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于克服现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供一种改进的羊毛织物染色方法,通过在羊毛织物的纤维表面引入氨基化明胶,不仅增加纤维表面氨基等极性基团,酸性条件下氨基化明胶的正电荷还有助于增加染料与纤维之间的吸附力。
为了实现上述技术效果,本发明的技术方案为:一种改进的羊毛织物染色方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将羊毛织物浸渍于主要组成为还原剂、巯基多元酸、酸碱度调节剂和水的弱碱性预处理液中,升温并保温反应,取出羊毛织物并脱水烘干,然后浸轧氨基化明胶水溶液,预烘焙烘;
S2:羊毛织物浸入酸性媒介染料的染液入染,升温至90~95℃保温染色,然后降温至65~75℃,加入媒染剂重铬酸钾溶液,然后再升温媒染;
所述S2中染液的pH值为4~5.5。
还原剂能破坏羊毛鳞片层的二硫键,并产生活泼巯基,活泼巯基与巯基多元酸发生缩水或者巯基重建反应,并在羊毛纤维表面引入更多的羧基,便于氨基化明胶在纤维表面成膜。氨基化明胶的等电点大于7,因此在上染和媒染的酸性条件下带正电荷,增大纤维与染料之间的作用力。氨基化明胶的整理液能改善羊毛织物的毡缩性能。
还原剂的选择范围包括亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、巯基乙醇等,亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠与二硫键反应生成等摩尔的半胱氨酸残基。
优选的技术方案为,所述还原剂为巯基乙醇和/或二硫苏糖醇。巯基乙醇不仅能打开二硫键,还能与巯基多元酸反应。
优选的技术方案为,所述巯基多元酸为选自2,3-二巯基丙二酸、巯基丁二酸、2,3-二巯基丁二酸中的至少一种。
优选的技术方案为,以羊毛织物的质量为基准,所述还原剂的用量为7~13%o.w.f.,所述巯基多元酸的用量为0.2~2%o.w.f.,所述S1中的保温温度为55~70℃,反应时间为2~5h。
优选的技术方案为,所述氨基化明胶水溶液中氨基化明胶的浓度为1~3g/L。氨基化明胶的量过大会导致羊毛织物增质量过大,手感发硬,而由于经过还原剂处理的羊毛纤维表面亲水基团增加,氨基化明胶的加入量过小则对于提高得色率的改善程度不明显。
优选的技术方案为,所述焙烘温度为125~135℃,焙烘时间为1.5~3min。优选的焙烘温度下羊毛纤维、巯基多元酸和氨基化凝胶之间的反应充分。
优选的技术方案为,以羊毛织物的质量为基准,所述酸性媒介染料的用量为1.4~2.2%o.w.f.,所述重铬酸钾溶液中的重铬酸钾与染料的质量之比为(20~30):100。
优选的技术方案为,所述弱碱性预处理液的pH值为8~9。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
该改进的羊毛织物染色方法采用还原剂、氨基化凝胶预处理羊毛织物,能显著改善羊毛织物中羊毛纤维对酸性媒介染料的吸附上染性能,得色率、皂洗牢度和羊毛织物的抗毡缩性能均有提高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
对全毛哔叽媒染染色,面料来源:江苏阳光集团;
亚硫酸钠、巯基乙醇、2,3-二巯基丙二酸、巯基丁二酸、酸碱度调节剂乙酸钠、重铬酸钾均为化学纯。酸性媒介染料为媒介红S-80,羟乙基磺酸钠为市售,含量98%以上。
氨基化明胶的制备方法:氨基化明胶由明胶与乙二胺在水溶性碳二亚胺存在的条件下,经酰胺化反应制得。具体的,明胶溶解于磷酸缓冲溶液中,5%的明胶磷酸缓冲溶液中加入明胶干重3倍的乙二胺,再用盐酸溶液调节缓冲溶液的pH值为5,然后加入占明胶干重40%的1-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐,30~40℃下反应20h,混合液透析,冷冻干燥。
实施例1
实施例1改进的羊毛织物染色方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将亚硫酸钠、巯基丁二酸溶解于水中,用乙酸钠调节弱碱性预处理液的pH值至8.5,制得弱碱性预处理液;将羊毛织物浸渍于预处理液中,以羊毛织物的质量为基准,亚硫酸钠的用量为8%o.w.f.,巯基丁二酸的用量为1.5%o.w.f.,升温至63~65℃并保温反应3h,取出羊毛织物并脱水烘干,然后浸入3g/L的氨基化明胶水溶液中,两浸两轧,轧液率80%,预烘至干燥,125℃下焙烘2min;
S2:将S1所得羊毛织物浸入酸性媒介染料的染液50℃入染,升温至90~95℃保温染色30min,然后降温至70℃,加入媒染剂重铬酸钾溶液,然后再升温至90℃媒染1h,降温冷却,经过皂洗水洗,得到染色羊毛织物;
S3:100℃饱和蒸汽汽蒸20min固色。
以羊毛织物的质量为基准,S2中染液中酸性媒介染料的用量为2%o.w.f.,pH值用醋酸调节至4.5,重铬酸钾溶液中的重铬酸钾与染料的质量之比为25:100,即以羊毛织物的质量为基准,S2中染液中酸性媒介染料的用量为0.5%o.w.f.。
实施例2-3
实施例2和3基于实施例1,区别在于:实施例2中采用等质量的巯基乙醇替代实施例1中的亚硫酸钠;实施例3中采用等质量的2,3-二巯基丙二酸替代实施例1中的巯基丁二酸。实施例2和实施例3中预处理液的pH值为9。
实施例4-5
实施例4和5基于实施例1,区别在于:实施例4中S1中的保温温度为55℃,反应时间为5h;实施例5中氨基化明胶水溶液中氨基化明胶的浓度为0.75g/L。
实施例6
实施例6基于实施例1,区别在于焙烘温度为115℃,焙烘时间为3min。
实施例7-8
实施例7和8基于实施例1,区别在于,实施例7中以羊毛织物的质量为基准,酸性媒介染料的用量为1.4%o.w.f.,重铬酸钾溶液中的重铬酸钾与染料的质量之比为35:100;实施例8中酸性媒介染料的用量为2.5%o.w.f.,重铬酸钾溶液中的重铬酸钾与染料的质量之比为20:100。
对比例
对比例1基于实施例1,区别在于,不包含S1的羊毛织物还原和浸轧氨基化明胶的操作,经包含S2和S4步骤。
对比例2基于实施例1,区别在于,直接将羊毛织物浸轧氨基化明胶、染色和固色,不包含还原处理。
实施例和对比例所得试样经过以下检测:
1、表观色深K/S值:采用DATACOLOR SF600型电脑测色配色仪在D65光源和10°观察角下对羊毛织物进行测试,在织物上选取5个不同位置进行测试并取平均值,得K/S值;
2、皂洗牢度按照国标GB/T3921-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》测定。
实施例1-8和对比例1-2的试样色深K/S值分别为:25.47、26.02、25.73、24.93、22.89、25.58、21.34、26.31、21.07、25.39。在可见光范围内,预处理和氨基化明胶均有助于提高羊毛织物的得色率。
实施例1-8和对比例1-2的试样皂洗牢度级别检测结果分别为:
变色:实施例1-5和7-8均为4级,实施例6和对比例1、2为3-4级;
毛沾:实施例1-8和对比例1均为4级,实施例6和对比例2为3-4级;
棉沾:实施例和对比例均为4级。
对照实施例和对比例,经过氨基化明胶整理的羊毛织物得色率高于未经氨基化明胶整理的对比例1试样,但是焙烘温度以及是否经过还原处理影响羊毛织物的皂洗牢度,特别是变色牢度和毛沾牢度。
采用媒介深黄GG染色羊毛织物,色深K/S值以及变色牢度的变化趋势同媒介红S-80,预处理和媒染促进剂对于棉沾牢度的影响较小。另外,采用亚硫酸氢钠替代亚硫酸钠作为羊毛织物的还原剂,或者二硫苏糖醇替代巯基乙醇,对氨基化明胶在纤维表面成膜以及羊毛织物的皂洗牢度影响不大。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:将羊毛织物浸渍于主要组成为还原剂、巯基多元酸、酸碱度调节剂和水的弱碱性预处理液中,升温并保温反应,取出羊毛织物并脱水烘干,然后浸轧氨基化明胶水溶液,预烘焙烘;
S2:羊毛织物浸入酸性媒介染料的染液入染,升温至90~95℃保温染色,然后降温至65~75℃,加入媒染剂重铬酸钾溶液,然后再升温媒染;
所述S2中染液的pH值为4~5.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂为巯基乙醇和/或二硫苏糖醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,所述巯基多元酸为选自2,3-二巯基丙二酸、巯基丁二酸、2,3-二巯基丁二酸中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,以羊毛织物的质量为基准,所述还原剂的用量为7~13%o.w.f.,所述巯基多元酸的用量为0.2~2%o.w.f.,所述S1中的保温温度为55~70℃,反应时间为2~5h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,所述氨基化明胶水溶液中氨基化明胶的浓度为1~3g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,所述焙烘温度为125~135℃,焙烘时间为1.5~3min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,以羊毛织物的质量为基准,所述酸性媒介染料的用量为1.4~2.2%o.w.f.,所述重铬酸钾溶液中的重铬酸钾与染料的质量之比为(20~30):100。
8.根据权利要求1所述的改进的羊毛织物染色方法,其特征在于,所述弱碱性预处理液的pH值为8~9。
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