CN111771661A - Method for prolonging blooming duration of Chinese orchid and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for prolonging blooming duration of Chinese orchid and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111771661A CN111771661A CN202010693048.0A CN202010693048A CN111771661A CN 111771661 A CN111771661 A CN 111771661A CN 202010693048 A CN202010693048 A CN 202010693048A CN 111771661 A CN111771661 A CN 111771661A
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- fertilizer
- cymbidium
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- silver thiosulfate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for prolonging the blooming duration of Chinese orchid and application thereof. Controlling the environment in the cymbidium orchid greenhouse by 30-60 days before the full-bloom stage, selecting the cymbidium orchid in the boll-removing stage, and spraying the cymbidium orchid arrow and the leaf surface with a nutrient solution containing silver thiosulfate until the leaf tips drip water; after the treatment is finished, continuously spraying the fertilizer in the first reproductive period for 7-14 days until 1 month after the flowering period is finished; shading 30% every day, and watering once in 3-5 days according to the humidity of the weather and the matrix, wherein the illumination intensity in the shed is less than 60000 LUX. The method can prolong viewing time of Chinese orchid by more than 1 time, and is suitable for mass production of various floweries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for prolonging the flowering duration of Chinese orchid and application thereof.
Background
The Cymbidium refers to a part of domestic native species in Cymbidium (Cymbidium) of orchidae (Orchidaceae), and includes eight major species of Cymbidium goeringii, Cymbidium faberi, Cymbidium sinense, Cymbidium kanran, Cymbidium bicolor and the like. The Chinese lilac orchid is a variety with high ornamental value continuously bred in a long-term cultivation history, and the Wen Yashi gives the Chinese orchid a profound cultural connotation and is deeply loved by the Chinese. The black orchid and the sword-leaved cymbidium are the most industrialized species in the national orchid. The Moglan is also called as Wenlan and Baiyelan, and has the advantages of elegant flower appearance and leaf shape, faint fragrance of flowers, blooming in spring festival and the like; the cymbidium ensifolium is also called as Sijilan, the cymbidium ensifolium has a plurality of petal-shaped and leaf-art varieties with high ornamental value, the whole flowering phase span is large, multiple flowering in summer and autumn can be realized, but the single-branch flowering phase of the cymbidium ensifolium and the cymbidium ensifolium is shorter than that of tropical aerial orchids such as butterfly orchids, cattleya hybrida and the like, and the full-bloom phase is only maintained for 10-15 days. The flowering period prolonging and fresh-keeping technology is applied to fresh cut flowers more, but is not reported in potted Chinese orchid. Therefore, the development of technology for prolonging the flowering period to maintain the flowering continuity and the ornamental value becomes an urgent need for popularization and industrial development of the national orchid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for prolonging the blooming duration of the national orchid.
The invention also aims to provide application of the method for prolonging the flowering duration of the national orchid.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for prolonging the flowering duration of the national orchid comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation management before treatment: controlling the internal environment of the cymbidium ensifolium greenhouse 30-60 days before the full-bloom stage regulation, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse in white day is 20-30 ℃, and the temperature at night is not lower than 10 ℃; the greenhouse adopts two layers of shading nets, wherein shading is 70% in summer and 30% in winter, the illumination intensity is less than 60000LUX, and the humidity is 70-80%; watering once in 3-5 days in summer, and sprinkling water in the air in the morning and evening to improve the humidity in the shed; controlling watering in autumn and winter, and watering once in 7-10 days; the fertilizer is converted from a fertilizer in a vegetative growth period to a fertilizer in a reproductive growth period;
(2) and (3) prolonging full-bloom stage:
after 30-60 days of treatment in the step (1), selecting the Chinese orchid in the ring-removing period, and spraying nutrient solution containing Silver Thiosulfate (STS) on the flower arrows and leaf surfaces of the Chinese orchid until the leaf tips drip water; the nutrient solution containing silver thiosulfate comprises 1-1000 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 10-150 mg/L of vitamin E, 0.5-10 mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.05-0.5% of Tween-20;
after the treatment, continuously spraying a fertilizer in a once reproductive growth period for 7 to 14 days until 1 month after the florescence is finished; shading 30% every day, and watering once in 3-5 days according to the humidity of the weather and the matrix, wherein the illumination intensity in the shed is less than 60000 LUX.
The environment in step (1) is preferably controlled by a fan-water curtain circulation system.
The fertilizer in the vegetative growth phase in the step (1) is N: p: k is 20:20:20 fertilizer; more preferably, it is floridol No. 1.
The fertilizer in the reproductive growth period in the step (1) is N: p: k is 10:30: 20; more preferably, No. 2; most preferably No. 2 more than 2000-fold diluted flowers.
The application mode of the fertilizer in the reproductive period is foliar spraying.
The step (1) also comprises an insect killing step.
The disinsection is preferably achieved by using pesticides.
The pesticide is preferably chlorothalonil and imidacloprid.
The deinsectization step specifically comprises the following steps: spraying 2000 times of chlorothalonil and imidacloprid solution every half month.
The dosage of the nutrient solution containing the silver thiosulfate in the step (2) is preferably 100-150 ml of spraying amount of each basin of Chinese orchid.
The components of the nutrient solution containing the silver thiosulfate in the step (2) preferably comprise 1-1000 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 10-150 mg/L of vitamin E, 2.5-10 mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.5% of Tween-20; more preferably 1-1000 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 10-150 mg/L of vitamin E, 2.5-10 mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.5% of Tween-20; most preferably comprises 100 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 75-100 mg/L of vitamin E, 7.5mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.5% of Tween-20.
And (3) the Silver Thiosulfate (STS) contained in the nutrient solution containing the STS in the step (2) is easily decomposed and loses efficacy when exposed to light, and the best effect is achieved when the nutrient solution is prepared.
The national orchid is preferably at least one of cymbidium and cymbidium.
The method for prolonging the flowering duration of the national orchid is applied to cultivation of the national orchid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the method effectively delays the decay period of the cymbidium ensifolium and the cymbidium sinense by applying the silver thiosulfate solution, and the flowering and viewing period of the cymbidium sinense is prolonged by more than 50 percent.
(2) The method adopts silver thiosulfate solution to treat potted Chinese orchid for the first time, and antioxidant vitamins, sodium selenite and surfactant Tween-20 are added to realize obvious synergism.
(3) The method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost and convenient implementation, and is particularly suitable for mass production of flowerpots of various scales.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1 the Cymbidium ensifolium cultivar "ferroossein" was used as the material and the treatment time was 5 months and 25 days in 2019.
Invention group
Step one, management of water and fertilizer before blooming
Taking Cymbidium ensifolium cultivated variety 'ferroossein' as a material, selecting 50 healthy and strong seedlings growing for two years (selected from a city-added base of environmental gardening research institute of agricultural science institute of Guangdong province), adjusting water and fertilizer nutrition conditions in the cultivation process from 2019, 5 and 25 months (which is the start time of water and fertilizer management before flowering), applying a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer, adjusting the plant growth rate from N: P: K: 20:20:20 (Huaduo No. 1, Everris) to N: P: K: 10:30:20 (Huaduo No. 2, Everris), diluting by about 2000 times, spraying on leaf surfaces, and spraying once a week. In summer, the water is poured once in 3-4 days, the water is sprayed once in the morning and at night to increase the air humidity, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%. Two layers of shading nets are adopted in the greenhouse, the shading is 70%, and the illumination intensity is less than 60000 LUX. The greenhouse conditions are controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and not lower than 10 ℃ at night, and the chlorothalonil and imidacloprid solution which are 2000 times of that of the imidacloprid are sprayed once in half a month.
Step two, applying silver thiosulfate solution to prolong the ornamental life of the cymbidium ensifolium
46 days after the first treatment (7/11/2019), plants in the boll-elimination stage were selected and formulated with Silver Thiosulfate (STS) and nutrient solution at concentrations as shown in Table 1. Each treatment group is prepared with 3L of solution, 30 pots of plant materials are treated, the leaf surfaces are sprayed until the leaf tips drip, and the solution is sprayed once. And then restoring the step 1 of normal water and fertilizer management before flowering.
TABLE 1
Table 2 shows the initial flowering phase, full-bloom phase, single-blossom phase and single-shoot flowering phase after the treatment. The early flowering phase refers to the time from the treatment in the second step to the complete blooming of the first flower, the full flowering phase refers to the time from 50% of flowers of the flowering branches treated in the second step, the single flowering phase refers to the time from the blooming of the first flower to the withering of the single plant, and the single flowering phase refers to the time from the blooming of the first flower to the withering of the last flower of the single branch. The different lower case letters in the table indicate that the inter-treatment differences were at a 0.05 significance level.
T0 is STS treatment, T1-T4 is STS mixed nutrient solution treatment, and ck is control group. Wherein the T3 has the best effect of delaying the decay of cymbidium ensifolium, and can prolong the flowering phase of a single flower by 2.83 days and the flowering phase of a single branch by 2.33 days. It can be seen that under the condition of the same STS content of T0 and T3, the addition of antioxidant vitamin E and sodium selenite to T3 has obvious additive effect, and the ornamental period of flowering branches is prolonged.
TABLE 2
Example 2 the cultivation of Cymbidium sinense "black ink of penguin" in Cymbidium was used as material, and the treatment time was 2018, 10 months and 8 days.
Invention group
Step one, management of water and fertilizer before blooming
Taking Cymbidium sinense cultivar 'penguin black ink' as a material, selecting 50 pots of two-year-old healthy and strong seedlings (selected from a city-added base of environmental gardening research institute of academy of agricultural sciences in Guangdong province), adjusting the water and fertilizer nutrition conditions in the cultivation process from 2018, 10 and 8 days (as the start time of water and fertilizer management before flowering), applying a high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer, adjusting the plant growth conditions from N: P: K: 20:20:20 (Huaduo No. 1, Everris) to N: P: K: 10:30:20 (Huaduo No. 2, Everris), and spraying the leaves by diluting the plant growth conditions by about 2000 times. In summer, the water is poured once in 3-4 days, the water is sprayed once in the morning and at night to increase the air humidity, and the humidity is kept at 70-80%. Two layers of shading nets are adopted in the greenhouse, the shading is 70%, and the illumination intensity is less than 60000 LUX. The greenhouse conditions are controlled to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and not lower than 10 ℃ at night, and the chlorothalonil and imidacloprid solution which are 2000 times of that of the imidacloprid are sprayed once in half a month.
Step two, applying silver thiosulfate solution to prolong the ornamental life of the cymbidium sinense
72 days after the first treatment (12/20/2018), plants in the boll-row stage were selected and prepared with Silver Thiosulfate (STS) solution, the concentration of which is shown in Table 3. Each treatment group is prepared with 3L of solution, 30 pots of plant materials are treated, the leaf surfaces are sprayed until the leaf tips drip, and the solution is sprayed once. Then, the step 1 of normal pre-flowering water and fertilizer management is recovered
TABLE 3
Table 4 lists the initial, full, single and single flowering phases after treatment. The early flowering phase refers to the time from the treatment in the second step to the complete blooming of the first flower, the full flowering phase refers to the time from 50% of flowers of the flowering branches treated in the second step, the single flowering phase refers to the time from the blooming of the first flower to the withering of the single plant, and the single flowering phase refers to the time from the blooming of the first flower to the withering of the last flower of the single branch. The different lower case letters in the table indicate that the inter-treatment differences were at a 0.05 significance level.
T0 is STS treatment, T1-T4 is STS mixed nutrient solution treatment, and ck is control group. The T3 treatment has the best effect of delaying the decay of the cymbidium sinense, and can prolong the flowering phase of a single flower by 10.23 days and the flowering phase of a single branch by 14.01 days. It can be seen that under the condition of the same STS content of T0 and T3, the addition of antioxidant vitamin E and sodium selenite to T3 has obvious additive effect, and the ornamental period of flowering branches is prolonged.
TABLE 4
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for prolonging the flowering duration of the national orchid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivation management before treatment: controlling the internal environment of the cymbidium ensifolium greenhouse 30-60 days before the full-bloom stage regulation, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse in white day is 20-30 ℃, and the temperature at night is not lower than 10 ℃; the greenhouse adopts two layers of shading nets, wherein shading is 70% in summer and 30% in winter, the illumination intensity is less than 60000LUX, and the humidity is 70-80%; watering once in 3-5 days in summer, and sprinkling water in the air in the morning and evening to improve the humidity in the shed; controlling watering in autumn and winter, and watering once in 7-10 days; the fertilizer is converted from a fertilizer in a vegetative growth period to a fertilizer in a reproductive growth period;
(2) and (3) prolonging full-bloom stage:
after 30-60 days of treatment in the step (1), selecting the Chinese orchid in the ring-removing period, and spraying the Chinese orchid arrow and the leaf surface with a nutrient solution containing silver thiosulfate until the leaf tips drip water; the nutrient solution containing silver thiosulfate comprises 1-1000 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 10-150 mg/L of vitamin E, 0.5-10 mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.05-0.5% of Tween-20;
after the treatment, continuously spraying a fertilizer in a once reproductive growth period for 7 to 14 days until 1 month after the florescence is finished; shading 30% every day, and watering once in 3-5 days according to the humidity of the weather and the matrix, wherein the illumination intensity in the shed is less than 60000 LUX.
2. The method for extending flowering duration of glan according to claim 1, wherein:
the environment in the step (1) is controlled by a fan-water curtain circulating system;
the step (1) also comprises an insect killing step.
3. The method for extending flowering duration of glan according to claim 2, wherein:
the deinsectization is realized by using pesticides.
4. The method for extending flowering duration of glan according to claim 1, wherein:
the fertilizer in the vegetative growth phase in the step (1) is N: p: k is 20:20:20 fertilizer;
the fertilizer in the reproductive growth period in the step (1) is N: p: k is 10:30: 20.
5. The method for extending flowering duration of cymbidium according to claim 4, wherein:
the fertilizer in the vegetative growth period in the step (1) is No. 1 Huaduo;
the fertilizer in the reproductive growth period in the step (1) is No. 2 Huaduo.
6. The method for extending flowering duration of cymbidium according to claim 5, wherein:
the fertilizer in the reproductive growth period is No. 2 more than that of the flower diluted by 2000 times;
the fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface in the reproductive period.
7. The method for extending flowering duration of glan according to claim 1, wherein:
the dosage of the nutrient solution containing the silver thiosulfate in the step (2) is 100-150 ml of spraying amount of each basin of Chinese orchid.
8. The method for extending flowering duration of glan according to claim 1, wherein:
the components of the nutrient solution containing the silver thiosulfate in the step (2) comprise 1-1000 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 10-150 mg/L of vitamin E, 2.5-10 mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.5% of Tween-20; further comprises 1-1000 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 10-150 mg/L of vitamin E, 2.5-10 mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.5% of Tween-20; further comprises 100 mu M of silver thiosulfate, 75-100 mg/L of vitamin E, 7.5mg/L of sodium selenite and 0.5% of Tween-20.
9. The method for prolonging flowering duration of Chinese orchid according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the national orchid is at least one of cymbidium and cymbidium.
10. Use of a method for extending flowering duration of cymbidium according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in cymbidium cultivation.
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Citations (5)
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| CN101011032A (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2007-08-08 | 北京林业大学 | Method for extending chrysanthemum florescence |
| CN101015292A (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2007-08-15 | 北京林业大学 | Pot-flower fresh-keeping agent for macranthus Hui orchid |
| CN102124876A (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-07-20 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting and controlling flowering phase of dendrobium nobile |
| CN104255714A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 洛阳师范学院 | Peony and Chinese herbaceous peony fresh cut flower fresh-keeping liquid and preparation method thereof |
| CN105453925A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-04-06 | 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所 | Method for regulating flowering phase of cymbidium ensifolium |
-
2020
- 2020-07-17 CN CN202010693048.0A patent/CN111771661A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101011032A (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2007-08-08 | 北京林业大学 | Method for extending chrysanthemum florescence |
| CN101015292A (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2007-08-15 | 北京林业大学 | Pot-flower fresh-keeping agent for macranthus Hui orchid |
| CN102124876A (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2011-07-20 | 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting and controlling flowering phase of dendrobium nobile |
| CN104255714A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 洛阳师范学院 | Peony and Chinese herbaceous peony fresh cut flower fresh-keeping liquid and preparation method thereof |
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