CN111743050A - 一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料及其制备方法和应用，按重量份计，包括组分：鱼粉；鸡肉粉；喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉；虾膏；冰鲜鱼浆；玉米蛋白粉；发酵豆粕；高筋面粉；鱼油；大豆磷脂油；磷酸二氢钙；牛磺酸；氯化胆碱；复合维生素；复合矿物质；水解鱼蛋白；中草药复合剂；丁酸；中草药复合剂包括重量比为1‑2：2‑4：1‑2：3‑4：1‑2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。本发明的提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的饲料，提高海鲈的生长速度和免疫能力，充分满足海鲈幼鱼的生长发育，在充分满足海鲈幼鱼成长的前体下，全面提高海鲈的免疫、抗氧化、消化机能，进而提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率，为海鲈产业的健康、可持续发展打下坚实的基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及海鲈饲料，尤其涉及一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
海鲈又名花鲈、七星鲈，隶属鲈形目、鮨科、花鲈属，为肉食性鱼类。海鲈因为其肉质鲜美、营养丰富受到了广大人民的喜爱，其养殖区域在珠海白蕉镇最为集中，亩产量可以达到6000-10000斤，具有很高的经济价值。
但在海鲈养殖过程，因为病害频发，抗应激性较差等原因，导致海鲈在养殖过程中成活率不高。尤其是其幼鱼的成活率较低，一般成活率在40％-60％左右，严重影响了海鲈产业的健康发展。
为了提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率，养殖户一般采用添加抗生素的手段，但是，添加抗生素会导致水体污染，并且还会带来鱼体耐药性变差、鱼体残留等危害，进而导致人体危害，危害了海鲈产业的绿色、健康、可持续发展。
因此，有必要针对海鲈幼鱼成活率较低这一问题设计一种能够提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料。
发明内容
针对以上不足，本发明提供一种能够提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，在不影响海鲈幼鱼生长的前提下，全面提高海鲈幼鱼的免疫、抗氧化功能，进而提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率。
本发明通过以下方案达到上述目的：
第一方面，本发明提供一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
其中，所述中草药复合剂包括重量比为1-2：2-4：1-2：3-4：1-2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
优选的，一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
优选的，所述中草药复合剂包括重量比为2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
在一个优选的实施例中，一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
其中，所述中草药复合剂包括重量比为2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
优选的，所述鱼粉为秘鲁高级鱼粉。
优选的，所述鱼油为海水鱼油。
第二方面，本发明提供上述配合饲料的制备方法：将油脂以外的原料进行一次混合，混合后进入超微粉碎机进行超微粉碎，优选的，95％通过80目筛网，超微粉碎后的物料进行二次混合，然后通过调质、膨化制粒、烘干，再将鱼油、大豆磷脂油的混合油喷涂于饲料颗粒表面，得到配合饲料。
第三方面，提供上述制备方法制备得到的配合饲料。
第四方面，提供上述提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料在海鲈幼鱼养殖中的应用。
所述应用包括提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率，提高海鲈幼鱼的免疫性能。
与现有技术相比，本发明的提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料有益效果如下：
1、本发明的配合饲料充分满足海鲈幼鱼的营养需求，在保持海鲈幼鱼生长的前提下，所添加的水解鱼蛋白、中草药复合剂、丁酸能充分提高海鲈幼鱼的免疫、抗氧化、消化机能，显著提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率。
2、本发明所添加的丁酸还能够显著提高鱼体肝脏和血清中的溶菌酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，对海鲈幼鱼的免疫性能有很好的提升作用。
3、本发明饲料中的中草药复合剂的合理配比，其中神曲、党参能够对海鲈的消化机能起到促进作用；龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪能够显著提高海鲈幼鱼的免疫、抗氧化机能。
4、本发明的水解鱼蛋白中富含的小分子肽物质，能够对海鲈幼鱼的消化、免疫机能起到促进作用，进而提高海鲈幼鱼成活率，全面替代海鲈幼鱼生长期间所需要的抗生素物质。
综上所述，本发明的提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的饲料，提高海鲈的生长速度和免疫能力，充分满足海鲈幼鱼的生长发育，在充分满足海鲈幼鱼成长的前提下，全面提高海鲈的免疫、抗氧化、消化机能，进而提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率，为海鲈产业的健康、可持续发展打下坚实的基础。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
本发明的实施例中，采用的复合维生素为每千克含有以下成分：维生素A11000IU，维生素D3000IU，维生素E400IU，维生素K18mg，维生素B120mg，维生素B250mg，维生素B620mg，维生素B121mg，生物素6mg，泛酸钙60mg，叶酸2mg，烟酰胺75mg，肌醇350mg，其余为脱脂米糠。
本发明的实施例中，采用的复合矿物质每千克含有以下成分：磷酸二氢钾1.5g，硫酸镁9g，硫酸锰60mg，碘化钾10-30mg，亚硒酸钠6mg，氯化钴5mg，硫酸铜12mg，硫酸亚铁90mg，硫酸锌30mg，碘酸钙30mg，其余为沸石粉。
实施例1
一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：秘鲁高级鱼粉20.5份、喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉8份、鸡肉粉10份、玉米蛋白粉5.5份、虾膏3份、冰鲜鱼浆3份、发酵豆粕7份、高筋面粉18.5份、海水鱼油5份、大豆磷脂油3.5份、磷酸二氢钙2.0份、牛磺酸0.3份、氯化胆碱0.2份、复合维生素0.5份、复合矿物质1.5份、水解鱼蛋白10份、中草药复合剂1份、丁酸0.5份；其中，中草药复合剂包括2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
制备方法：
提高海鲈幼鱼成活率配合饲料的制备方法是：将油脂以外的原料准确称量后进行一次混合，混合后进入超微粉碎机进行超微粉碎(95％通过80目筛网)，超微粉碎后的物料进行二次混合，然后通过调质、膨化制粒、烘干等流程，再将鱼油、大豆磷脂油的混合油喷涂于饲料颗粒表面，冷却后包装。
实施例2
一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：秘鲁高级鱼粉21份、鸡肉粉11份、喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉6.5份、虾膏2份、冰鲜鱼浆4份、玉米蛋白粉7.5份、发酵豆粕8份、高筋面粉17.6份、海水鱼油4份、大豆磷脂油4份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、牛磺酸0.3份、氯化胆碱0.3份、复合维生素0.4份、复合矿物质1.4份、水解鱼蛋白9份、中草药复合剂1.1份、丁酸0.4份；其中，中草药复合剂包括2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
实施例3
一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：秘鲁高级鱼粉22份、鸡肉粉9份、喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉7份、虾膏4份、冰鲜鱼浆2份、玉米蛋白粉5.5份、发酵豆粕6份、高筋面粉18.8份、海水鱼油6份、大豆磷脂油2.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、牛磺酸0.4份、氯化胆碱0.15份、复合维生素0.6份、复合矿物质1.6份、水解鱼蛋白11份、中草药复合剂0.9份、丁酸0.6份；其中，中草药复合剂包括2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
对比例1
一种去除实施例1中的中草药复合剂的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：秘鲁高级鱼粉17.5份、鸡肉粉11份、喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉4份、虾膏2份、冰鲜鱼浆4份、玉米蛋白粉7.5份、发酵豆粕8份、高筋面粉19.2份、海水鱼油4份、大豆磷脂油4.5份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、牛磺酸0.3份、氯化胆碱0.3份、复合维生素0.4份、复合矿物质1.4份、水解鱼蛋白11份、丁酸0.4份。
制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
对比例2
一种去除实施例1中丁酸的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：秘鲁高级鱼粉23份、鸡肉粉9份、猪肉粉4份、喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉3.5份、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白4份、高温高压水解羽毛粉3.5份、虾膏4份、冰鲜鱼浆2份、玉米蛋白粉5.5份、发酵豆粕6份、高筋面粉19.4份、海水鱼油5份、大豆磷脂油3.5份、磷酸二氢钙2份、牛磺酸0.4份、氯化胆碱0.15份、复合维生素0.6份、复合矿物质1.6份、水解鱼蛋白9份、中草药复合剂0.9份。
制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
对比例3
一种去除实施例1中水解鱼蛋白的配合饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：秘鲁高级鱼粉23.5份、鸡肉粉12份、喷雾干燥猪血球蛋白粉11.5份、虾膏4份、冰鲜鱼浆4份、玉米蛋白粉7.5份、发酵豆粕8份、高筋面粉17.1份、海水鱼油4.5份、大豆磷脂油3.5份、磷酸二氢钙1份、牛磺酸0.2份、氯化胆碱0.15份、复合维生素0.4份、复合矿物质1.4份、中草药复合剂0.9份、丁酸0.4份。
制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
对比例4
一种海鲈幼鱼商品饲料，按重量份计，包括以下组分：高级鱼粉18份、鸡肉粉15份、玉米蛋白粉10份、脱粉棉籽蛋白15份、豆粕14份、高筋面粉16.3份、豆油4份、大豆磷脂油4份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、氯化胆碱0.2份、复合维生素0.5份、复合矿物质1.5份。
试验例1
2018年2月20日至2018年5月20日在广东省广州市番禺区海大集团海鸥岛试验基地，开展实施例提高海鲈幼鱼成活率配合饲料与对比例的养殖实验。每组饲料设4个重复，使用容积为300升的水族箱养殖，每个水族箱放30尾鱼。海鲈幼鱼生长数据记录表如表1所示。
表1：
n代表水族箱数量。
表1的实验结果表明，经过实施例1至实施例3的饲料养殖后的海鲈幼鱼，其终末均重、增重率、成活率要显著高于对比例1-4。
通过对比试验1-3，分别去除中草药复合物、丁酸、水解鱼蛋白，从表1中可以看出其成活率显著低于实施例，发明人还进一步通过试验证实，中草药复合物、丁酸、水解鱼蛋白具有协同增效作用。
此外，发明人还发现并经过试验证实，海鲈幼鱼阶段其消化机能和免疫机能是决定其成活率的主要原因，在中草药复合物中，神曲、党参能够对海鲈的消化机能起到促进作用；龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪能够显著提高海鲈幼鱼的免疫、抗氧化机能，这五种成分相互协同增效，提升海鲈幼鱼的成活率。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，其特征在于，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
其中，所述中草药复合剂包括重量比为1-2：2-4：1-2：3-4：1-2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，其特征在于，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，其特征在于，所述中草药复合剂包括重量比为2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，其特征在于，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
其中，所述中草药复合剂包括重量比为2：3：1：4：2的神曲、党参、龙芽草、麦冬、黄芪。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一所述的一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，其特征在于，所述鱼粉为秘鲁高级鱼粉。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一所述的一种提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料，其特征在于，所述鱼油为海水鱼油。
7.一种制备权利要求1至6中任一所述的配合饲料的方法，其特征在于，包括：将油脂以外的原料进行一次混合，混合后进入超微粉碎机进行超微粉碎，优选的，95％通过80目筛网，超微粉碎后的物料进行二次混合，然后通过调质、膨化制粒、烘干，再将鱼油、大豆磷脂油的混合油喷涂于饲料颗粒表面，得到配合饲料。
8.权利要求7的制备方法制备得到的配合饲料。
9.权利要求1-6中任一所述的提高海鲈幼鱼成活率的配合饲料在海鲈幼鱼养殖中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用，其特征在于，所述应用包括提高海鲈幼鱼的成活率，和/或，提高海鲈幼鱼的免疫性能。
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