CN113995060A - 仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用 - Google Patents
仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。在澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料添加剂或养殖饲料中加入仙鹤草,可以有效提高澳洲淡水龙虾的生长速度与抗氧化能力,极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾血液、肝脏、肠道的抗氧化能力,以及肠道的抗损伤能力。基于此还提供一种含仙鹤草的饲料,将仙鹤草粉末在饲料造粒前与基础饲料混匀一起造粒,仙鹤草粉末在基础饲料里分布均匀,在水中稳定,而且安全无毒副作用,无药物残留,安全可靠。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料添加剂技术领域。更具体地,涉及一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
背景技术
澳洲淡水龙虾,中文学名是红螯螯虾,拉丁学名:Cherax quadricarinatus,又称澳洲淡水龙虾、淡水龙虾,蓝龙虾,是一种穴居动物,幼苗怕光,喜欢在浅水区的杂草丛里生活,白天少活动,傍晚后在水草或栖息物件上攀爬、捕食。随着澳洲淡水龙虾个体的增大,逐步移向深水区打穴隐蔽,受环境变化的应激反应比较强烈。澳洲淡水龙虾性格比较凶猛,具有领地意识,经常在脱壳时遭到同类的攻击,往往出现被吃现象。因此,营造生态环境、提高抗应激能力和抗氧化能力是提高养殖澳洲淡水龙虾成活率的关键。
仙鹤草是一味常见的中草药,因其无副作用、残留物少、不产生环境污染、没有抗药性、不激发药源性疾病等特点而在饲料工业和畜牧业生产中得到了广泛的应用,在水产养殖方面多用于鱼虾养殖,作用是抗病原微生物,影响机体免疫功能、生产性能;如中国专利申请CN108783007A中公开了一种鱼虾饲料的中草药添加剂,所述添加剂包含以下原料:马鞭草提取物、珍珠草提取物、谷精草提取物、白花蛇舌草提取物、仙鹤草提取物、老鹳草提取物、鹿衔草提取物,该添加剂既有利于鱼、虾的病害预防,提高成活率,也可以提高鱼、虾的消化酶分泌水平,从而有效促进营养素在鱼虾体内的消化吸收和转化,促进鱼、虾的健康生长。但其不能提高鱼、虾的抗氧化能力,对澳洲淡水龙虾也没有作用,所以其更不能提高澳洲淡水龙虾的抗氧化能力。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是现有澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料添加剂或养殖饲料种类少的不足,提供一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种含仙鹤草的饲料。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾抗氧化的养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾抗损伤的养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明保护一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
本发明进一步保护一种含仙鹤草的饲料,由仙鹤草和基础饲料组成。
优选地,所述含仙鹤草的饲料是将仙鹤草制成100-150目的仙鹤草粉末,与基础饲料混匀后,加水混匀、造粒、干燥得到。
仙鹤草粉末在饲料造粒前就与基础饲料混匀一起造粒,仙鹤草粉末在基础饲料里分布均匀,不会和其他中草药粉末一样只是附着在基础饲料表面,有溶于水后易脱落的风险。
优选地,所述仙鹤草粉末占基础饲料的0.5~8%(wt/wt)。
优选地,所述水的添加量为基础饲料的2~8%(wt/wt)。
优选地,所述基础饲料的原料为:豆粕,花生麸,面粉,大豆油,纤维素,血粉,鱼粉,食盐,碳酸二氢钙,虾壳粉,维生素预混料,虾矿物质预混料,海藻酸钠。
优选地,所述基础饲料原料的组分质量比为:豆粕20~30%,花生麸10~20%,面粉10~30%,大豆油5~10%,纤维素5~10%,血粉5~10%,鱼粉5~10%,食盐0.1~0.3%,碳酸二氢钙1~2%,虾壳粉0.5~2%,维生素预混料0.5~2%,虾矿物质预混料0.5~2%,海藻酸钠1~3%。
更优选地,所述基础饲料原料的组分质量比为:豆粕26%,花生麸20%,面粉20%,大豆油6%,纤维素8.4%,血粉7%,鱼粉6%,食盐0.1%,碳酸二氢钙1.5%,虾壳粉1%,维生素预混料1%,虾矿物质预混料1%,海藻酸钠2%。
本发明进一步保护一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾抗氧化的养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
优选地,所述抗氧化包括血液抗氧化、肝脏抗氧化或肠道抗氧化中的一种或多种。
本发明进一步保护一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾抗损伤的养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
优选地,所述抗损伤包括肝脏抗损伤或肠道抗损伤中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。在澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料添加剂或养殖饲料中加入仙鹤草,可以有效提高澳洲淡水龙虾的生长速度与抗氧化能力,极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾血液、肝脏、肠道的抗氧化能力,以及肠道的抗损伤能力。
基于此还提供一种含仙鹤草的饲料,将仙鹤草粉末在饲料造粒前与基础饲料混匀一起造粒,仙鹤草粉末在基础饲料里分布均匀,在水中稳定,而且安全无毒副作用,无药物残留,安全可靠。
附图说明
图1为本申请含仙鹤草的饲料对澳洲淡水龙虾血浆总抗氧化能力影响的柱线图。
图2为本申请含仙鹤草的饲料对澳洲淡水龙虾肝脏总抗氧化能力影响的柱线图。
图3为本申请含仙鹤草的饲料对澳洲淡水龙虾肝脏丙二醛含量影响的柱线图。
图4为本申请对澳洲淡水龙虾肠道总抗氧化能力影响的柱线图。
图5为本申请含仙鹤草的饲料对澳洲淡水龙虾肠道丙二醛含量影响的柱线图。
图6为本申请含仙鹤草的饲料对澳洲淡水龙虾增重率影响的柱线图。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,以下实施例所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1制备含仙鹤草的饲料添加剂
将仙鹤草烘干、研磨成粉末后于120目钢筛过筛得到仙鹤草粉末,即得。
实施例2制备含仙鹤草的饲料
S1.按照豆粕26%、花生麸20%、面粉20%、大豆油6%、纤维素8.4%、血粉7%、鱼粉6%、食盐0.1%、碳酸二氢钙1.5%、虾壳粉1%、维生素预混料1%、虾矿物质预混料1%、海藻酸钠2%的比例,将所有原料加入到搅拌机里充分混合均匀得基础饲料;
S2.将仙鹤草烘干、研磨成粉末后于120目钢筛过筛得到仙鹤草粉末,备用;
S3.将5g仙鹤草粉末与1kg基础饲料混匀(仙鹤草粉末与基础饲料的重量比为0.5%),然后加入50g的水混匀(水的添加量为基础饲料的5%,重量比),再经过造粒机进行造粒、晾干,即得饲料并置于-20℃冰箱中保存。
实施例3制备含仙鹤草的饲料
与实施例2的区别在于:
S3.将10g仙鹤草粉末与1kg基础饲料混匀(仙鹤草粉末与基础饲料的重量比为1%);
其余步骤与试剂均与实施例1相同。
实施例4制备含仙鹤草的饲料
与实施例2的区别在于:
S3.将20g仙鹤草粉末与1kg基础饲料混匀(仙鹤草粉末与基础饲料的重量比为2%);
其余步骤与试剂均与实施例1相同。
实施例5制备含仙鹤草的饲料
与实施例2的区别在于:
S3.将40g仙鹤草粉末与1kg基础饲料混匀(仙鹤草粉末与基础饲料的重量比为4%);
其余步骤与试剂均与实施例1相同。
实施例6制备含仙鹤草的饲料
与实施例2的区别在于:
S3.将80g仙鹤草粉末与1kg基础饲料混匀(仙鹤草粉末与基础饲料的重量比为8%);
其余步骤与试剂均与实施例1相同。
对比例1
与实施例2的区别在于:
S3.将仙鹤草粉末按0g/kg的百分比与步骤S1的基础饲料混匀(即不添加仙鹤草);
其余步骤与试剂均与实施例1相同。
实验例1血浆总抗氧化酶的检测
1、实验方法
分别采用实施例3~6和对比例1所制备的饲料养殖澳洲淡水龙虾,具体养殖方法:
在规格为50cm*50cm*60cm的18个玻璃水族缸里,分为六组实验组,每组设置三个缸(三个重复),平均每个缸放30-40个PVC管作为躲避物,每个缸放30只体重在3g左右的澳洲淡水龙虾幼苗,淡水循环水养殖,暂养两周后,进行实验,每天早上8点和下午5点,按体重的3%投喂各组饲料,实验进行8周。
2、实验结果
在澳洲淡水龙虾饲养的第八周进行采样,用灭菌后的剪刀镊子等工具采集澳洲淡水龙虾的血液。各组采集血液之前,在一次性注射器预先加入预冷的等体积的抗凝剂,从各组3个玻璃缸中,每缸随机采取2只虾混合为1个样品(共3个样品),共三个生物学重复,采血部位为腹部第三步足血窦。采后立即置于1.5mL离心管中,4℃3000rpm离心10min后,吸取上清立即储存在-80℃中,用于酶活指标的测定。
实验结果如图1所示,当不添加仙鹤草粉末时,澳洲淡水龙虾血浆总抗氧化酶(T-AOC)为0.08mM,当仙鹤草粉末添加量为80g/kg时,抗氧化能力得到显著提高,达到0.63mM。证明在基础饲料中添加仙鹤草能极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾血液的抗氧化能力。
抗氧化物质是指凡是能够与自由基发生反应使之还原成非自由基的物质。其具有还原性,可抑制、阻止和终止自由基反应的化合物成为抗氧化剂。过氧化损伤会导致动物体生长生产性能下降,免疫损伤,易受细菌或病毒感染等。为了避免自由基对机体造成损伤,生物体有着一套完整的抗氧化体系来清除自由基。酶类抗氧化物质在其中就扮演者非常重要的角色。因此研究抗氧化物质的成分和含量具有重要意义。
实验例2肝脏总抗氧化酶的检测
1、实验方法
分别采用实施例4~6和对比例1所制备的饲料养殖澳洲淡水龙虾,具体养殖方法:
在规格为50cm*50cm*60cm的18个玻璃水族缸里,分为六组实验组,每组设置三个缸(三个重复),平均每个缸放30-40个PVC管作为躲避物,每个缸放30只体重在3g左右的澳洲淡水龙虾幼苗,淡水循环水养殖,暂养两周后,进行实验,每天早上8点和下午5点,按体重的3%投喂各组饲料,实验进行8周。
2、实验结果
在澳洲淡水龙虾饲养的第八周进行采样,用灭菌后的剪刀镊子等工具采集澳洲淡水龙虾的肝脏,每组三个重复。采集后立即置于液氮中速冻,采样结束后转移储存在-80℃中,用于酶活指标的测定。
实验结果如图2所示,当不添加仙鹤草粉末时,澳洲淡水龙虾肝脏总抗氧化酶(T-AOC)为0.47mM,当仙鹤草粉末添加量为80g/kg时,抗氧化能力得到显著提高,达到0.63mM。证明在基础饲料中添加仙鹤草能极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾肝脏的抗氧化能力。
实验例3肝脏丙二醛的检测
1、实验方法
分别采用实施例3~6和对比例1所制备的饲料养殖澳洲淡水龙虾,具体养殖方法:
在规格为50cm*50cm*60cm的18个玻璃水族缸里,分为六组实验组,每组设置三个缸(三个重复),平均每个缸放30-40个PVC管作为躲避物,每个缸放30只体重在3g左右的澳洲淡水龙虾幼苗,淡水循环水养殖,暂养两周后,进行实验,每天早上8点和下午5点,按体重的3%投喂各组饲料,实验进行8周。
2、实验结果
在澳洲淡水龙虾饲养的第八周进行采样,用灭菌后的剪刀镊子等工具采集澳洲淡水龙虾的肝脏,每组三个重复。采集后立即置于液氮中速冻,采样结束后转移储存在-80℃中,用于酶活指标的测定。
实验结果如图3所示,当不添加仙鹤草粉末时,澳洲淡水龙虾丙二醛含量(MDA)为3.922nmol/mL,当仙鹤草粉末添加量为80g/kg时,抗氧化能力得到显著提高,达到2.962nmol/mL。证明在基础饲料中添加仙鹤草能极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾肝脏的抗损伤能力。
机体通过酶系统与非酶系统产生氧自由基,后者能攻击生物膜中的多不饱和脂肪酸,引发脂质过氧化作用,并因此形成脂质过氧化物。脂质过氧化作用会形成非自由基,且放大活性氧的作用。导致很多脂质分解产物的形成,这些分解产物中,有一些能够引起细胞代谢及功能障碍,甚至死亡。因此,测试MDA的量常常可以反映机体内脂质过氧化的作用,间接地反映出细胞损伤的程度。
实验例4肠道总抗氧化酶的检测
1、实验方法
分别采用实施例4、6和对比例1所制备的饲料养殖澳洲淡水龙虾,具体养殖方法:
在规格为50cm*50cm*60cm的18个玻璃水族缸里,分为六组实验组,每组设置三个缸(三个重复),平均每个缸放30-40个PVC管作为躲避物,每个缸放30只体重在3g左右的澳洲淡水龙虾幼苗,淡水循环水养殖,暂养两周后,进行实验,每天早上8点和下午5点,按体重的3%投喂各组饲料,实验进行8周。
2、实验结果
在澳洲淡水龙虾饲养的第八周进行采样,用灭菌后的剪刀镊子等工具采集澳洲淡水龙虾的肠道,每组三个重复。采集后除去粪便,将肠道立即置于液氮中速冻,采样结束后转移储存在-80℃中,用于酶活指标的测定。
实验结果如图4所示,当不添加仙鹤草粉末时,澳洲淡水龙虾肠道总抗氧化酶(T-AOC)为0.573mM,当仙鹤草粉末添加量为80g/kg时,抗氧化能力得到显著提高,达到0.737mM。证明在基础饲料中添加仙鹤草能极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾肠道的抗氧化能力。
实验例5肠道丙二醛的检测
1、实验方法
分别采用实施例4~6和对比例1所制备的饲料养殖澳洲淡水龙虾,具体养殖方法:
在规格为50cm*50cm*60cm的18个玻璃水族缸里,分为六组实验组,每组设置三个缸(三个重复),平均每个缸放30-40个PVC管作为躲避物,每个缸放30只体重在3g左右的澳洲淡水龙虾幼苗,淡水循环水养殖,暂养两周后,进行实验,每天早上8点和下午5点,按体重的3%投喂各组饲料,实验进行8周。
2、实验结果
在澳洲淡水龙虾饲养的第八周进行采样,用灭菌后的剪刀镊子等工具采集澳洲淡水龙虾的肠道,每组三个重复。采集后除去粪便,将肠道立即置于液氮中速冻,采样结束后转移储存在-80℃中,用于酶活指标的测定。
实验结果如图5所示,当不添加仙鹤草粉末时,澳洲淡水龙虾肠道丙二醛(MDA)为2.107nmol/mL,当仙鹤草粉末添加量为80g/kg时,抗氧化能力得到显著提高,达到0.499nmol/mL。证明在基础饲料中添加仙鹤草能极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾肠道的抗损伤能力。
实验例6澳洲淡水龙虾增重率的检测
1、实验方法
分别采用实施例5、6和对比例1所制备的饲料养殖澳洲淡水龙虾,具体养殖方法:
在规格为50cm*50cm*60cm的18个玻璃水族缸里,分为六组实验组,每组设置三个缸(三个重复),平均每个缸放30-40个PVC管作为躲避物,每个缸放30只体重在3g左右的澳洲淡水龙虾幼苗,淡水循环水养殖,暂养两周后,进行实验,每天早上8点和下午5点,按体重的3%投喂各组饲料,实验进行8周。
2、实验结果
在饲养的第八周进行采样,将一个装水的小筐称重去皮,将各缸内的虾捞出放入称重,取各缸平均值。
实验结果如图6所示,当不添加仙鹤草粉末时,澳洲淡水龙虾增重率为1.75,当仙鹤草粉末添加量为80g/kg时,增重率得到显著提高,达到1.97。证明在基础饲料中添加仙鹤草能极大提高澳洲淡水龙虾的生长速率。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
2.一种含仙鹤草的饲料,其特征在于,由仙鹤草和基础饲料组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述饲料,其特征在于,所述含仙鹤草的饲料是将仙鹤草制成100-150目的仙鹤草粉末,与基础饲料混匀后,加水混匀、造粒、干燥得到。
4.根据权利要求3所述饲料,其特征在于,所述仙鹤草粉末占基础饲料的0.5~8%(wt/wt)。
5.根据权利要求3所述饲料,其特征在于,所述水的添加量为基础饲料的2~8%(wt/wt)。
6.根据权利要求2-5任一所述饲料,其特征在于,所述基础饲料的原料为:豆粕,花生麸,面粉,大豆油,纤维素,血粉,鱼粉,食盐,碳酸二氢钙,虾壳粉,维生素预混料,虾矿物质预混料,海藻酸钠。
7.根据权利要求6所述饲料,其特征在于,所述基础饲料原料的组分质量比为:豆粕20~30%,花生麸10~20%,面粉10~30%,大豆油5~10%,纤维素5~10%,血粉5~10%,鱼粉5~10%,食盐0.1~0.3%,碳酸二氢钙1~2%,虾壳粉0.5~2%,维生素预混料0.5~2%,虾矿物质预混料0.5~2%,海藻酸钠1~3%。
8.仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾抗氧化的养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述应用,其特征在于,所述抗氧化包括血液抗氧化、肝脏抗氧化或肠道抗氧化中的一种或多种。
10.仙鹤草在制备澳洲淡水龙虾抗损伤的养殖饲料及其添加剂中的应用。
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