CN111713336A - Method for improving artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product appearance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of an artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product, which comprises the steps of firstly storing stiff worms at the temperature of minus 2 ℃ to minus 4 ℃ for 2-6 months, then carrying out variable-temperature growth of a stroma under the condition of keeping the temperature difference of 10-12 ℃ per day, airing the obtained fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil adhered to the periphery of the polypide until the polypide begins to soften after the stroma growth stage is completed, stripping and brushing the soil after the stroma is dehydrated and partially withered, and then further airing until the stroma is completely dried, thus obtaining the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product with the appearance quality close to that of wild cordyceps sinensis. The invention can obtain the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product which has no obvious difference with wild cordyceps sinensis in a larger proportion, uniform color and good consistency by strictly controlling the culture conditions. The content of adenosine reaches more than 0.01 percent and reaches the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial cultivation of cordyceps sinensis, in particular to a method for improving the quality of an artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product.
Background
Cordyceps sinensis, one of the rare Chinese medicinal materials, is a dry complex of stroma and larva corpse formed by Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. The traditional Chinese medicine holds that the cordyceps sinensis is warm in nature and sweet in taste, enters lung and kidney channels, and has the effects of tonifying lung and kidney, stopping bleeding and reducing phlegm. Recent medical research shows that the cordyceps sinensis has the effects and effects of resisting inflammation, resisting anoxia, improving myocardial ischemia, improving immunity, calming, reducing blood pressure and the like. For a long time, medicinal cordyceps sinensis is derived from wild cordyceps sinensis mined from Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and the yield of the wild natural cordyceps sinensis is very limited due to the limitation of distribution regions. Along with the aggravation of global warming and the damage to the plateau ecological environment caused by long-term excessive mining, the resources of the wild cordyceps sinensis are gradually exhausted, and the development of the technology for artificially cultivating the cordyceps sinensis is greatly concerned due to the problem that the arsenic content of the wild cordyceps sinensis is frequently overproof.
In recent years, the technology for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis is rapidly developed, and the laboratory technology is moved to industrial production. However, the technology still has a lot of details to be perfected, and especially the appearance of the finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis is greatly different from that of the wild cordyceps sinensis, the worm body part of the finished product is easy to blacken, and the appearance is poor. Therefore, the development of an artificial cordyceps sinensis cultivation technology which can obtain cordyceps sinensis with good consistency and similar appearance quality to wild cordyceps sinensis becomes a key node for producing cordyceps sinensis on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the quality of a finished product of artificial cordyceps sinensis, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the quality of an artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: low-temperature growth of hyphae in the stiff insects: the stiff insects which are not subjected to the stiff time and do not grow external hyphae outside the insects are buried in plateau humus soil with a certain water content, and continue to slowly grow for 2-6 months at the temperature of minus 2-minus 4 ℃;
step two: temperature-changing growth of cordyceps sinensis stroma: and (3) finishing the stiff insects growing at low temperature, carrying out variable-temperature illumination cultivation to grow stroma, wherein the specific cultivation conditions are as follows: continuously culturing for 10-15h in one day under illumination with illumination intensity of 2000-; during illumination cultivation, the temperature is 10-14 ℃; when the cultivation is carried out in dark without light, the temperature is relatively reduced by 10-12 ℃; culturing for more than 30 days by variable-temperature illumination;
step three: drying and dehydrating fresh cordyceps sinensis: after the stroma growth is completed, the stiff insects are pulled out from the soil, and then the fresh cordyceps sinensis is obtained; drying the fresh Cordyceps sinensis with the soil around the worm until the worm begins to soften and the stroma is dehydrated and partially atrophied;
step four: stripping and brushing off the adhered soil and then drying: stripping the soil around the worm body from the partially dehydrated cordyceps sinensis, and brushing soil particles adhered to the worm body with a brush; and further airing the cordyceps sinensis after the soil brushing is finished until the cordyceps sinensis is completely dried, so as to obtain a finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis.
Further, the water content of the plateau humus soil in the first step is 36% -40%.
Further, in the third step, fresh Cordyceps sinensis is dried for 1-3h at 10-25 deg.C and air relative humidity less than 45% until the body begins to soften and the stroma is dehydrated and partially atrophied.
Further, the cordyceps sinensis after the soil brushing in the fourth step is further aired for 4-8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the relative air humidity is less than 45% until the cordyceps sinensis is completely dried, and then the finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the artificially cultured cordyceps sinensis often has the condition that the color of the cordyceps sinensis is blackened, so that the finished product has uneven color and luster and poor integral appearance. The invention can obtain the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product which has no obvious difference with wild cordyceps sinensis in a larger proportion, uniform color and good consistency by strictly controlling the culture conditions. The specific conditions are that firstly, the stiff insects are stored for 2-6 months under the temperature condition of minus 2 ℃ to minus 4 ℃, then the temperature difference of 10-12 ℃ per day is kept, the variable temperature growth of the stroma is carried out, after the growth stage of the stroma is completed, the obtained fresh cordyceps sinensis with soil adhered to the periphery of the polypide is aired until the polypide begins to soften, after the stroma is dehydrated and partially withered, the soil is stripped and brushed, then the fresh cordyceps sinensis is aired further to be completely dried, and the finished artificial cordyceps sinensis with the appearance similar to that of wild cordyceps sinensis can be obtained.
The finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis cultured by the method is close to wild, and the content of adenosine reaches more than 0.01 percent and reaches the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to examples. The following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
After the hemolymph of the larva infected with the cordyceps sinensis fungus is densely filled with the thallus, the larva is transferred to an environment condition for inducing the rigidification and continues to grow for a period of time. After the larva begins to successively become stiff, selecting the stiff worm body, namely the stiff worm, for the growth of the stroma. Removing black stiff insects obviously polluted by bacteria, and selecting stiff insects which do not grow in vitro hyphae and have relatively extended bodies, wherein the number of the stiff insects is 300.
The stiff insects are planted in a plastic revolving frame (planting frame) with a cover, the length of which is 60cm, the width of which is 40cm and the depth of which is 20 cm. Soil with the thickness of about 12cm is placed in the planting frame, the soil is plateau humus soil obtained from a natural cordyceps production area, and the water content of the soil is adjusted to 36-40% in advance. The head and forehead of the stiff insects are upward, the long cylindrical body is inclined at an oblique angle of 30-75 degrees, the distance between the head and forehead and the soil surface is 1-2cm, the interval between adjacent heads of the stiff insects is 3-5cm, the oblique angles are relatively consistent and buried in the soil, and 150 stiff insects are planted in each planting frame. Each planting frame is provided with a 60 cm-40 cm non-woven fabric which is sprayed and adhered with fine water drops, and the non-woven fabric is covered on the soil surface in the planting frame. After covering the planting frame, placing the planting frame at the temperature of minus 2 ℃ for 2 months. During the period, the sprayed non-woven fabric is replaced by new one with adhered fine water beads every 2 weeks. A total of 2 planting boxes were prepared.
And carrying out variable-temperature illumination cultivation. The non-woven fabrics on the surface of the soil are uncovered, and the upper edge of the planting frame is covered with a light-transmitting plastic film to replace a cover, so that the water loss in the illumination cultivation process is reduced. The planting frame is placed in a lighting cultivation room and is illuminated by a fluorescent lamp for 10 hours every day, and the illumination intensity is 2000-. When the cells were incubated under light, the incubation temperature was 14 ℃. Culturing in dark without light for 14h every day, and adjusting the culturing temperature to 4 ℃ by 10 ℃. Culturing for more than 30 days by variable-temperature illumination.
When more than 80% of the muscardines extend out of the stroma of more than 2cm on the soil surface, all the cultivated muscardines are pulled out from the soil. 200 Cordyceps sinensis with stroma of more than 3cm and soil wrapped around the body are selected. Randomly divided into 2 groups of 100. The group 1 was aired for 2h at 20 ℃ with a relative air humidity of less than 45%, the worm body started to soften, and the stroma was dehydrated and partially atrophied. Then the next treatment of stripping the soil around the worm body is carried out. Group 2 was subjected to the treatment of removing the outer soil without the above-mentioned air-drying treatment.
Group 1 strips the soil around the worm and brushes the adhered soil particles with a brush to obtain a small amount of dehydrated fresh Cordyceps sinensis product without soil. The fresh product is continuously aired for 7h under the conditions of 20 ℃ and air relative humidity less than 45% until the fresh product is completely dried (i.e. the worm body becomes dry and hard), and finished artificial cordyceps sinensis products of group 1 are collected. And group 2, directly stripping the cordyceps sinensis with soil on the periphery of the worm body and brushing soil particles to obtain a fresh cordyceps sinensis without soil. Air drying fresh product at 20 deg.C and air relative humidity of less than 45% for 8 hr until completely dried (i.e. worm becomes dry and hard), and collecting group 2 artificial Cordyceps sinensis product.
The 2 groups of artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products are divided into A, B, C types according to the grade, and the number of the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products is counted respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
A type: the whole surface of the worm body is dark yellow to yellowish brown, or only a few dark brown or dark brown spots are present. The product phase of the artificial cordyceps sinensis is consistent with or very close to that of a wild cordyceps sinensis air-dried product.
B type: the color of the surface of the worm body is not uniform, and partial black brown or black blocks exist; or the whole surface of the worm body is dark, and more parts are dark brown or dark brown.
Class C: most or the whole of the surface of the worm body is black brown or black.
TABLE 1
| Caterpillar fungus A product | Cordyceps sinensis product of B class | Caterpillar fungus C product | |
| Group 1 | 96 | 1 | 3 |
| Group 2 | 82 | 16 | 2 |
The results in table 1 show that the collected cordyceps sinensis individuals are aired to be partially dehydrated before the soil is stripped and brushed, and the effect of improving the quality of the finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis is obvious.
Example 2
After the hemolymph of the larva infected with the cordyceps sinensis fungus is densely filled with the thallus, the larva is transferred to an environment condition for inducing the rigidification and continues to grow for a period of time. After the larva begins to successively become stiff, selecting the stiff worm body, namely the stiff worm, for the growth of the stroma. Removing black stiff insects obviously polluted by bacteria, and selecting stiff insects which do not grow in vitro hyphae and have relatively extended bodies, wherein the number of the stiff insects is 300.
The stiff insects are planted in a plastic revolving frame (planting frame) with a cover, the length of which is 60cm, the width of which is 40cm and the depth of which is 20 cm. Soil with the thickness of about 12cm is placed in the planting frame, the soil is plateau humus soil obtained from a natural cordyceps production area, and the water content of the soil is adjusted to 36-40% in advance. The head and forehead of the stiff insects are upward, the long cylindrical body is inclined at an oblique angle of 30-75 degrees, the distance between the head and forehead and the soil surface is 1-2cm, the interval between adjacent heads of the stiff insects is 3-5cm, the oblique angles are relatively consistent and buried in the soil, and 150 stiff insects are planted in each planting frame. Each planting frame is provided with a 60 cm-40 cm non-woven fabric which is sprayed and adhered with fine water drops, and the non-woven fabric is covered on the soil surface in the planting frame. After covering the planting frame, placing the planting frame at the temperature of minus 4 ℃ for 6 months. During the period, the sprayed non-woven fabric is replaced by new one with adhered fine water beads every 2 weeks. A total of 2 planting boxes were prepared. Labeled randomly as group 1 and group 2.
And next, carrying out illumination cultivation. The non-woven fabrics on the surface of the soil are uncovered, and the upper edge of the planting frame is covered with a light-transmitting plastic film to replace a cover, so that the water loss in the illumination cultivation process is reduced. Each of group 1 and group 2 was subjected to the stroma growth under different incubation conditions. Group 1 was incubated with variable temperature light. The group 1 planting frame is placed in a light cultivation room and is illuminated by a fluorescent lamp for 15 hours every day, and the illumination intensity is 2000-. When the culture is carried out under illumination, the culture temperature is 12 ℃. Culturing in dark without light for 9h every day, and adjusting the culturing temperature to 0 deg.C and 12 deg.C. Culturing for more than 30 days by variable-temperature illumination. Group 2 was grown as follows: the lighting conditions were the same as for group 1. Temperature control was kept constant every day, and the incubation temperature was gradually increased after a period of time: 1 to 5 days, and the cultivation temperature is 2 ℃; 6 to 20 days at a temperature of 8 ℃; after 20 days, the temperature was 15 ℃.
After 25 days, the soil emergence rates of the group 1 and the group 2 stroma are both more than 80%. Both conditions in groups 1 and 2 had little effect on the growth of the stroma.
When more than 80% of the stiff insects extend out of the stroma of more than 2cm on the soil surface, all the cultivated stiff insects are pulled out from the soil of the planting frames of the groups 1 and 2. 2 groups of 100 Cordyceps sinensis with stroma of 3cm or more and soil-wrapped around the body are selected respectively. The insect bodies begin to soften and the stroma is dehydrated and partially atrophied after being aired for 3 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of air is less than 45 percent. Then the next treatment of stripping the soil around the worm body is carried out.
Stripping the soil around the worm bodies of the group 1 and the group 2, and brushing adhered soil particles with a brush to obtain a small amount of dehydrated fresh cordyceps sinensis without soil. The fresh product is dried continuously for 6h at 20 deg.C and air relative humidity less than 45% until completely dried (i.e. the worm becomes dry and hard), and 100 artificial Cordyceps sinensis products are obtained from group 1 and group 2.
The number of the 2 groups of artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products is respectively counted after the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products are classified into A, B, C types according to the grade, and the results are shown in table 2.
A type: the whole surface of the worm body is dark yellow to yellowish brown, or only a few dark brown or dark brown spots are present. The product phase of the artificial cordyceps sinensis is consistent with or very close to that of a wild cordyceps sinensis air-dried product.
B type: the color of the surface of the worm body is not uniform, and partial black brown or black blocks exist; or the whole surface of the worm body is dark, and more parts are dark brown or dark brown.
Class C: most or the whole of the surface of the worm body is black brown or black.
TABLE 2
| Caterpillar fungus A product | Cordyceps sinensis product of B class | Caterpillar fungus C product | |
| Group 1 | 92 | 6 | 2 |
| Group 2 | 76 | 9 | 15 |
The results in Table 2 show that the temperature change treatment of the stroma at the growth stage every day has obvious effect on improving the phase of the finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis.
Example 3
After the hemolymph of the larva infected with the cordyceps sinensis fungus is densely filled with the thallus, the larva is transferred to an environment condition for inducing the rigidification and continues to grow for a period of time. After the larva begins to successively become stiff, selecting the stiff worm body, namely the stiff worm, for the growth of the stroma. Removing black stiff insects obviously polluted by bacteria, and selecting stiff insects which do not grow in vitro hyphae and have relatively extended bodies, wherein the number of the stiff insects is 300.
The stiff insects are planted in a plastic revolving frame (planting frame) with a cover, the length of which is 60cm, the width of which is 40cm and the depth of which is 20 cm. Soil with the thickness of about 12cm is placed in the planting frame, the soil is plateau humus soil obtained from a natural cordyceps production area, and the water content of the soil is adjusted to 36-40% in advance. The head and forehead of the stiff insects are upward, the long cylindrical body is inclined at an oblique angle of 30-75 degrees, the distance between the head and forehead and the soil surface is 1-2cm, the interval between adjacent heads of the stiff insects is 3-5cm, the oblique angles are relatively consistent and buried in the soil, and 150 stiff insects are planted in each planting frame. Each planting frame is provided with a 60 cm-40 cm non-woven fabric which is sprayed and adhered with fine water drops, and the non-woven fabric is covered on the soil surface in the planting frame. The planting frame is covered with a cover. A total of 2 planting boxes were prepared. Labeled randomly as group 1 and group 2. The planting frames of the group 1 are respectively placed for 2 months at the temperature of minus 3 ℃ and the planting frames of the group 2 at the temperature of minus 5 ℃. During the period, the sprayed non-woven fabric is replaced by new one with adhered fine water beads every 2 weeks.
Before the next temperature-changing illumination cultivation, 2 planting frames of the group 3 are supplemented, 150 stiff insects are planted in each planting frame, 300 stiff insects are planted in each planting frame, and the treatment process is similar to the treatment steps before the group 1 and the group 2 are not subjected to low-temperature treatment. The specific operation is as follows: the stiff insects are planted in a plastic revolving frame (planting frame) with a cover, the length of which is 60cm, the width of which is 40cm and the depth of which is 20 cm. Soil with the thickness of about 12cm is placed in the planting frame, the soil is plateau humus soil obtained from a natural cordyceps production area, and the water content of the soil is adjusted to 36-40% in advance. The head and forehead of the stiff insects are upward, the long cylindrical body is inclined at an oblique angle of 30-75 degrees, the distance between the head and forehead and the soil surface is 1-2cm, the interval between adjacent heads of the stiff insects is 3-5cm, the oblique angles are relatively consistent and buried in the soil, and 150 stiff insects are planted in each planting frame. The non-woven fabric does not need to be covered for moisture preservation. The non-woven fabrics on the soil surface are removed from the group 1 and the group 2. The upper edges of 4 planting frames of the group 1, the group 2 and the group 3 are covered with light-transmitting plastic films to replace covers, so that the water loss in the illumination cultivation process is reduced. The planting frame is placed in a lighting cultivation room and is illuminated by a fluorescent lamp for 12 hours each day, and the illumination intensity is 2000-. During light cultivation, the cultivation temperature is 13 ℃, the cultivation is carried out for 12 hours every day without light and darkness, and the cultivation temperature is reduced to 11 ℃ and is 2 ℃. Culturing for more than 30 days by variable-temperature illumination.
After the cultivation for 32 days by variable temperature illumination, 87 percent and 90 percent of the stiff insects in the group 1 and the group 2 grow stroma over 2cm on the soil surface respectively. Group 3 had 67% of the stroma growing more than 2 cm.
All of the infested stiff worms were pulled from the soil in the planting boxes of groups 1, 2 and 3. In 3 groups, 100 Cordyceps sinensis with stroma of 3cm or more and soil-wrapped around the body are selected respectively. The insect bodies begin to soften and the stroma is dehydrated and partially atrophied after being placed at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of air is less than 45 percent for airing for 1 hour. Then the next treatment of stripping the soil around the worm body is carried out.
Stripping the soil around the worm bodies of the groups 1, 2 and 3, and brushing adhered soil particles with a brush to obtain a small amount of dehydrated fresh cordyceps sinensis without soil. The fresh product is dried continuously for 6h at 20 deg.C and air relative humidity less than 45% until completely dried (i.e. the insect becomes dry and hard), and 100 artificial Cordyceps sinensis products are obtained from group 1, group 2, and group 3.
The 3 groups of artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products are divided into A, B, C types according to the grade, and the number of the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products is counted respectively, and the results are shown in table 3.
A type: the whole surface of the worm body is dark yellow to yellowish brown, or only a few dark brown or dark brown spots are present. The product phase of the artificial cordyceps sinensis is consistent with or very close to that of a wild cordyceps sinensis air-dried product.
B type: the color of the surface of the worm body is not uniform, and partial black brown or black blocks exist; or the whole surface of the worm body is dark, and more parts are dark brown or dark brown.
Class C: most or the whole of the surface of the worm body is black brown or black.
TABLE 3
| Caterpillar fungus A product | Cordyceps sinensis product of B class | Caterpillar fungus C product | |
| Group 1 | 90 | 7 | 3 |
| Group 2 | 82 | 6 | 12 |
| Group 3 | 46 | 26 | 28 |
The results in Table 3 show that the low-temperature growth of mycelia in the Bombyx Batryticatus under the temperature condition defined by the method has obvious effect on improving the phase of the finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis.
5 artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products are respectively extracted from the A-type artificial cordyceps sinensis finished products in the group 1 of the embodiment 1, the group 1 of the embodiment 2 and the group 1 of the embodiment 3 to carry out adenosine determination, and the content of adenosine reaches more than 0.01 percent and reaches the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the quality of a finished product of artificial cordyceps sinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: low-temperature growth of hyphae in the stiff insects: the stiff insects which are not subjected to the stiff time and do not grow external hyphae outside the insects are buried in plateau humus soil with a certain water content, and continue to slowly grow for 2-6 months at the temperature of minus 2-minus 4 ℃;
step two: temperature-changing growth of cordyceps sinensis stroma: and (3) finishing the stiff insects growing at low temperature, carrying out variable-temperature illumination cultivation to grow stroma, wherein the specific cultivation conditions are as follows: continuously culturing for 10-15h in one day under illumination with illumination intensity of 2000-; during illumination cultivation, the temperature is 10-14 ℃; when the cultivation is carried out in dark without light, the temperature is relatively reduced by 10-12 ℃; culturing for more than 30 days by variable-temperature illumination;
step three: drying and dehydrating fresh cordyceps sinensis: after the stroma growth is completed, the stiff insects are pulled out from the soil, and then the fresh cordyceps sinensis is obtained; drying the fresh Cordyceps sinensis with the soil around the worm until the worm begins to soften and the stroma is dehydrated and partially atrophied;
step four: stripping and brushing off the adhered soil and then drying: stripping the soil around the worm body from the partially dehydrated cordyceps sinensis, and brushing soil particles adhered to the worm body with a brush; and further airing the cordyceps sinensis after the soil brushing is finished until the cordyceps sinensis is completely dried, so as to obtain a finished product of the artificial cordyceps sinensis.
2. The method for improving the finished product phase of artificial cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the plateau humus soil in the first step is 36% -40%.
3. The method for improving the quality of the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, fresh cordyceps sinensis is aired for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 10-25 ℃ and the relative air humidity of less than 45% until the polypide begins to soften and the stroma is dehydrated and partially atrophied.
4. The method for improving the quality of the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product according to claim 1, wherein the cordyceps sinensis after the soil brushing in the fourth step is further dried for 4-8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 10-25 ℃ and the relative air humidity is less than 45% until the cordyceps sinensis is completely dried, so that the artificial cordyceps sinensis finished product is obtained.
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