CN110402757B - Method for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis in original place and special facility thereof - Google Patents
Method for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis in original place and special facility thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The method for artificially cultivating the cordyceps sinensis in the original place and the special facility thereof provided by the invention are characterized in that the special facility is constructed in the original environment of the cordyceps sinensis host, and the artificial cultivation of the cordyceps sinensis is realized by artificially controlling the temperature and humidity and adding the feed of the cordyceps sinensis host larva; the method is characterized in that: completely utilizes natural light to isolate the growing environment of the host of the cordyceps sinensis from the natural environment so as to avoid the infection of mixed bacteria. The method for cultivating the cordyceps sinensis effectively shortens the cultivating time of the cordyceps sinensis and improves the yield of the cordyceps sinensis in unit area; compared with other artificial cultivation modes, the method does not need artificial temperature control, and is lower in production cost; the method is suitable for plateau environment, is more beneficial to management compared with semi-wild cultivation and wild cultivation, and avoids the invasion of human and wild animals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis, in particular to a method for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis in an original place and a special facility thereof.
Technical Field
Cordyceps sinensis is a unique rare and rare Chinese herbal medicine in China, is a complex of a stroma and a larva body formed by Cordyceps sinensis Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc parasitic on insect larvae of Hepialidae, and is mainly produced in provinces of Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, Tibet, Gansu and the like in China. Since the 9O's in the 20 th century, along with the increase of the demand of people for cordyceps sinensis, the contradiction between supply and demand of the market is increasingly prominent, and simultaneously, the cordyceps sinensis is endangered to extinction due to the fact that natural resources of the cordyceps sinensis are gradually deficient, and belongs to a second-level wild medicinal protection plant in China. Artificial breeding of cordyceps sinensis has been a research hotspot in the field of traditional Chinese medicine resource protection and regeneration for many years.
The distribution of the host hepialus armoricanus has the characteristics of regional distribution and vertical distribution. Each group of the system has a specific geographical position and distribution pattern in China; the vertical distribution range of the hepialus armoricanus is large and is 2200-5000 m, and the hepialus armoricanus is distributed most at about 4000m, wherein the vertical distribution range of Tibet is the largest, the vertical distribution ranges of Sichuan and Yunnan are close, and the vertical distribution ranges of Qinghai and Gansu are narrow. Researches find that other insect states except adults live in the camp and soil habitat, the ecological distribution of the host insects is related to various factors such as terrain, landform, altitude, climate, vegetation, soil and the like, particularly the ecological distribution is closely related to soil microclimate and food distribution, the hepialus armoricanus is almost distributed in alpine meadows, subalpine meadows or alpine shrubs, and the habitat soil type is mainly alpine meadow soil or subalpine meadow soil. The main factors influencing the growth of the host of the cordyceps sinensis comprise: feed, temperature, growth density, humidity, plant diseases and insect pests and other factors.
In artificial feeding, the feed, the temperature and the humidity and the growth density are all easy to control manually, but the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the cultivation of the cordyceps sinensis is difficult to solve. Wherein the diseases are mainly caused by fungi, such as green muscardine fungus diseases, paecilomyces diseases, white muscardine fungus diseases, red muscardine fungus diseases and the like. The pests are mainly nematodes, mites and mosquitoes as disease vectors. In order to ensure the survival rate of the larvae in the prior art, the food and the growth space of the larvae are disinfected and sterilized periodically; but the effect is not ideal.
Chinese patent application (publication No. CN19700734A) discloses a production method of cordyceps sinensis, Chinese patent application (publication No. CN1970733A) discloses a method for cultivating cordyceps sinensis in a hepialus captive farm, Chinese patent application (publication No. CN1948456A) discloses a method for improving the yield of cordyceps sinensis in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, Chinese patent application (publication No. CN19484757A) discloses a method for improving the yield of cordyceps sinensis in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the four methods are disclosed as if the contents are all that the bat moth larvae are cultivated in a greenhouse established under the wild environment of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the number of imagoes or larvae in the cultivated area is increased, so as to improve the survival rate of the bat moth larvae, when the hepialus larva grows to 6-8 years old, by applying the contaminated spore liquid to the whole captive breeding field, the bat moth larvae are infected, and the bat moth larvae are completely infected, and the temperature and humidity protection setting is removed to restore the bat moth larvae to be natural temperature and humidity. The whole growth process of the cordyceps sinensis is carried out in the same region. According to the data disclosed in the patent application document, the method only needs 365-; finally, the infection success rate of the cordyceps sinensis can reach about 50%.
Since the end of 1970 s, the applicant developed the research on artificial cordyceps sinensis cultivation, and successively undertaken the research on artificial cordyceps sinensis cultivation in the national key scientific and technological project of "seventy five" and "eighty five", and after establishing a mode for artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis indoors, followed by the research on semi-wild cultivation and development of cordyceps sinensis in the national key scientific and technological project of "ninety five", and obtained a major breakthrough that semi-wild cultivation of cordyceps sinensis was firstly cultivated in the north Tibetan plateau of 4700 more meters above sea level of tibetan nara, thereby establishing a new mode for semi-wild cultivation of cordyceps sinensis. During the 'eleven-five' period, the national science and technology support plan project 'the optimization research of the key technology for artificial cultivation of cordyceps sinensis' is undertaken, and the key technology of a new semi-wild tending mode is optimized during the Sichuan rehabilitation, so that the yield is further improved, the operation link is simplified, and the cost is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the artificial feeding of the cordyceps sinensis, the invention provides a method for artificially planting the cordyceps sinensis in an original place of the cordyceps sinensis and a special facility thereof, which avoid excessive influence on the ecological environment. The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for artificially culturing Cordyceps in original place comprises constructing special facility in original environment of Cordyceps host, manually controlling temperature and humidity, and adding feed of Cordyceps host larva to realize artificial culture of Cordyceps; completely utilizes natural light to isolate the growing environment of the host of the cordyceps sinensis from the natural environment so as to avoid the infection of mixed bacteria.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) in the primary environment of the cordyceps sinensis host growth, an artificial special facility is directly constructed on a gentle meadow, the meadow on the earth surface is not damaged, the special facility is completely transparent and daylighting, and mixed bacteria in the air can be isolated from entering the artificial special facility to form a closed environment;
2) in 6-8 months of the year, eggs of the host hepialus armoricanus are placed in a greenhouse;
3) after eggs of the host hepialus of the cordyceps sinensis are hatched into host larvae, keeping sufficient food of the host larvae;
4) introducing Cordyceps strain into artificial special facility when host larva grows to 3-4 years old;
5) producing cordyceps sinensis.
The density of eggs placed in the greenhouse in the step 2) is per m2The number of shots in (1) is 100-150.
The step 4) of introducing the cordyceps sinensis strains into the artificial special facility is to spray sand a bacterial liquid containing hirsutella sinensis mycelia in the special facility or directly spray sand spores in the special facility.
The special facility is a transparent closed body directly built on the surface of the primary environment of the cordyceps sinensis hosts; an air outlet for exhausting air is arranged at the upper part of the special facility, and an air inlet for air intake is arranged at the position 3-10cm away from the ground at the lower part of the special facility.
And sterile membranes for filtering sundry bacteria are arranged on the air outlet and the air inlet.
The vertical height of the upper end opening of the air outlet and the air inlet exceeds 3 m.
The bat moth larva of cordyceps host is any one of Hepialus (Hepialus biruensis.Sp. nov, Gorga Hepialus (Hepialus gonggganensis S.Q.Fu & T.F.Fuang), Shidao-produced cordyceps host Hepialus (Hepialus sp), gold-produced cordyceps host Hepialus (Hepialus sp), cordyceps Hepialus, phylogenetic Hepialus (Hepialus minianus), torturous Hepialus (Hepialus obliquus) and jade tree Hepialus, and Laridis Hepialus (Hepialus lagii Yan).
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: 1) the method for cultivating the cordyceps sinensis effectively shortens the cultivating time of the cordyceps sinensis and improves the yield of the cordyceps sinensis in unit area;
2) compared with other artificial cultivation modes, the special facility for cultivating the cordyceps sinensis does not need artificial temperature control, and is lower in production cost;
3) the method for artificially cultivating the cordyceps sinensis is suitable for the plateau environment, is more beneficial to management compared with semi-wild cultivation and wild cultivation, and avoids the invasion of human beings and wild animals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a dedicated facility;
1 special facility, 1-1 rear wall, 1-2 front slope, 1-3 front window, 2-1 air inlet and 2-2 air outlet.
Detailed Description
Example 1 Effect of different Heat-insulating greenhouse on cultivation of Cordyceps
In the native region of Cordyceps at altitude 3500 of Kangding in Sichuan, selecting sunny gentle slope zone (gradient 5-15 deg.), constructing 3 special facilities with same area as each other, and using as special facilities for culturing Cordyceps; wherein, the whole structure of the special facility 1 for artificially cultivating the cordyceps sinensis in the original place provided by the invention is the same as that of a sunlight special facility. The front slope 1-2 of the special facility 1 is directed towards the south. The framework of the special facility 1 adopts a high-quality hot-dip galvanized pipe; because the surface of the framework is completely subjected to hot galvanizing anti-corrosion treatment, the service life is longer than that of a common welded pipe or steel bar structure; transparent glass or plastic films are covered on the front window 1-3 and the front slope 1-2 of the special facility 1. The back wall 1-1 of the special facility is a hollow brick structure, and composite (double-layer rock wool heat preservation) materials are adopted on the east, west and north sides. An air inlet 2-1 for air inlet is arranged on a front window 1-3 of the special facility 1, and an air outlet 2-2 for air outlet is arranged at the top of the special facility 1; the height of the air inlet 2-1 from the ground is 3-10cm, and the vertical height difference between the air inlet 2-1 and the air outlet exceeds 3 m. And sterile membranes for filtering air are arranged on the air inlet 2-1 and the air outlet 2-2. The greenhouse was used as the experimental group.
Arranging a second group of greenhouses, wherein the overall structure of the greenhouses is the same as that of the special facility 1; the difference between the air inlet 2-1 and the air outlet 2-2 is that no sterile membrane for filtering air is arranged on the air inlet and the air outlet. The greenhouse was used as control group i.
The third group of greenhouses are arranged, the structure of the circular arch type ground inserting greenhouse is adopted, the structure is the same as that of a conventional circular arch type ground inserting greenhouse, and special heating, moisturizing and air filtering facilities are not arranged. The greenhouse was used as control group ii.
The three groups of greenhouses are detected, and the cleanliness of the experimental group reaches 1 ten thousand grade after the greenhouses are sealed for 48 hours, while the cleanliness of the comparison groups I and II is still 10 ten thousand grade and is basically the same as that of the natural environment. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 cleanliness of each group
Meanwhile, the device is mobile, does not substantially damage the ground surface of the plateau, and has positive significance for maintaining the fragile ecological environment of the plateau.
Example 2 Effect of different cultivation methods on the yield of Cordyceps sinensis
Collecting eggs of adult hepialus armoricanus which is a host of the cordyceps sinensis, concentrating the collected eggs for several times, removing broken shark fins and other sundries when female moths lay eggs, and cleaning with clear water to finish the collection of fertilized eggs. Spreading the eggs in culture dishes which are always kept with moist filter paper, wherein 200-800 eggs are placed in each dish, and the dishes are covered with a dish cover, and the temperature change culture in three stages of a front stage, a middle stage and a later stage can be divided according to the development condition of a larva embryo, wherein the early stage is about 15 days, the daytime (8 am in the morning to 8 pm in the evening, the same is used below) is 6-12 ℃, the nighttime (8 pm to 8 am in the morning next day) is 6-8 ℃; the temperature is about 20 days in the middle period, 11-13 ℃ in the daytime, 7-9 ℃ at night, about 15 days in the later period, 12-16 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night. And (3) cleaning the eggs with clean water at the end of each stage, sucking the moisture on the surfaces of the eggs with clean filter paper after cleaning, and putting the eggs into a dish which is newly laid with wet filter paper for moisture preservation and culture.
At the end of the egg, the larvae were closely observed to hatch, and once the onset of hatching was observed, the eggs were immediately removed from the petri dishes with filter paper and placed in greenhouse control groups I and II and experimental groups as provided in example 1 at a dose of 1 m/day2100-150 pills are thrown.
For hatched bat moth larvae, the polygonum cuspidatum, polygonum hydropiper, ginseng fruit, carrot and sweet potato are used as feed, fresh and clean (collected within 2 days) are preferably used, silt is washed out, fibrous root leaves, aged and rotten parts of wood are removed, clean water is used for cleaning, water is filtered out, and the hatched bat moth larvae are processed into soybean-like particles and are sealed for later use; the larva feed also relates to generation feeds of rhubarb, astragalus, sweet potatoes, carrots and the like. The culture medium is black brown alpine meadow soil with high humus content, is collected, dried, ground, sieved (with a sieve pore of 4-16 meshes), added with water, wetted (with the content of 35-50%), bagged (in a plastic bag of 25 x 30 CM), sealed and pricked at a bag opening, sterilized at the temperature of about 55-85 ℃ for 50-90 minutes, and then placed at room temperature for later use.
Before larvae hatch, the feed and the substrate are placed on the ground surface of a greenhouse: the feed (the polygonum cuspidatum and the garden polygonum paniculatum are matched and stirred uniformly according to the proportion of 1: 1.5) and the matrix is matched and stirred uniformly according to the proportion of 1: 1, and 0.3-0.5 kg of feed is filled in each square meter. After the larvae hatch out, the larvae should enter the soil and hide themselves within 20-60 minutes, and the affairs are kept sufficient in the whole larva stage.
Spraying a bacterial solution containing hirsutella sinensis on the ground surface in the greenhouse, and continuously spraying for 2-4 times at intervals of 1 day each time; and stopping spraying and inoculating the hirsutella sinensis strain when the larva infection rate is about 55-95% by inspection.
In the special facilities of the control groups I and II and the experimental group, the larvae are thrown into the soil for 3 months, and the larvae are watered for 1-2 times every day when the larvae are sunny; and (3) shielding part of sunlight by using a sunshade net within half a year if the ground temperature is 5-10 cm away from the ground surface and exceeds 20 ℃. Collecting Cordyceps in three groups of greenhouses, as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 yield of Cordyceps in different dedicated facilities
According to statistics, the first batch of cordyceps sinensis is produced after 600 days from the day of larva feeding of the experimental group and the control group I, and the first batch of cordyceps sinensis is produced after 900 days of the control group II, which is considered to be the reason that the greenhouse heat preservation performance of the control group II is poor; in the dedicated facilities of the experimental and control groups I, the annual temperature was below 8 ℃ for 37 days, and not below 0 ℃. The number of days in the greenhouse of the control group II at the temperature of less than 8 ℃ exceeds 100 days, the number of days at the temperature of less than 0 ℃ exceeds 20 days, the feeding activity of the bat moth larvae at the temperature of less than 8 ℃ is reduced, the growth is slow, the growth temperature cannot be less than 0 ℃, and the larvae stop growing. The grass yield of the cordyceps sinensis in the experimental group and the cordyceps sinensis in the control groups I and II are counted, and the experimental group can reach 33 strains per square meter on average, while the control groups I and II can produce 16 strains and 13 strains of cordyceps sinensis per square meter on average. Meanwhile, the control groups I and II have the condition that the host larvae are infected with the mixed bacteria. Therefore, the good sterile condition has important significance for the culture of the cordyceps sinensis.
Claims (4)
1. A method for artificially culturing Cordyceps in original place comprises constructing special facility in original environment of Cordyceps host, manually controlling temperature and humidity, and adding feed of Cordyceps host larva to realize artificial culture of Cordyceps; the method is characterized in that: completely utilizing natural light to isolate the growing environment of the host of the cordyceps sinensis from the natural environment so as to avoid the infection of mixed bacteria; the method comprises the following steps:
1) in the primary environment of the cordyceps sinensis host growth, an artificial special facility is directly constructed on a gentle meadow, the meadow on the earth surface is not damaged, the special facility is completely transparent and daylighting, and mixed bacteria in the air can be isolated from entering the artificial special facility to form a closed environment;
2) in 6-8 months of the current year, eggs of the hepialus armoricanus which is the host of the cordyceps sinensis are placed in a greenhouse;
3) after eggs of the host hepialus of the cordyceps sinensis are hatched into host larvae, keeping sufficient food of the host larvae;
4) introducing Cordyceps strain into artificial special facility when host larva grows to 3-4 years old;
5) growing cordyceps sinensis;
the special facility (1) is a transparent closed body which is directly built on the surface of the primary environment of the cordyceps sinensis host; an air outlet (2-2) for exhausting air is arranged at the upper part of the special facility (1), and an air inlet (2-1) for air inlet is arranged at the position 3-10cm away from the ground at the lower part of the special facility (1);
sterile films for filtering sundry bacteria are arranged on the air outlet (2-2) and the air inlet (2-1).
2. The method for artificially cultivating Cordyceps sinensis in primitive regions according to claim 1, wherein said method comprisesIn the following steps: the density of eggs placed in the greenhouse in the step 2) is per m2The number of shots in (1) is 100-150.
3. The method for artificially cultivating Cordyceps sinensis in the primordial region according to claim 1, wherein: the step 4) of introducing the cordyceps sinensis strains into the artificial special facility is to spray a bacterial liquid containing hirsutella sinensis mycelia in the special facility or directly spray spores in the special facility.
4. The method for originally and artificially cultivating cordyceps sinensis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the vertical height of the upper end opening of the special facility air outlet (2-2) and the vertical height of the air inlet (2-1) exceed 3 m.
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